高频彩色多普勒超声对腮腺肿瘤诊断的应用价值

目的：对应用高频彩色多普勒超声进行腮腺肿瘤诊断进行分析,讨论高频彩色多普勒超声对腮腺肿瘤诊断的应用价值。方法对收治的经手术及病理证实的47例患者进行分析,47例患者均进行了高频彩色多普勒超声检查及二维超声检查,对高频彩色多普勒超声和二维超声两种检查方式进行比较,分析对腮腺肿瘤诊断的应用价值。结果腮腺良恶性肿瘤的二维超声声像图无明显特异性,而应用高频彩色多普勒超声进行检查,腮腺瘤内多普血流信号丰富,良恶性肿瘤的血流检测参数有明显表现,两者比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论高频彩色多普勒超声对腮腺良恶肿瘤诊断具有应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对鉴别良恶性肾肿瘤的意义

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）对鉴别肾脏良、恶性肿瘤的意义。方法32例由手术病理证实的肾肿瘤患者（23例肾细胞癌，6例肾盂移行细胞癌，以及3例肾错构瘤）均经CDUS检查，首先分析其二维声像图特征，其次测量其肾动脉峰值血流速度及阻力指数，并将良、恶性患者的测量均值进行比较。结果肾脏良、恶性肿瘤具有不同的声像图特征，恶性肿瘤患者肾动脉峰值流速高于良性肿瘤患者，RI低于良性肿瘤患者。在32例中，CDUS定位诊断准确率为100％，2例恶性肿瘤被误诊为良性肿瘤，2例良性肿瘤被误诊为恶性肿瘤，CDUS的诊断敏感性为93．5％，特异性33．3％，准确性87．5％。结论CDUS，尤其是彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）技术对肾动脉血流参数的检测及对肿瘤内血流分布的评价，在鉴别肾脏良、恶性肿瘤中起重要作用。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺肿瘤的价值

目的：探讨甲状腺肿瘤在彩色多普勒超声显像中的特征及诊断价值。材料和方法：３７４例甲状腺肿瘤患者,术前经超声检查,术后病理证实。结果：①恶性肿瘤钙化率为６０％,高于良性肿瘤。②恶性肿瘤囊变率为２５％。低于良性肿瘤。③恶性肿瘤单侧叶单结节发病高于良性肿瘤。④恶性肿瘤周边晕环内ＣＤＦＩ无血流信号,良性肿瘤晕环内有血流信号显示。⑤恶性肿瘤动脉最高峰值为１６１ｍ／ｓ,良性肿瘤为１４７ｍ／ｓ,两者无明显差异。结论：彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺肿瘤诊断中具有十分重要的价值。     

颌下腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及诊断价值

目的探讨颌下腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的29例颌下腺肿瘤的二维超声图像、彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒频谱特征。结果29例颌下腺肿瘤中,恶性肿瘤约占41.4%(12/29),良性肿瘤约占58.6%(17/29)。本组颌下腺肿瘤超声表现共同特征是颌下三角出现肿块,内部可见实质性或混合性回声团,彩色多普勒超声显示颌下腺恶性肿瘤内部及周边血流信号丰富、杂乱,动脉血流频谱收缩期血流峰值速度(PSV)7.8~24cm/s,阻力指数(RI)0.43~0.94。颌下腺良性肿瘤内部及周边无或偶见点状血流信号。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断颌下腺肿瘤具有较高临床价值。     

腮腺上皮性肿瘤74例临床病理分析

目的：探讨腮腺上皮性肿瘤患者的发病年龄、各肿瘤所占比例及相关的临床病理学特点,提高对腮腺肿瘤的认识。方法对74例腮腺上皮性肿瘤的临床及病理资料进行分析。结果74例病例中,40岁以上中老年人共56例,占75.68％;74例病例中,良性肿瘤60例,占81.08％,恶性肿瘤14例,占18.92％。其中良性以多形性腺瘤多见,占53.33％,其次为腺淋巴瘤,占40.00％。恶性肿瘤以腺泡细胞癌多见,占35.71％。结论74例腮腺上皮性肿瘤中以良性肿瘤多见,良性肿瘤中以多形性腺瘤居多,腺淋巴瘤次之。恶性肿瘤以腺泡细胞癌多见,其次为腺样囊性癌。腮腺肿瘤好发于中老年人,良性多于恶性。     

肝肿瘤灰阶超声造影与彩色多普勒超声检查对比分析

目的 对比灰阶超声造影和彩色多普勒超声在诊断肝肿瘤中的应用价值.资料与方法 34例肝肿瘤患者分别行灰阶超声造影及彩色多普勒超声造影,对血流显示率、微血管血流显示率行临床监测及综合调查分析.结果 灰阶超声造影及彩色多普勒造影血流显示率分别为100.0％ (34/34)、91.2％ (31/34),差异无统计学意义(x2=1.39,P＞0.05)；微血管血流显示率分别为97.1％(33/34)与29.4％ (10/34),差异有统计学意义(x2=33.46,P＜0.01).结论 实时灰阶超声造影法具有对低速血流敏感、对肿瘤微血管的显示敏感、空间分辨力较好、不存在伪像等优势,可用于观察肿瘤实质内的微血管灌注,较多普勒造影法更有助于鉴别诊断肝肿瘤.     

彩色多普勒超声联合肿瘤标志物检测对卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声联合肿瘤标志物CA125、CA199对卵巢恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法：选取2009年1～12月在本院治疗的卵巢恶性肿瘤患者85例,回顾性分析二维超声、彩色多普勒血流显像及血清CA125、CA199水平,并将术前结果与术后病理进行对照。结果：单一的彩色多普勒超声阳性率为88.23%,CA125阳性率91.76%,CA199阳性率21.18%,彩色多普勒超声联合肿瘤标志物的诊断阳性率96.47%,联合检查较单项检查有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：彩色多普勒超声联合血清CA125、CA199检查对卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断临床价值较高,大大提高了卵巢恶性肿瘤阳性诊断率。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺髓样癌的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨乳腺髓样癌的超声表现及临床特征.方法 回顾性分析1 997年～2012年经手术病理证实的乳腺髓样癌12例,术前进行超声检查,术后病理诊断、免疫组化检测,并随机选择同期浸润性导管癌120例进行对比分析.结果 髓样癌超声表现形态规则9例（75％）,浸润性导管癌形态规则46例（38.33％）,x2=6.0343,P=0.014;髓样癌超声表现后方效应增强9例（75％）,浸润性导管癌后方效应增强31例（25.83％）,x2=12.4862,P=0.0004;髓样癌超声表现血流信号丰富5例（55.6％）,浸润性导管癌血流信号丰富51例（42.5％）,x2=0.5809,P=0.446;髓样癌超声表现腋下淋巴结肿大2例（1 6.7％）,浸润性性导管癌腋下淋巴结肿大56例（46.7％）,x2=3.9858,P=0.0459;髓样癌cerb B2表达阳性者3例（25％）,浸润性性导管癌阳性者67例（55.8％）,x2=4.1638,P=0.0413;髓样癌、浸润性性导管癌腋下淋巴结肿大与c-erbB-2表达均存在相关性（P＜0.05）.结论乳腺髓样癌超声特征表现为：体积较大,形态规则,后方效应增强,肿瘤内部血流信号丰富,腋下淋巴结肿大较少,c-erbB-2阴性表达.     

血清一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶与彩色多普勒超声在卵巢癌诊断中的价值

目的 :探讨血清一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)及经阴道、经腹彩色多普勒超声联合应用对早期诊断卵巢癌的价值。方法 :对 97例卵巢肿瘤患者术前抽取空腹静脉血测定血清NO、NOS含量 ,经阴经腹彩色多普勒超声检查肿瘤特性 ,并与术后病理结果对比分析。结果 :恶性肿瘤患者血中NO、NOS含量高于良性肿瘤 (P <0 .0 1) ;彩色多普勒超声检查评分高于良性肿瘤 (≥ 3) ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 1) ;恶性肿瘤内部易显示血流信号 ,RI≤ 0 .5 ,与良性肿瘤差异显著 (P<0 0 1)。结论 :血清一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶及彩色多普勒超声检查联合应用可大大提高卵巢良恶性肿瘤的诊断符合率 ,有助于早期卵巢癌的发现。     

甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声特点分析

目的探讨甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声显像特点,提高诊断准确率。方法对28例经病理证实的甲状腺恶性肿瘤进行二维及彩色多普勒检查。结果20例（71．4％）为实性低回声,15例（52．6％）为单发病灶,结节内微小钙化发生18例（64．3％）,彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）：Ⅲ型血流18例（64．3％）,RI0．64±0．11。结论多数甲状腺恶性肿瘤的超声表现具有特征性,综合分析可提高诊断准确率。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.