多层螺旋CT对主动脉壁内血肿的诊断价值

目的:评价多层螺旋CT诊断主动脉壁内血肿的价值.方法:14例主动脉壁内血肿患者采用多层螺旋CT进行平扫及增强扫描并结合多模式重组如多平面重建、曲面重建等方法显示壁内血肿及穿透溃疡,并参照Stanford分类法进行分型.结果:14例主动脉壁内血肿,2例为A型,12例B型.主要CT表现:①全部病例均见主动脉壁呈半月形或环形增厚,CT平扫时呈高密度,增强后无强化;②内膜钙化向内移位6例;③并发心包、胸腔积液共11例.在多平面重建、曲面重建成像技术中14例均清晰显示血肿部位、厚度、累及范围及有无并发症.结论:多层螺旋CT并结合重组技术能提高诊断主动脉壁内血肿的准确性,具有重要的诊断价值及临床应用价值.     

主动脉壁内血肿的MSCT诊断

目的探讨多层螺旋CT诊断主动脉壁内血肿的价值.材料和方法对15例主动脉壁内血肿患者行多层螺旋CT主动脉造影(MSCTA),并进行图像重建,重建方法包括多平面重组(MPR),容积重建(VR),表面遮盖成像(SSD),最大密度投影(MIP)并分析其表现,评估其诊断价值.结果MSCT/MSCTA显示主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚.增强扫描增厚管壁均未见增强,内膜钙化斑内移8例、主动脉壁溃疡3例、合并胸腔积液3例、心包积液2例.结论MSCT能清晰显示主动脉壁内血肿的特点及范围,对主动脉壁内血肿诊断有重要价值.     

多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的临床价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的临床价值。方法回顾性分析7例主动脉壁内血肿的多层螺旋CT血管成像表现。结果按Stanford分型,A型2例,B型5例。平扫主要表现为主动脉壁新月形或环形稍高密度增厚,内壁光滑,血管成像表现为增厚的主动脉壁无强化,钙化内移2例,伴主动脉粥样硬化4例,胸腔积液1例,主动脉夹层1例。结论多层螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的诊断、鉴别诊断及预后的评估具有重要临床价值。     

主动脉壁内血肿的多层面螺旋CT诊断

目的:评价多层面螺旋CT诊断主动脉壁内血肿的价值.材料和方法:对23例怀疑主动脉病变的患者进行多层面螺旋CT扫描并诊断为主动脉壁内血肿.两名有经验的心血管放射医师按照CT标准做出诊断.使用16排多层面螺旋CT获得1.25mm层厚(1mm重建间隔)图像,应用多平面重建、曲面重建、最大密度投影和容积重建等方法显示壁内血肿及穿透溃疡.结果:23例主动脉壁内血肿中,1例A型,22例B型;B型壁内血肿中,仅累及降主动脉的8例,胸腹主动脉受累11例,局限于腹主动脉3例;11壁内血肿伴主动脉穿透溃疡,其中2例行带膜内支架治疗.结论:多层面螺旋CT能为主动脉壁内血肿的诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗提供重要信息.     

主动脉壁内血肿的64层螺旋CT诊断价值

目的：评价64层螺旋CT对主动脉壁内血肿的价值及优势。方法：采用64层螺旋CT,连续容积增强扫描,对32例主诉急性胸背痛患者行CT检查并诊断为壁内血肿。结果：32例按Stanford分型：A型8例,B型24例。其直接征象：沿主动脉壁的环形或新月形低密度影,无撕裂的内膜片。间接征象：钙化的动脉壁内移10例,溃疡18例,主动脉粥样硬化改变8例。并发胸腔积液3例。结论：螺旋CT血管成像技术可以在无创或微创的情况下清晰地显示壁内血肿,为临床诊断和治疗提供有价值的依据。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断主动脉壁内血肿的临床应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像诊断主动脉壁内血肿的临床应用价值。方法：对30例拟诊主动脉壁内血肿患者行MSCT血管成像。采用容积再现（VR）、多平面重组（MPR）、曲面重组（CPR）及最大密度投影（MIP）重组图像。由两名经验丰富的心血管影像医师评估,明确血肿的部位和范围。结果：30例壁内血肿中Stanford A型1例,Stanford B型29例。合并穿透性动脉粥样硬化性溃疡（PAU）17例,占56.7%。合并胸腔积液8例,心包积液1例。结论：MSCTA能清晰显示病变特征和累及范围,是主动脉壁内血肿重要检查方法。     

128层螺旋CT血管成像在主动脉粥样硬化性溃疡中的应用

目的：通过128层螺旋CT血管成像探讨主动脉粥样硬化性溃疡的影像学特点,提高对该病的认识及诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析52例128层螺旋CT血管成像诊断的主动脉粥样硬化性溃疡,均经介入、手术或保守治疗证实,其中47例以急性主动脉综合征就诊,5例以胸闷、其他部位不适或体检就诊。观察溃疡的部位、形态、大小、深度、数量及周围结构关系。结果：52例患者中单发溃疡48例,多发溃疡4例。52例患者中并发主动脉壁内血肿35例,并发假性动脉瘤2例,并发主动脉夹层2例;30例伴有心包积液或（和）胸腔积液,其中2例为中等量血性胸腔积液。结论：128层螺旋CT血管成像能够对主动脉粥样硬化性溃疡作出准确诊断,可作为该病的首选检查方法。     

主动脉壁内血肿的64层螺旋CT诊断

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT诊断主动脉壁内血肿（AIH）的价值。方法：对25例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行64层螺旋CT检查（连续容积扫描）,均经临床及影像学检查诊断为主动脉壁内血肿。结果：25例AIH患者按Stanford分型,A型2例,B型23例。MSCT征象：25例均见主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚,厚度≥5mm,无内膜破裂形成的双腔主动脉征象。平扫呈高密度11例,高密度为主的混杂密度8例,等密度6例。21例见钙化内移征象,5例可见穿透性溃疡征,动脉粥样硬化性改变18例,内膜渗透3例,血肿分层征象2例。并发心包积液4例,胸腔积液16例,主动脉夹层3例,主动脉瘤2例。结论：MSCT能为主动脉壁内血肿的诊断和治疗提供重要信息,且便于治疗后随访观察,可以作为AIH的首选诊断及随访检查方法。     

64排螺旋CT血管成像对主动脉壁内血肿的临床价值

目的：探讨主动脉壁内血肿的64排螺旋特征及其临床价值。方法对19例壁间血肿患者行64层螺旋C T检查,后处理方法包括容积再现（VR）、多平面重组（MPR）、曲面重组（CPR）及最大密度投影（MIP）。观察并分析主动脉壁内血肿影像学特征及继发改变。结果19例中Standford A型1例,Standford B型18例,平扫呈环形和新月形高密度影分别占4例和15例。壁内钙化内移占12例,增强扫描无强化。并发主动脉溃疡15例,主动脉壁粥样硬化改变14例,内膜渗漏3例;继发胸腔积液6例。结论64排螺旋C T血管成像可作为IM H的重要检查方法。     

主动脉不典型夹层的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对主动脉不典型夹层的诊断和临床应用价值.方法:采用东芝Aquilion 16层螺旋CT扫描机,对21例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行MSCT检查并诊断为主动脉不典型夹层.结果:21例按Stanford分型,A型5例,B型16例.MSCT所见主动脉壁内血肿的直接征象:主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚≥5mm,无内膜破裂形成的双腔主动脉征象.间接征象:钙化内移5例,穿透性溃疡征9例,主动脉壁粥样硬化改变13例,内膜渗漏5例.并发征象:心包积液3例,胸腔积液10例,主要分支血管受累3例,主动脉夹层6例,主动脉瘤2例.结论:MSCT是一种快速、无创的检查方法,能为主动脉不典型夹层的诊断和治疗提供重要信息.MSCT可作为主动脉不典型夹层的首选诊断及随访检查手段.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.