限制韧带松解在矫正先天性轻度上睑下垂的重睑术中的应用

目的:在重睑术前应重视先天性轻度上睑下垂的诊断并探讨应用限制韧带松解术在治疗先天性轻度上睑下垂中的临床意义。方法:对临床要求重睑的患者,通过"抬眉/额纹增多、仰颏、抬眼费力"三联症初步判断是否同时有轻度上睑下垂的存在;对确诊为先天性轻度上睑下垂患者,通过单纯松解限制韧带即可矫正大部分患者,不完善者加行上睑提肌腱膜缩短术。结果:本组23例33只眼,19例26只眼在重睑术中行单纯限制韧带松解术,4例7只眼行限制韧带松解术+上睑提肌腱膜折叠缩短术。随访3个月～2年,所有患者对上睑下垂矫正效果均满意,左右对称,外形自然,抬眼明显轻松,无复发。结论:在重睑术前应重视对先天性轻度上睑下垂的诊断,限制韧带松解术是治疗先天性轻度上睑下垂的首选方法,对于大部分患者可达到完全矫正的效果,且形态自然,不易复发。     

单切口额肌上睑SMAS瓣经眶隔后悬吊治疗上睑下垂

目的 总结单切口额肌上睑SMAS瓣经眶隔后悬吊治疗上睑下垂的适应证及手术方法.方法 取上睑重睑皱襞切口,SIFSF悬吊治疗上睑下垂,重建上睑提升动力通道近似上睑提肌滑行路径.自1993年7月至2009年11月,收治上睑下垂148例(215只眼),其中应用SIFSF经眼轮匝肌和眶隔后隧道悬吊治疗上睑下垂者81例(121只眼),包括严重或复发性上睑下垂、Horner′s 综合征、张口瞬目综合征、先天性睑裂狭小综合征和下颌面发育不良综合征伴有的上睑下垂等;应用上睑提肌腱膜缩短,提上睑肌粘连松解,节制韧带松解,睑板部分切除治疗上睑下垂67例(94只眼).结果术后早期发生睑内翻、角膜刺激者1 例,再次手术治愈;角膜溃疡者1例,经治疗好转;结膜脱垂者2例,术后血肿者2例,经保守治疗痊愈.在SIFSF悬吊治疗上睑下垂的81例(121只眼)患者中,术后经4周至10年随访者49例(69只眼),其中优良者30例( 45只眼),良好者17例(22只眼),矫正不足者2例(3只眼),矫正优良率为97%.术后提上睑功能和形态良好.矫正不足2例,经再次手术治愈.结论 单切口额肌上睑SMAS瓣经眶隔后悬吊治疗上睑下垂术式,可避免眉下切口,是一项符合上睑提肌生理功能的重建,适应证范围较广,手术操作简易,术后提上睑功能和上睑形态改善良好的手术方法.     

协同开睑术矫治上睑下垂的临床研究

克服以往手术单肌负荷过大,提肌力＜５ｍｍ者提肌手术出现矫正不足和额肌手术后有明显兔眼及上睑迟滞等现象,并使术后开睑功能更接近生理。改变以往治疗中单一利用额肌或提上睑肌矫治的方法,采用提上睑肌折叠瓣—额肌协同开睑矫正重度上睑下垂。本组３８例５３只眼重度上睑下垂,经提上睑肌折叠瓣额肌吻合术矫治,疗效满意。协同开睑术矫治重度上睑下垂比单一提上睑肌或额肌手术更为合理。     

上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除矫正重度先天性上睑下垂效果观察

目的:探讨上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术矫正重度上睑下垂的疗效。方法:对重度先天性上睑下垂44例49眼进行手术治疗,其中行上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术共24例26眼,额肌瓣悬吊术20例23眼,术后对上睑缘位置、上睑的弧度形态、眼睑闭合度及并发症情况进行随访,并据此评价手术疗效。结果:术后随访3~24个月,行上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术后上睑下垂矫正较满意,术后形态较好,并发症发生率低,明显优于额肌瓣悬吊术患者,二者差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:上睑提肌缩短联合睑板部分切除术,符合眼睛的正常生理结构,术后并发症少,疗效满意。     

上睑下垂手术治疗500例

目的 探讨不同种类上睑下垂的手术治疗方法和效果。方法 对500例（620只眼）上睑下垂的手术治疗进行了回顾性总结。上睑下垂的种类包括先天性、神经源性、肌源性、外伤性、机械性和老年性。手术方法包括提上睑肌缩短术、提上睑肌腱膜瓣一额肌吻合术、Whitnall韧带悬吊术、弗．盖氏术、提上睑肌，腱膜修补术和改良Hotz术。结果 总体手术成功率为90．3％（560／620只眼）。疗效不满意的60只眼中过矫5只，欠矫55只（合并睑畸形4只，睑内翻6只，睑外翻2只）。提上睑肌缩短术治疗轻、中度先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率为93．8％。提上睑肌缩短术和提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为72．4％和100％。Whitnall韧带悬吊术治疗复发性先天性上睑下垂的手术成功率为90％。弗-盖氏术、Whitnall韧带悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜瓣-额肌吻合术治疗神经源性和肌源性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为41．6％、80％和90％。提上睑肌，腱膜修补术治疗外伤性和老年性上睑下垂的手术成功率分别为94．7％和100％。改良Hotz术治疗机械性上睑下垂的手术成功率为93．3％。结论 根据上睑下垂的种类和程度选择适宜的手术方法和完善手术技巧是提高手术成功率的关键。     

改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中度和重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨应用改良上睑提肌缩短术治疗中、重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 对30例中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者(包括2例上睑下垂术后欠矫和复发患者),采用联合睑板切除的上睑提肌缩短术.术中睑板切除量根据睑板的宽度设计,上睑提肌切除量＝(上提量-睑板切除宽度)× (4～5) mm.并分离睑结膜和上睑提肌,切除一定量的睑结膜以防止结膜脱垂,对术后效果进行随访观察.结果 30例除3例矫正不足外,余均获得良好上提效果,上睑缘弧度自然,无严重并发症,仅少数患者早期有轻度睑裂闭合不全.结论 改良上睑提肌缩短术适用于中、重度先天性上睑下垂患者及上睑下垂术后欠矫的患者,在矫正畸形和改善外观方面均能达到良好的效果.掌握手术操作要点,有助于在功能和外形上取得满意效果.     

提上睑肌缩短术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的:观察提上睑肌缩短术治疗肌力＜4 mm的重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法:对肌力在4 mm以下的重度先天性上睑下垂71例86眼行提上睑肌缩短术,观察并分析术后上睑的高度,睑裂宽度,上睑的弧度及重睑形态结果:本组患者71例( 86眼)中治愈81只眼,占94.19％;欠矫4只眼,占4.65％;过矫1只眼,占1.16％;结论:提上睑肌缩短术是治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的有效方法.     

提上睑肌缩短术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂效果观察

目的:现察提上睑肌缩短术矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的效果.方法:采用提上睑肌缩短术矫正量度先天性上睑下垂62例87眼.结果:本组病例中,完全矫正65眼(74.7%),基本矫正18眼(20.7%),复发4眼(4.6%).无过矫病例.结论:采用提上睑肌缩短术矫正重度上睑下垂,可取得良好的手术效果.     

上睑提肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂27例体会

目的：观察应用经皮上睑提肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂的临床效果。方法：应用经皮入路上睑提肌缩短术治疗上睑下垂27例（52眼），术后对临床效果进行随访观察。结果：经平均6个月（6～24个月）随访，其中旱期轻度睑裂闭合不全10例，经1～2月保守治疗后完全恢复，矫治不足1例（1眼），3个月后经再次手术后矫正。术后远期（3个月以上）疗效良好，睑裂高度矫正至正常，重睑皱襞自然，弧形流畅。结论：经皮上睑提肌缩短术治疗轻中度上睑下垂，具有手术野暴露清楚、操作方便、下垂矫正效果可靠及美容效果良好等诸多优点，是治疗轻中度上睑下垂的首选方法。     

一期矫正上睑下垂合并上睑凹陷畸形

目的 探讨一期矫正上睑下垂合并上睑凹陷的手术方式及疗效.方法 术中根据上睑提肌肌力及上睑提肌腱膜的形态情况,选择上睑提肌腱膜修补术、腱膜折叠、缩短术或联合术式,以调整上睑提肌的肌力及其腱膜与睑板连接状况;同时将眶脂肪移位到凹陷区,或者采集适量自体颗粒脂肪注入至凹陷区的眶脂肪包膜内,复位眶隔膜;最后以常规切开重睑成形术法缝合切口.结果 本组15例(30只眼),11例获6～ 40个月随访,平均9.5个月,上睑下垂矫正满意,未见睑下垂复发,上睑凹陷消失,无并发症,眼部外观及功能恢复正常.结论 对上睑下垂合并上睑凹陷的患者,施行自体颗粒脂肪眶脂肪包膜内移植和眶脂肪移位法矫治上睑凹陷,并同期行上睑下垂矫正一期整形,在恢复上睑的解剖结构、正常眼位、运动功能、美化眼外形、趋于年轻化等方面均取得良好的手术效果.     

A Modified Technique Combining Excision of the Levator Muscle and Tarsus for Blepharoptosis in Asians: A 6-Year Experience with 116 Cases

Background  

In patients with blepharoptosis, the function of levator muscle is insufficient or completely absent, causing blepharoptosis in various degrees. For mild or moderate blepharoptosis, levator advancement or resection is commonly performed. However, in severe cases, undercorrection results and recurrence often occur even a great length of levator muscle is resected. Because the levator muscle makes the upper eyelid move in a physiologic direction, exerting the function of residual levator muscle is still a more preferred approach for correction of blepharoptosis. This study combined tarsus resection with levator resection. The resected tarsus can offset the amount of the levator excised, making this technique applicable for severe cases.     

翼状韧带悬吊矫正先天性重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨翼状韧带悬吊矫正重度先天性上睑下垂的临床效果.方法 2010年1～11月,应用翼状韧带悬吊法治疗先天性重度上睑下垂患者15例15只眼,按照切开重睑术术式,打开眶隔,在距睑板上缘5 mm处剪断上睑提肌腱膜进入到上睑提肌下层,向结膜上穹窿分离,在上直肌前1/3和上睑提肌之间找到翼状韧带,用3-0丝线同上睑提肌缝合于睑板上缘,悬吊矫正上睑下垂,缝合形成重睑.结果 经过3～11个月随访,15只眼矫正良好,眼裂均在15～30 d基本闭合,无其他并发症发生,重睑弧度形态自然,外观满意.结论 翼状韧带悬吊治疗重度先天性上睑下垂疗效可靠,用翼状韧带代替上睑提肌,生理运动方向一致,术后眼睑外形动态与静态均较自然.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical result of check ligament suspension for correction of congenital severe blepharoptosis. Methods Since Jan. 2010 to Nov. 2010, 15 eyes in 15 cases with congenital severe blepharoptosis were treated with the check ligament suspension. Palpebralis aponeurosis was exposured by opening fascia palpebralis during blepharoplasty. Palpebralis aponeurosis was cut off about 5 mm above the tarsus. The check ligament was seen in the intermuscular space between the segment of levator and the anterior one third of superior rectus attached to the conjunctival fornix. Congenital blepharoptosis could be corrected by suturing the check ligament and levator palpebrae superior to the upper margin of tarsal plate with 3-0 silk thread. Double eyelid plasty was carried out in the end. Results The follow-up period was 3-11 months with good cosmetic result. All the cases could close their eyes in 15 to 30 days with no complication. Conclusions In conclusion, this technique is quite successful in raising the level of the upper eyelid in severe congenital blepharoptosis. The check ligament moves in a similar direction as the natural movement of levator muscle, so both the postoperative static and dynamic appearance of the upper lid is more natural.     

上睑下垂的术前评估及改良提上睑肌缩短术矫治的疗效评价

目的评价改良提上睑肌缩短术矫治上睑下垂的效果。方法采用改良提上睑肌缩短术[此改良术式与常规术式不同之处在于增加分离提上睑肌腱膜的长度(22mm)和宽度(16mm),腱膜在睑板上固4对缝线,以增加其牢固度],共治疗上睑下垂57例68眼,其中轻度13例13眼,中度38例47眼,重度6例8眼。结果术后4～36个月随访,治愈48例59眼,欠矫9例9眼,无过矫病例。结论该提上睑肌缩短术与常规手术比较有改进,术后的睑缘高度易保持在上方角膜缘,弧度与健侧对称,不易形成眼角畸形,能较好提高矫治效果。     

不对称双侧先天性上睑下垂的分期手术治疗策略

目的 探讨不对称的先天性双侧上睑下垂进行分期手术的治疗策略。方法 对2011年至2013年的30例不对称双侧上睑下垂患者进行分期手术矫正。一期手术矫正较重侧(中~重度),行睑板部分切除联合上睑提肌缩短前徙术;3~6个月后再行较轻侧矫正,行睑板部分切除术或上睑提肌缩短术。术后随访3~24个月,术后评估内容包括矫正程度与双侧对称性。结果 全部30例患者60只眼,在矫正效果评估中,37(61.7%)只眼为充分矫正,23(38.3%)只眼为中等矫正,无矫正不足或过矫病例。对称性评估中,23(76.5%)例达到良好对称,7(23.5%)例达到中等对称,无对称不佳病例。结论 与我们以往的治疗经验相比,对于不对称的双侧先天性上睑下垂,分期手术治疗能够达到更好的对称效果。     

眶隔筋膜瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊矫正重度上睑下垂

目的:为更好地保持眼睑的原有结构,符合其生理和生物力学特点,探索一种治疗重度上睑下垂的新方法。方法:术中于眼轮匝肌下分离并显露眶隔筋膜至近眶上缘处,在眶隔表面设计一蒂位于睑板上缘的梯形瓣,按设计线全层切开眶隔,形成眶隔筋膜瓣。在患侧眉上形成一额肌瓣,将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定,上提睑缘至角膜上缘处,起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果:作者利用该方法对22例26侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗,随访病人17例,19侧眼睑,其中16侧眼睑取得了满意的效果,额肌收缩时患睑睁大两侧眼裂大小对称,可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑外形满意。3侧眼睑矫正不完全,经二次手术修复得以矫正。讨论:作者认为利用眶隔筋膜形成的组织瓣与额肌瓣重叠吻合悬吊缝合,保持了眼睑的原有结构,具有手术损伤轻,上睑悬吊牢固,不易复发,睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意,畸形矫正效果良好,优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜瓣悬吊的方法。     

Physiological correction of mild to moderate congenital blepharoptosis: A retrospective cohort study involving 97 Eastern Asian patients

BackgroundConventional blepharoptosis repair methods distort the normal anatomy of levator aponeurosis and often cause a visible depressed scar in the upper eyelid.MethodsThe levator aponeurosis was dissected as a flap from the pretarsal tissue in mono-eyelid Asian patients who had mild to moderate congenital blepharoptosis. The flap base was advanced and repositioned on the tarsus. The margin of the distal flap was interposed and fused with orbicularis oculi muscles. Postoperative evaluation included ptosis correction, symmetry, and overall cosmetic outcomes.ResultsA total of 162 eyes on 97 patients were corrected using our method. Follow-up time ranged from 8 to 24 months (mean 12.4). In mild ptosis eyelids, out of 58 eyelids, 36.2% (21 eyelids), 56.9% (33), and 6.9% (4) required adequate correction, normal correction, and undercorrection, respectively, whereas in moderate ptosis, the results were 34.6% (36 eyelids), 53.9% (56), and 11.5% (12), respectively. For symmetry, 58.8% (57 cases), 32.0% (31), and 9.2% (9) resulted in good, fair, and poor outcomes, respectively. For cosmetic outcomes, 82.8% (48 eyelids), 15.5% (9), and 1.7% (1) of mild ptosis cases achieved good, moderate, and poor results in mild ptosis cases, whereas the results were 77.9% (81 eyes), 20.2% (21), and 1.9% (2), respectively, in moderate ptosis cases. The only complication among all cases was postoperative swelling.ConclusionsWe presented a new blepharoplasty for ptosis repair that allows both satisfactory ptosis correction and cosmetic outcomes in mild to moderate congenital blepharoptosis.     

Etiology and pathogenesis of aponeurotic blepharoptosis

How and why aponeurotic blepharoptosis develops was investigated in terms of the relationship between the levator aponeurosis and Mueller's muscle functioning as the muscle spindle of the levator muscle. A total of 200 consecutive patients with moderate to severe acquired blepharoptosis completed questionnaires regarding their history of physical irritations to the eyelids, and intraoperative conditions of the levator aponeurosis and Mueller's muscle were evaluated. Several kinds of physical irritations to the eyelids were reported, such as habitual rubbing of the eyelids, contact lens usage, cataract surgery, and continuous rubbing of the eyelids while crying all night. The two main findings for aponeurosis were that it was disinserted from the tarsus, resulting in a large amount of play between the aponeurosis and the tarsus, and that the aponeurosis and Mueller's muscle were attenuated and elongated. The authors believe that rubbing may have caused disinsertion as well as attenuation and elongation of the aponeurosis, which result in transmission failures between the levator muscle and the tarsus as well as between the levator muscle and the mechanoreceptor of Mueller's muscle, leading to clinical blepharoptosis.     

Treatment strategy for severe blepharoptosis

ObjectiveTo establish a treatment protocol for severe blepharoptosis. This protocol helps to achieve improved accuracy and more stable correction outcome.MethodsThe levator muscle function was evaluated pre-operation. When the levator function was less than 1 mm, the frontalis suspension technique was performed; when the levator function was more than 1 mm, the techniques of levator resection, combined excision of the tarsus and levator, and tarsus–levator–CFS suspension were performed sequentially until a satisfactory correction result was achieved.ResultsA total of 389 patients with severe ptosis (561 eyes) were included; 102 eyes received levator resection, 314 eyes received combined excision of the tarsus and levator, 53 eyes received tarsus–levator–CFS suspension, and 92 eyes received frontalis suspension. In total, a satisfactory correction result was achieved in 466 eyes, while 95 cases still presented with under-correction. The symmetry findings showed that 107 (27%) cases presented good symmetry, 203 (52%) cases presented moderate symmetry, and 79 (21%) showed poor symmetry.ConclusionThis new treatment protocol overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional strategy by standardizing the correction procedure, leading to improved accuracy and more stable correction results.