运动负荷对不稳定性心绞痛患者纤溶活性影响的研究

对20例健康受试者和25例不稳定性心绞痛患者进行运动负荷前、后组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI-1)活性的测定.结果发现运动前静息时,两组t-PA活性无显著差异,而PAI-1活性不稳定性心绞痛组明显高于对照组;运动后,不稳定性心绞痛组t-PA活性显著低于对照组(0.96±0.45IU/ml对1.89±0.68IU/ml,P<0.01),PAI-1活性下降幅度小于对照组(12.0%对31.9%),使其PAI-1活性仍显著高于对照组(8.20±2.28AU/ml对4.21±0.68AU/ml,P<0.01).提示不稳定性心绞痛患者不论是静息,还是在运动负荷激发后,均存在着纤溶活性的下降.     

小剂量尿激酶治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床分析

目的　观察小剂量溶栓剂 (尿激酶 )联合肝素治疗不稳定性心绞痛 (UA)患者的临床疗效。方法　 71例 UA患者随机分为肝素组和复合组 ,治疗前、后检测常规心电图、血脂、血糖、纤维蛋白原 (FG)、血浆纤溶酶激活物抑制物 (PAI-1)、组织纤溶酶原激活物 (t-PA)。结果　治疗前、后两组心绞痛每日发作次数和 ST段压低值总和 (Σ ST)、血脂、血糖、FG没有显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。治疗后 PAI-1活性复合组较肝素组低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,t-PA活性增高 ((P<0 .0 5 )。结论　小剂量尿激酶加肝素治疗 UA,纤溶活性增高 ,无明显激活凝血活性的作用 ,用于治疗 U A是可行的     

长球囊介入治疗对老年糖尿病足患者纤溶及凝血系统的影响

目的 探讨长球囊介入治疗对老年糖尿病足患者纤溶及凝血系统的影响.方法 2007年2月至2012年2月分别采用长球囊血管成形术和短球囊血管成形术治疗糖尿病足患者,比较两组患者治疗前后组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)及纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)等纤溶及凝血相关指标的动态变化.结果 研究组患者的球囊直径、球囊长度及球囊扩张次数与对照组比较有明显差异(t=3.45、18.76、8.94,P＜0.05).研究组和对照组患者在术后即刻t-PA含量均明显下降(P＜0.05),而两组间比较则无明显差异(P＞0.05);在术后24 h,研究组t-PA含量较本组术后即刻及对照组均明显上升,恢复至术前水平(t=5.32,P＜0.05).两组患者术后即刻FPA、PAI-1含量均较本组术前明显上升(t =3.95、3.86、4.21、4.82,P＜0.05);而在术后24 h两组PAI-1含量与本组术后即刻相比较明显下降(t=4.25、4.38,P＜0.05),而且研究组在术后24 h与同期的对照组相比下降更明显(t=3.01、3.17,P＜0.05);两组患者术后24 h FPA含量也明显下降(t=3.11、3.84,P＜0.05),与术前FPA水平相接近.结论 长球囊血管成形术可以降低术后血栓事件发生率,预防术后再狭窄率低,即长球囊血管成形术可增强纤溶系统活性,减弱凝血系统活性.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术前后凝血功能的动态变化

目的了解经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)前后凝血及纤溶系统的相应变化.方法选择行PTCA的患者20例,于手术前1天、术后4、12、24、48、72小时和手术后第5天取血测定纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)活性、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)活性.结果PTCA术后12小时FPA较术前增高(P＝0.01),并于术后24小时达到峰值(P＜0.01),均有非常显著性差异.此后逐渐降低,于术后第5天恢复至术前水平;PAI-1活性、tPA活性和PAI-1/tPA术前术后无明显变化.结论PTCA术后凝血系统被激活,应加强抗凝血酶的治疗.     

急性心肌梗死发病昼夜节律性与尿激酶溶栓疗效关系研究

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死发病昼夜节律性与急性心肌梗死静脉尿激酶溶栓疗效关系及作用机制。方法：选择急性心肌梗死且发病至开始溶栓治疗时间小于等于3小时患者共95名。首先,记录其发病时间,按发病时间将其归入二组：上午组(n=42)：6：01～12：00,其他时间组(n=53)：12：01～6：00(次日)。第二,分别在溶栓前及溶栓开始后30分、120分抽取肘部大静脉血,测定其①抗凝活性：抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性。②纤溶活性：纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1 (PAI-1)抗原、PAI-1活性、α_2-抗纤溶酶抗原、D-二聚体。第三,对溶栓开始后2小时是否再通进行判断。第四,对95名患者的溶栓再通率及抗凝纤溶活性进行统计学分析。结果：上午组较其他时间组再通率低,有显著差异(P＜0.05)。上午组较其他时间组 PAI-1抗原水平高,有显著差异 (P＜0.05),其他指标两组间无差异。溶栓前及溶栓后30、120分未通患者较再通患者 PAI-I 抗原、PAI-1活性水平高,均有显著差异(P 均＜0.05)。而抗凝血酶Ⅲ活性、α_2-抗纤溶酶抗原及 D-二聚体无差异(P＞0.05)。结论：急性心肌梗死早期尿激酶溶栓存在晨起抵抗现象,其原因可能与 PAI-1抗原及活性增高有关。     

藻酸双酯钠对心绞痛病人血浆t-PA/PAI-1的影响及其疗效观察

目的探讨藻酸双酯钠(PSS)对冠心病心绞痛病人血清组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)纤溶酶原激活抑制剂(PAI-1)的影响及其疗效.方法选择心绞痛病人87例,随机分为治疗组及对照组.治疗组予PSS注射液200 mg加入生理盐水500 mL静脉输注,每分钟25滴,每天1次,10 d为1个疗程.对照组用常规药物治疗.结果治疗组心绞痛症状、心电图及血浆t-PA/PAI-1的活性均有显著改善,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PSS通过调节血清t-PA/PAI-1的活性,降低血黏度,改善冠状动脉循环,减轻和消除心绞痛,可用于心绞痛发作期治疗.     

高血压患者胰岛素抵抗与纤溶系统的关系

目的研究高血压病(EH)患者胰岛素抵抗(IR)与纤溶系统的关系.方法 EH病人71例,采用75 g葡萄糖口服负荷法(OGTT),将EH患者分为糖耐量正常组(NGT)44例和糖耐量异常组(IGT)27例,正常对照组31例.测定血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1活性(PAI-1)、纤溶酶原活性(PLG),在OGTT测定的同时作血胰岛素(INS)测定,并根据Cederholm公式计算出胰岛素敏感指数(ISIc).结果 NGT组和IGI组相比t-PA无明显差别(P＞0.05),但两组均较正常对照组降低(P＜0.05).NGT组和IGT组PAI-1与正常对照组比较均无明显差别(P>0.05).IGT与NGT相比PLG增高(P＜0.05),与正常对照比较PLG明显增高(P＜0.01).ISIc在NGT组和IGT组较正常对照组明显降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),且IGT组较NGT组更低(P＜0.01).ISIc与t-PA, PAI-1不相关.结论高血压病人存在胰岛素抵抗,当高血压病合并IGT时,胰岛素抵抗更明显.EH病人存在纤溶活性的下降,当合并IGT时,纤溶活性的降低更为明显.t-PA和PAI-1与ISIc无明显相关性.     

2型糖尿病患者血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平与颈动脉粥样硬化关系

探讨2型糖尿病患者血浆纤溶活性因子组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化(carotid atherosclerosis,CAS)的关系.将91例2型糖尿病患者根据颈动脉超声内膜中层厚度分为4组并设健康对照组,分析CAS程度与血浆t-PA、PAI-1水平的关系.结果显示CAS程度与t-PA水平呈明显负相关(r=-0.723,P＜0.01),与PAI-1水平均呈明显正相关(r=0.851,P＜0.01).提示2型糖尿病患者纤溶功能异常可能参与了大血管粥样硬化的发生、发展过程.     

小剂量尿激酶治疗对不稳定型心绞痛患者内皮源性血管活性物质的影响

不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）采用小剂量尿激酶（UK）溶栓治疗临床效果明显。同时，对内皮源性血管活性物质如内皮素．1（ET-1）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）及其抑制剂（PAI-1）也有显著影响，现报告如下。     

不同类型特发性间质性肺炎纤溶活性比较

目的 比较以纤维化为主的特发性肺纤维化(IPF)和以炎症表现为主的非特发性肺纤维化的特发性间质性肺炎(nIPF-IIP)患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和血浆中尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(u-PA)、组织型纤维蛋白酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)的差异,探讨纤溶活性异常与特发性间质性肺炎(IIP)类型或纤维化程度的关系.方法 研究对象包括IIP患者144例,其中IPF患者102例(IPF组),nIPF-IIP患者42例(nIPF-IIP组);对照组26名.采用ELISA测定BALF和血浆中u-PA、t-PA和PAI-1含量.结果 ①IPF和nIPF-IIP患者BALF中u-PA分别为(0.20±0.01) μg/L和(0.22±0.01) μg/L,与对照组[(0.27±0.01) μg/L]比较明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).②IPF和nIPF-IIP患者血浆t-PA较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01).③IPF和nIPF-IIP患者BALF中PAI-1分别为(4.05±0.85) μg/L和(3.69±0.88) μg/L,高于对照组[(1.11±0.12) μg/L,P＜0.05或P＜0.01];血浆中PAI-1在各型IIP患者也明显升高,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 无论是以纤维化表现为主的IPF,还是以炎症表现为主的nIPF-IIP,肺脏都表现以u-PA降低和PAI-1增加为特征的纤溶活性降低和纤溶抑制活性增强;循环中主要表现以PAI 1增加为特征的纤溶抑制水平增加.这种纤溶活性降低似乎在IPF表现更明显.关于以u-PA和PAI-1为代表的纤溶系统在肺纤维化的作用机制及其与IIP类型或纤维化程度的确切关系值得进一步研究.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.