肝细胞癌肝移植术后长期生存率的影响因素

为研究肝细胞癌原位肝移植术后生存率和无瘤生存率的影响因素,作者收集了1989·1~2005·11意大利Niguarda医院的155例肝细胞癌肝移植病例进行分析。其中116例术前诊断为肝细胞癌,39例肝移植术后病理诊断为肝细胞癌,84%的病例术前符合“米兰”标准,94例病例术前进行了抗肿瘤治疗     

肝移植治疗原发性肝癌

目的探讨我国肝移植治疗原发性肝癌的手术适应证及效果。方法回顾性分析我院1999年2月至2004年连续施行的170例原位肝移植手术，对其中原发性肝癌62例的临床分期，手术方式及术后长期生存情况等进行分析，探讨手术指征及效果。结果62例肝癌肝移植病人，随访1～39个月，住院期间死亡4例（6．45％），存活病例1、2、3年肿瘤复发转移率分别为29．31％，41．38％，58．06％；1、2、3年生存率分别为87．45%，65．59％，42．06％，进一步分析发现肿瘤直径〈5cm者6例，全部无瘤生存；肿瘤伴门静脉主干癌栓者7例，除1例无瘤生存1年2个月外余均于1年内复发或死亡。结论晚期肝癌尚无门静脉主干癌栓者可作为我国肝移植指征，应进一步探索围手术期防治肝癌复发转移措施，进一步提高我国肝癌肝移植的疗效。     

合并门静脉血栓形成的肝细胞癌肝移植12例分析

目的探讨合并门静脉血栓形成(PVT)的肝细胞癌肝移植手术疗效、手术技巧及围手术期处理。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属第三医院自2003年10月至2005年6月12例合并PVT的肝细胞癌肝移植临床及随访情况。结果术后随访8d至36个月,中位时间19.5个月。术后第12天、第21天、第30天各死亡1例,死于肺部感染、多器官功能衰竭。随访期间死亡1例(术后第15个月死于肝癌复发)。目前存活8例,其中7例已经无瘤生存13、14、24、24、25、28、30个月,1例带瘤存活36个月。12例病人1年累积存活率75.0%。1例病人肝移植术后2个月吻合口局部PVT复发,目前已经存活30个月。结论合并PVT的肝细胞癌肝移植者预后良好,合理的手术技巧和恰当的术后处理可以避免术后PVT复发。     

肝癌肝移植的适应证及疗效评价

原发性肝癌是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。目前,对肿瘤病灶施行切除仍然是治疗原发性肝癌的主要手段。但是有相当一部分原发性肝癌患者伴有严重的肝硬化,肝功能较差,不适合手术切除。经过多年的发展,肝移植手术成为治疗原发性肝癌的另一选择。由于缺乏合适的纳入标准,早期的肝移植治疗原发性肝癌效果不佳,5年生存率仅18％-20％,而且术后肿瘤复发的比例较高。如何选择合适的肝癌患者,使用有限的供体资源达到最佳的术后效果,成为肝移植领域研究和讨论的热点。     

肝移植治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的疗效评价

目的 评价肝移植治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2006年12月146例行肝移植术治疗肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,其中10例患者曾行肝切除术,8例患者围手术期死亡,予以排除.对其余128例患者进行了随访,分析影响患者存活率的相关因素.结果 128例肝移植患者术后中位存活时间为13.0个月,术后6个月、1年、2年累积存活率分别为78.1%、51.6%和29.7%.单因素分析表明,癌栓分级、肿瘤大体类型、肿瘤数目是影响患者预后的主要危险因素;多因素分析显示,癌栓分级和肿瘤数目与患者术后累积存活率具有显著的相关性.结论 现阶段肝细胞癌合并门静脉癌栓的患者行肝移植术远期疗效尚不满意,在供者资源严重短缺的条件下应限制应用.     

极量肝切除治疗肝细胞癌的适应证与疗效

临床对原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)的手术治疗已取得了长足进步,其中极量肝切除是高难度手术的典型代表。极量肝切除术疗效显著,但必须严格掌握适应证。笔者分别从极量肝切除术治疗HCC的适应证、术前评估、提高手术疗效和减少手术并发症、争议与建议等方面就其治疗现状与进展作一总结。     

一种预测肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的术前评分模型

目的 建立一种基于外周血中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比(NLR)的肝癌肝移植适应证评分模型,评价其预测肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的价值.方法 回顾性分析我院76例有完整随访资料的乙型肝炎相关性肝细胞癌患者临床资料.把肿瘤数目＞3、大血管侵犯和NLR≥2.5三个影响肿瘤复发的术前指标分别赋值1分建立预测复发评分模型,评价该评分模型预测肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的价值.结果 预测复发评分模型ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.758.2分和3分的患者肝移植术后肿瘤复发的风险比(HR值)分别是10.038和59.773,10例3分的患者都在6个月内肿瘤复发;0分、1分、2分的患者1年、3年、5年的无瘤生存率分别为95.0％、78.4％、78.4％,76.9％、66.9％、63.2％和51.9％、8.7％、8.7％.无大血管侵犯的55例患者中,5例肿瘤数目＞3且NLR≥2.5的患者都在31个月内肿瘤复发.结论 肿瘤数目＞3且术前NLR≥2.5的患者肝移植术后肝癌复发的风险显著增加.该术前预测复发评分模型可作为肝癌肝移植适应证选择的重要参考.     

肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的评估与管理

<正>近年来肝细胞癌(肝癌)治疗的手段和策略越来越丰富,肝癌的总体疗效有了明显的提高。在众多的治疗手段中,肝移植仍是目前治疗肝癌最有效的方法^[1]。肝癌肝移植的例数也在不断增加,《中国器官移植发展报告(2020)》显示肝癌仍是肝移植的最主要适应证,肝癌肝移植占比41.5%^[2]。但肝癌肝移植术后5年复发率仍达20%～57.8%^[3-6],复发后中位生存时间仅为10.6～12.2个月^[7-8]。移植术后肿瘤复发已成为影响肝癌肝移植疗效的重要因素,笔者团队就肝癌肝移植术后肿瘤复发的评估和管理作深入阐述。     

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目的 评估"三亚共识"对原发性肝癌肝移植治疗的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析2003年4月至2006年1月间第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院收治的75例因原发性肝癌接受原位肝移植病人,对其与各种肝移植标准的匹配情况进行研究.结果 全部75例病人术后1、2、3年的总体存活率及无瘤存活率分别为85%、74%、67%和80%、74%、66%."三亚共识"组术后1、2、3年总体存活率及无瘤存活率分别为92%、88%、74%、和92%、88%、72%."三亚共识"与其他三种标准相比术后总体存活率及无瘤存活率差异均无统计学意义.结论 "三亚共识"是一种有效的筛选标准."三亚共识"与UCSF标准可能更适用于目前中国的肝癌肝移植筛选.     

超“UCSF标准”肝细胞癌肝移植术前经肝动脉化疗栓塞的疗效

目的: 评估经肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）在超“UCSF标准”肝细胞癌（HCC）肝移植术前治疗的安全性及疗效。方法: 回顾性分析2003年1月至2013年3月在本院行肝移植治疗的83例超“UCSF标准”的成年HCC病人临床资料,根据术前是否采取TACE治疗分为TACE治疗组（63例）与对照组（20例）。比较两组病人术后急性排异、胆道并发症和血管并发症发生率、无瘤生存率及总生存率。结果: TACE治疗组在肝移植术前平均进行了（2.0±1.3）次TACE疗程,末次治疗至肝移植的平均时间为（15.7±8.4） d。TACE治疗组与对照组相比,在肝移植术后急性排异、肝动脉栓塞和胆道并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。TACE治疗组无瘤生存率及总生存率明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。分层分析表明,TACE治疗后获得完全反应或部分反应的HCC病人行肝移植1、3、5年无瘤生存率及总生存率明显高于TACE治疗后无反应组（P<0.05）。TACE治疗后肿瘤降期至“UCSF标准”的HCC病人行肝移植1、3、5年无瘤生存率及总生存率明显高于降期治疗后未达到“UCSF标准”的病人（P<0.05）。结论: 肝移植术前TACE治疗可延长病人无瘤生存及总生存时间。肝移植术前TACE降期治疗安全,仅1例发生肝动脉栓塞并发症。     

不同肝癌肝移植标准受者预后分析

目的分析不同肝癌肝移植标准受者预后情况，评价不同标准之间的差异。 方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年12月首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院原发性肝癌肝移植受者的临床资料，比较不同肝癌肝移植标准受者的预后情况。采用单因素方差分析比较不同肝癌肝移植标准受者年龄、手术时间、无肝期时间和肿瘤最大直径，采用秩和检验比较AFP、终末期肝病模型评分和出血量。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，采用Log-Rank检验比较生存率。采用卡方检验比较Child分级、肿瘤分化程度等指标。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果根据肝移植术后病理结果，115例肝癌肝移植受者中符合米兰标准43例；符合美国加州大学旧金山分校(UCSF)标准49例，较米兰标准扩大14.0%；符合杭州标准91例，较米兰标准扩大111.6%，较UCSF标准扩大85.7%。截至2017年12月，115例受者平均随访(19±17)个月，中位生存时间41.5个月(1.0～57.0个月)。除肿瘤最大直径和肿瘤数目外，3组不同肝癌肝移植标准受者均具有可比性(P均>0.05)。不同肝癌肝移植受者术后1～4年总体和和无瘤生存曲线差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。 结论相较于米兰标准和UCSF标准而言，杭州标准安全地扩大了肝癌肝移植适用范围，使更多的原发性肝癌患者受益。     

关于肝移植治疗肝癌的受者选择标准与肝癌分期标准的商榷

肝细胞癌(HCC,以下简称"肝癌")是最常见的原发性肝癌,全世界每年新发患者达60万人,其中约34万人(约占55 %)在于中国,在肝癌的临床诊治上,中国理应占有举足轻重的地位.通过老一代肝脏外科学家如吴孟超、汤钊猷等的卓越努力下,我国在肝癌的诊治上已在国际上取得一席之地.     

Indication of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan

Approximately 20,000 patients die of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) annually in Japan and most of them are hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers. Recently, small HCC, less than 3 cm in diameter, have frequently been found by ultrasonography in the follow-up of patients with chronic liver diseases. Such cases are mainly treated by either surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) with a satisfactory 5 year survival rate of 50%. In addition, the survival rate of advanced cases has gradually improved thanks to transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization combined with PEIT, radiation, hyperthermia, or immune therapy. On the other hand, our autopsy study has indicated a high frequency of extrahepatic metastasis in advanced cases. From these results, liver transplantation for HCC does not seem to be the treatment of first choice, at present, in Japan. In the future, the means to control the underlying infection of HBV or HCV as well as making an accurate imaging diagnosis for the detection of extrahepatic metastasis will become inevitably more important for successful liver transplantation in HCC.This report is the gist of a paper read at the 91st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Surgical Society, Kyoto, Japan, 1991     

Expanded criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation

In this study, we evaluated our early results of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Between January 2004 and June 2006, 26 patients (4 females, 22 males; aged 1.1-65 years) with preoperatively diagnosed or incidental HCC underwent liver transplantation at our center. Inclusion criteria (independent of tumor size and number of tumor nodules) were no invasion of major vascular structures and no evidence of extrahepatic disease. In 13 of the patients, tumors were beyond the Milan criteria. At this writing, at a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range, 1-31 months), all patients were doing well with excellent graft function. The longest survival is 2.5 years, and our patient survival rate is 100%. There has been only 1 tumor recurrence, which occurred 4 months after liver transplantation. In conclusion, liver transplantation provides long patient and disease-free survival, even in patients with HCC that exceeds the Milan criteria.     

Expanded criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation

In this study, we evaluated our early results of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Between January 2003 and June 2006, 26 patients (4 women and 22 men; age, 1.1-65 years) with preoperatively diagnosed or incidental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent liver transplantation at our center. Inclusion criteria (independent of tumor size and number of tumor nodules) were no invasion of major vascular structure and no evidence of extrahepatic disease. In 13 of the patients, tumors were beyond the Milan criteria. At this writing, with a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range, 1-31 months), all patients are doing well with excellent graft function. The longest survival is 2.5 years, and our patient survival rate is 100%. There has been only one tumor recurrence that was 4 months after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation provides long patient and disease-free survival, even in patients with HCC that exceeds the Milan criteria.     

Living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a single center analysis of outcomes and impact of different selection criteria

We examined the outcomes of patients who received living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for HCC comparing the impact of up‐to‐seven criteria and Asan Criteria (AC) with Milan Criteria (MC). Between July 2004 and July 2009, of 175 consecutive LDLT, there were 45 consecutive patients with HCC. Forty patients who completed 12 months follow‐up were enrolled. In search for the highest number of expansion, we selected AC as the extended criteria. Patients were divided into having tumors within MC, beyond MC within AC and Beyond Criteria (BC) groups. With a median follow‐up of 46 months, overall 1, 3, and 5 years survival was ?90%, ?81%, and ?70%, respectively. In patients within AC, estimated mean survival was 49.8 vs. 40.5 months for BC group (P = 0.2). Disease‐free survival was significantly higher in patients within AC comparing with BC group; 48.0 vs. 38.6 months (P = 0.04). Preoperative AFP level >400 and poor tumor differentiation were factors adversely effecting recipient survival. On multivariate analysis, the presence of poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.018 RR: 2.48) was the only independent predictor of survival. Extension of tumor size and number to AC is feasible, without significantly compromising outcomes; however, the presence of poor tumor differentiation was associated with worse outcomes after LDLT.     

Expansion of selection criteria for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in living donor liver transplantation.

In the present study, the results of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for 125 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were analyzed to determine optimal criteria exceeding the Milan criteria (MC) but still with predictably good outcomes. On the basis of pretransplant imaging studies, 70 patients met the MC, and 55 patients did not. Patients who exceeded the MC but presented with 相似文献   

Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: further considerations on selection criteria.

The selection criteria in liver transplantation for HCC are a matter of debate. We reviewed our series, comparing two periods: before and after 1996, when we started to apply the Milan criteria. The study population was composed of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of HCC, confirmed by the pathological report and with a survival of >1 year. Preoperative staging as revealed by radiological imagining was distinguished from postoperative data, including the variable of tumor volume. After 1996 tumor recurrences significantly decreased (6 out of 15 cases, 40% vs. 3 out of 48, 6.3%, P < .005) and 5-year patient survival improved (42% vs. 83%, P < .005). Not meeting the Milan criteria was significantly related to higher recurrence rate (37.5% vs. 12.7%, P < .05) and to lower 5-year patient survival (38% vs. 78%, P < .005%) in the preoperative analysis, but not in the postoperative one. The alfa-fetoprotein level of more than 30 ng/dL and the preoperative tumor volume of more than 28 cm3 predicted HCC recurrences in the univariate and mutivariate analysis (P < .005 and P < .05, respectively). The ROC curve showed a linear correlation between preoperative tumor volume and HCC recurrence. Milan criteria significantly reduced tumor recurrences after liver transplantation, improving long-term survival. In conclusion, the efficacy of tumor selection criteria must be analyzed with the use of preoperative data, to avoid bias of the postoperative evaluation. Tumor volume and alfa-fetoprotein level may improve the selection of patients.