驻京部队部分师职干部高血压保健知识与行为方式的现状调查

目的调查驻京部队部分师职干部高血压保健知识及行为方式的现状。方法对588名40～84岁的师职干部发放调查问卷,内容包括一般情况、高血压基础知识、生活方式及行为、高血压治疗情况。结果师职干部高血压患病率为36.1%,治疗率为80.7%,控制率为73.6%;高血压知识掌握中"血压控制到多少合适"知晓率86.1%,"吃盐多会引起血压升高"知晓率73.8%,"什么是高血压"知晓率70.2%,"高血压会引起那些疾病"知晓率60.0%;在健康行为方式中,40～59岁人群具有健康生活方式及行为的比例低于60岁以上人群。结论师职干部对高血压知识有一定掌握,但相差较大,越年轻的干部具有良好行为方式的比例越低,因此要针对不同人群,不同特点,制定相应的干预措施。年纪较轻的人以预防为主,老年高血压病患者以提高治疗依从性为主。     

上海市宝山区社区居民高血压行为危险因素动态监测分析

目的分析上海市宝山区社区居民高血压行为危险因素动态变化及影响因素,为高血压健康教育与健康促进提供依据。方法对2004~2008年宝山区行为危险因素动态监测的5635人进行高血压相关知识、态度和行为分析。结果5年间居民正常血压值、临界血压值、高盐饮食容易导致高血压的知晓率呈持续上升(P0.01),但40岁以下人群正常血压知晓率5年间变化差异无显著性(P0.05),高血压得不到控制所致后果知晓率变化不大;35岁以上人群每年应测一次血压的态度呈曲折上升(P0.05),而对于高血压患者应采取积极控制措施的态度大多有所下降;过去30天口味偏咸的比例呈持续下降(P0.01),35岁以上人群一年测血压率呈稳步上升(P0.01),且女性一直高于男性、高年龄人群高于低年龄人群(P0.01);社区居民接受健康教育的比例逐年提高。结论持续的控制高血压健康教育与健康促进工作效果明显,应继续加强高血压综合干预工作,强化高血压预防知识,提高控制高血压态度,完善血压测量服务。     

自贡市15岁以上人群高血压现状及相关知识调查

目的了解自贡市15岁以上人群高血压的患病现状、高血压患者的治疗控制以及相关知识情况。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取自贡市年龄≥15岁的城乡人群5 545人,开展体格检查和血压测量并开展问卷调查。结果贡市15岁以上人群的高血压患病率为24.04%,高血压知晓率、服药率和控制率分别为42.84%、39.01%和25.43%,多数患者为有助控制血压,采取戒烟、限酒等非药物措施,高血压人群与非高血压人群的高血压相关知识知晓率比较有统计学差异。结论贡市高血压患病率较高,知晓率、服药率、控制率偏低,需要加强健康知识宣传力度,倡导健康生活方式,提高居民自我健康管理的能力,预防控制高血压的发生发展。     

668例师职以上干部高血压危险因素调查及对策

目的了解我区师职以上干部高血压病控制现状. 方法 668例在职及离退休师职以上干部高血压病患者,化验血脂、血糖,测量身高、体重、血压,进行生活方式调查并与624例血压正常者进行比较.结果 668例中,收缩压≥140mmHg的占46.4%,舒张压≥90mmHg的占37.6%,肥胖者占61.4%,甘油三酯增高者占40.4%,总胆固醇增高者占30.7%,血糖增高者占22.8%.与非高血压患者相比均有显著差异.结论我区师职以上干部高血压病患者血压控制不理想,伴肥胖、高血脂、高血糖者较多,应将改变不健康的生活方式作为高血压病预防的基本措施,将干预血压、血脂、血糖并重.     

河北省沧州市弓形虫知晓情况调查与分析

[目的]了解沧州市人群弓形虫知晓率及其对行为因素的影响,探讨健康教育干预方式. [方法]采用问卷调查及强化健康教育,调查内容包括一般情况、卫生饮食习惯等及弓形虫知晓情况. [结果]调查807人,强化健康教育前知晓率为20.3%,男性、文化程度高、城市居住、医务工作者、干部知晓率高;年龄在18～40岁之间的人群知晓率高.知晓率高的人群有良好的卫生、饮食习惯.强化健康教育后知晓率显著提高(79.7%). [结论]沧州市人群弓形虫知晓率较低,知晓率影响着人们卫生、饮食习惯.因此在广大农村尤其是育龄妇女等重点人群中,需进一步开展多种形式、多种途径的弓形虫知识健康教育工作.     

深圳市牛湖社区劳务工高血压患者的知信行调查

目的了解劳务工高血压患者有关高血压方面的知信行情况,以便为改善劳务工高血压患者的健康水平采取针对性的干预措施提供参考依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,随机抽取本社区掌握的劳务工高血压患者268例进行调查,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果劳务工高血压患者以初中及以下文化水平为主,人均经济收入低;高血压诊断标准知晓率为27.42%,高血压病治疗知晓率为25.00%,高血压病药物治疗知晓率为29.84%,采取非药物治疗行为比例为37.90%,血压控制满意率为25.81%。结论劳务工高血压患者是一个特殊的弱势群体,其整体素质较低、高血压病相关知识知晓率、健康行为率及血压控制率都较低。     

容桂地区老年人群血压正常高值者高血压知识调查

目的了解本地区血压正常的60岁以上老年人高血压知识知晓率情况,实施以社区为基础的健康教育和社区护理干预。方法对顺德区容桂街道整群随机抽取15个居村60岁以上的3283人接受调查,并进行分析性研究。结果该人群高血压知识知晓率为44.53,对高血压并发症脑中风、控制体重和规律运动的知晓程度较高,对低盐膳食、情绪、饮酒、吸烟患病危险因素及血压标准、血压测量和高血压治疗等知识掌握较差,正确率在一半以下。不同类别组性别、年龄、文化程度、月收入和体重指数等在高血压知识知晓率上存在明显差异,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论本地区血压正常的60岁以上老年人高血压知识知晓率有待进一步提高,针对个体和不同类别人群高血压知识的知晓情况,加强对该人群高血压知识的健康教育,对有效降低本地区老年人群高血压的发病率意义重大。     

农村居民高血压、糖尿病相关知识及行为调查

目的 了解山东省农村居民高血压、糖尿病的患病状况、相关知识掌握情况以及行为现状.方法 采用现况调查方法,选择山东省有代表性的8个农业县,对年龄≥25岁的常住农村居民进行问卷调查及医学体检.调查农村居民20 087人,体检16 388人.结果 高血压患病率44.3%,糖尿病患病率4.3%;知识知晓情况低下,对饮食、吸烟、超重和肥胖与高血压关系的知晓率分别为34.0%,25.6%,37.2%;对饮食、吸烟、超重和肥胖与糖尿病关系的知晓率分别为30.8%,20.1%,30.6%.女性、年龄越大、文化程度越低、家庭收入越低的居民知识掌握水平差;吸烟率为32.3%,超重与肥胖率为50.7%,规律锻炼率为2.9%.结论 农村居民高血压、糖尿病患病率高,知识知晓水平低.缺乏良好的行为生活习惯.应加强农村地区高血压、糖尿病健康教育,针对不同人群特点应采取相应措施.     

北京市怀柔区社区居民高血压患者知信行分析

目的了解北京市怀柔区社区居民高血压患者知识、信念与行为现状,为开展高血压患者健康教育提供理论依据。方法抽取怀柔区两个乡镇35岁及以上人群中筛检出高血压患者及高危人群共计491人,使用北京市疾病预防控制中心慢性病防治所编制的调查问卷。结果高血压患者与高危人群相关知识知晓率较高;高血压高危人群在知识知晓率、信念形成率和健康行为形成率均低于高血压患者;高血压患者在患高血压后控制血压正确行为率较低。结论开展健康教育工作应关口前移,拓宽到高血压高危人群及全社会,并加强高血压患者的规范化管理工作。     

济南市城区人群高血压患病和治疗控制情况及盐与高血压相关知识态度行为调查分析

目的调查济南市城区居民高血压患病率和控制情况,分析人群对盐与高血压相关知识、态度、行为的认知情况。方法 2011年7月在济南市槐荫区社区常住人口中采用分阶段整群随机抽样方法开展了18~69岁居民人群高血压患病、治疗控制情况和盐与高血压相关知识、态度、行为的基线调查,共调查687人,采用统一的问卷调查和体格检查,问卷及检查项目完整者657人,其中男性315人,女性342人。使用EpiData 2.0软件录入数据.采用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计分析。结果槐荫区18~69岁成人高血压患病率为27.25%。高血压患者知晓率、治疗率均为44.69%,控制率为21.79%,男性女性之间差别均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。调查人群对于少吃盐降血压的知识知晓率为74.89%;赞成低盐饮食率为91.63%,定量盐勺使用率为28.77%,主动采取减盐措施率为59.15%,以上知识、态度、行为率的指标男性女性之间差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论限盐是一种有效地通过改变生活方式达到控制血压的治疗方法。对人群进行健康教育提高高血压相关知识知晓率,劝导合理膳食,低盐、适当运动等是预防高血压、提高患者治疗率和控制率的重要手段。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.