异鼠李素对人肺癌细胞抑制作用的观察

目的研究异鼠李素对人肺癌YTLMC-90细胞的抑制作用并探讨其作用机制。方法采用细胞生长、克隆形成和^3H—TdR掺入实验,流式细胞术等方法研究异鼠李素对、YTLMC-90细胞增殖和凋亡的作用及其分子机制。结果异鼠李素抑制YTLMC-90细胞的生长和增殖,诱导凋亡,使bcl-2,c—myc、H—ras癌基因表达下降,增强bax、c—fos基因表达。结论异鼠李素可能通过下调bcl-2、c-myc、H-ras基因的表达,增强bax、c—fos基因表达来达到抑制YTLMC-90细胞增殖和生长,诱导凋亡和分化。     

异鼠李素对人肝癌HepG-2细胞增殖与凋亡影响的实验研究

目的：观察异鼠李素对人肝癌HepG-2细胞的增殖周期及凋亡的影响。方法噻唑蓝（Mar）法检测异鼠李素对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用,流式细胞仪检测异鼠李素对肿瘤细胞周期及凋亡的影响。结果MTr结果提示异鼠李素对人肝癌细胞的增殖有明显抑制作用,并随着作用浓度的增大,抑制作用逐渐增强,以100mg／L的异鼠李素培养基抑制作用最明显。流式细胞仪检测可见亚二倍体峰,提示异鼠李素有诱导入肝癌细胞凋亡作用。异鼠李素可通过诱导人肝癌细胞凋亡并将细胞阻滞在G0—G1期,使细胞不能进入s期进行DNA合成,最终使瘤细胞的体外增殖受到抑制。结论异鼠李素抑制人肝癌细胞的增殖。阻滞细胞周期,诱导细胞凋亡,可能具有一定抗肝癌作用。     

节律基因mPeriod2对Lewis肺癌细胞生长的影响

目的 研究节律基因mPeriod2(mPer2)对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制及诱导分化凋亡的作用。方法 体外培养Lewis肺癌细胞,使用脂质体包裹法将真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1为基础的mPer2表达质粒(pcDNA3．1-mPer2)转导入Lewis肺癌细胞内;以免疫组化及流式细胞技术检测mPer2表达;通过流式细胞技术检测稳定转染的mPer2阳性表达的Lewis肺癌细胞的生长及凋亡。结果 mPer2表达质粒(pcDNA3．1-mPer2)转染的Lewis肺癌细胞表达PERIOD2蛋白;与对照组比较,其增殖指数下降及凋亡率增加。结论 节律基因mPer2可以抑制肿瘤细胞的生长,增加肿瘤细胞的凋亡率。     

32P胶体致人胰腺癌Pc-3移植瘤细胞凋亡及其相关基因表达的研究

目的 观察低剂量^3-P胶体瘤体内注射诱导裸鼠人胰腺癌Pc-3移植瘤细胞凋亡的生物学效应、相关基因的表达及其可能的作用机理。方法建立：BALB／c裸鼠人胰腺癌Pc-3移植瘤动物模型，分别向30只荷瘤鼠瘤块中心注射不同剂量(0．37、0．74、1．48、2．96和5．92MBq)的^32P胶体溶液，对照组注射等体积冷胶体。于注射后24h取出瘤块；通过流式细胞仪、透射电镜及免疫组织化学检测等方法，研究肿瘤组织的细胞凋亡率、细胞坏死率、细胞超微结构改变及Apo2．7、Caspase-3、bcl-2、box相关基因的表达。结果 0．74、1．48和2．96MBq组瘤体内注射后电镜下可见典型的细胞凋亡表现，5．92MBq组细胞则以大量坏死为主。辐射诱导凋亡过程中，bcl-2／bax比值下调，Apoa2.7、Caspase-3蛋白表达均明显增加。结论 ^32P胶体瘤体注射可诱导荷瘤裸鼠人胰腺癌Pc-3肿瘤细胞凋亡；Aao2．7、Caspase-3、bcl-2及bax蛋白参与调控辐射诱导细胞凋亡过程。     

125I粒子对前列腺癌PC-3移植瘤bcl-2、bax基因表达和细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨125I粒子持续低剂量率照射对前列腺癌PC-3移植瘤bel-2、bax基因表达和细胞凋亡的影响.方法 利用2枚37 MBq 125I粒子模型对前列腺癌PC-3移植瘤裸鼠进行48,96和192 h照射,用免疫组织化学方法分析bcl-2和bax基因表达情况.用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测凋亡率.凋亡率和bax/bcl-2比值之间的相关性采用线性相关分析.统计学处理采用SPSS 11.0软件.结果 125I粒子持续低剂量率照射48 h后bcl-2表达下降到4.00±2.00,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(t=2.500,P=0.067);96和192 h后bcl-2表达分别下降到2.67±1.16和3.00±1.00,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.950,3.464;P=0.008,0.026).bax表达分别上升到11.33±2.89,8.67±1.16和8.67±1.16,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.334,4.025,5.292;P值分别为0.029,0.016和0.006).125I粒子持续低剂量率照射48 h组PC-3细胞凋亡率为22.3%,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.404);照射96和192 h组凋亡率增加到21.7%和30.7%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.016,0.036).各照射组之间凋亡率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).125I粒子持续低剂量率照射Pc-3细胞凋亡率和bax/bcl-2比值呈正相关(r=0.784,P=0.012).结论 125I粒子持续低剂量率照射可使PC-3细胞bcl-2表达下降,bax表达上升,诱导凋亡增加,而凋亡率与bax/bcl-2比值呈正相关.125I粒子对肿瘤细胞的抑制可能通过bcl-2、bax途径诱导细胞凋亡而发挥作用.     

蒺藜总皂苷对缺氧复氧损伤心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2与bax表达的影响

目的观察蒺藜总皂苷（GSTT）对培养乳鼠心肌细胞模拟缺血再灌注损伤后心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax表达的影响。方法利用原代培养的SD乳鼠心肌细胞建立模拟心肌缺血再灌注（M1／R）模型,分正常培养组、模型组和蒺藜总皂苷大、小剂量组。流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡率,免疫组化检测心肌细胞凋亡基因bcl-2、bax的表达。结果GSTT大、小剂量组均可显著降低细胞凋亡率（P〈0．05）。GSTT大剂量组可显著上调bcl2表达（P〈0．01）、下调bax表达（P〈0．05）,而GSTT小剂量组可上调bcl—2表达（P〈0．05）,但对bax表达无明显影响。结论GSTT可抑制模拟缺血再灌注损伤心肌细胞的凋亡,其作用可能是通过上调bcl-2、下调bax表达实现的。     

还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)对PC12细胞鱼藤酮损伤的分子调控

为探讨NADH对PC12细胞线粒体鱼藤酮损伤的修复机制，采用细胞毒实验、免疫荧光和流式细胞仪检测细胞在鱼藤酮损伤前后细胞增殖基因（c-myc、c-erbB-2）、抗凋亡基因（bcl－2）、抑癌基因（p53）、细胞快反应基因（c-fos）相关蛋白和细胞增殖核抗原（PCNA）的表达。结果表明，鱼藤酮能明显抑制PC12细胞增殖，下调c-erbB-2、c-myc、bcl-2和p53基因的表达；NADH可以抑制鱼藤酮对PC12细胞线粒体的毒性作用，上调细胞bcl-2c、c-myc、c-erbB－2基因和PCR的表达，提示鱼藤酮可能通过控线粒体磷酸化过程和下调细胞增殖基因（c-rebB-2、c－myc）、抗凋亡基因（bcl-2），上调快反应基因(c-fos）表达致使细胞损伤，NADH抑制鱼藤酮对PC12细胞的损伤可能与bcl-2、c-myc、c-erbB-2和p53表达调控有关。     

应用基因芯片技术筛选曲古菌素A诱导肺腺癌耐药细胞株A549/CDDP差异表达的凋亡基因

目的 应用基因芯片技术筛选曲古菌素A(TSA)处理顺铂耐药肺癌细胞株A549/CDDP后的凋亡相关基因的表达变化,筛选TSA治疗顺铂耐药肺癌的靶分子.方法 TSA处理A549/CDDP细胞24h,以未经TSA处理的A549/CDDP细胞作为对照组,提取两组细胞总RNA并反转录为cDNA,采用NimbleGen全基因组表达芯片检测基因表达情况,以NimbleScan 2.5软件结合GO分析比较TSA处理组与对照组基因表达谱的变化,从差异表达基因中筛选出与凋亡和增殖相关的基因.结果 与对照组相比,共筛选到TSA上调的凋亡相关基因85个以及下调的细胞增殖和生长相关基因43个.GO分析发现,这些基因的分子功能主要是调节细胞凋亡和细胞对化学刺激的抵抗作用,以及参与细胞生长、增殖、细胞生物质量维持等生物过程.TSA不仅激活了线粒体凋亡通路,而且激活了死亡受体相关凋亡通路,下调了与细胞耐药相关的基因BAG3和ABCC2.结论 TSA改变了A549/CDDP细胞中凋亡和增殖基因的表达,这些基因可能在TSA治疗顺铂耐药肺癌中发挥了重要作用.     

白英水提物诱导人卵巢癌A2780细胞bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的：观察白英水提物诱导人卵巢癌A2780细胞凋亡的作用,初步探讨其分子机制。方法：常规方法制备白英水提物,体外培养人卵巢癌A2780细胞,MTT法提示其有较强的体外抑制A2780细胞作用。采用半定量RT—PCR法检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2表达。实验组设白英水提物12．5、25．0、50．0mg／ml 3种浓度,以顺铂（25．0μg／ml）为阳性对照组。结果：白英水提物对A2780细胞增殖有抑制作用,且呈明显的量效关系,半定量RT—PCR法检测显示bcl-2 mRNA表达下调,诱导其发生凋亡。结论：白英水提物对A2780细胞有较强的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用,其诱导A2780细胞凋亡的分子机制可能与下调bcl-2基因表达有关。     

AZT对大鼠种植性肝癌细胞凋亡及bax蛋白和PCNA表达影响的研究

目的:观测端粒酶抑制剂3'-叠氮-3'-脱氧胸腺核苷(AZT)对大鼠种植性肝癌组织细胞凋亡及bax蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达的影响,探讨其诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的可能机制.材料和方法:对Walker-256荷瘤大鼠行直视下瘤内注射AZT6天后观测肿瘤细胞凋亡率并采用免疫组化EnVision法检测肿瘤组织中bax蛋白及PC-NA的表达,并与对照组进行对照.结果:AZT组及对照组肿瘤细胞凋亡率分别为(12.439±0.802)%、(3.903±0.182)%,AZT组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);对照组bax蛋白及PCNA阳性细胞表达率分别为(16.851±10.064)%和(54.234±24.589)%,AZT组bax蛋白及PCNA阳性细胞表达率为(39.279±17.041)%和(27.278±13.961)%,经AZT处理后bax蛋白表达被明显调高(P＜0.05),PCNA表达明显降低(P＜0.05).结论:AZT能调高大鼠walker-256肿瘤组织bax蛋白的表达,抑制PCNA表达,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.