阴茎包埋对海绵体内一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的:探讨阴茎包埋对海绵体内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的影响。方法:通过建立大鼠隐匿阴茎模型获得实验标本,分2个月组、4个月组和6个月组进行观测,每组80只大鼠。各阶段中包括包埋组(n=50)、假手术组(n=15)和正常组(n=15)。称量大鼠体重和海绵体重量后,采用化学比色法检测海绵体内NOS活性。结果:各阶段包埋组阴茎海绵体重量、体重及两者的比值与正常组和假手术组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);包埋降低大鼠阴茎海绵体组织的NOS活性(2个月组P>0.05,4个月组P<0.05,6个月组P<0.01)。结论:阴茎包埋可影响海绵体内NOS活性,且与包埋时间呈正相关,但对海绵体外观和重量无明显影响。     

阴茎包埋对海绵体结构和发育的影响

目的探讨阴茎包埋对海绵体结构和发育的影响。方法通过建立隐匿阴茎动物模型获得实验标本，分2个月组、4个月组和6个月组进行观测。检测海绵体质量和大鼠体重，观察发育情况；Masson染色分析海绵体内平滑肌和纤维结缔组织的含量来了解海绵体结构的变化。结果各阶段包埋组动物阴茎海绵体质量、体重及两者的比值与正常组和假手术组两两比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；各阶段中包埋组的海绵体平滑肌面积下降（2个月组P〉0．05，4个月和6个月组P〈0．05），纤维结缔组织面积增加（2个月和4个月组P〉0．05，6个月组P〈0．05）血管窦的面积减少（2个月和4个月组P〉0．05，6个月组P〈0．05），且组织的正常形态发生改变。结论阴茎包埋可影响海绵体内平滑肌和纤维结缔组织的含量及组织排列的正常形态，且与包埋时间正相关，但对海绵体的大体观无明显影响。     

阴茎包埋对海绵体内勃起通路的影响

目的 观察阴茎包埋对海绵体内勃起通路的影响.方法 通过建立大鼠隐匿阴茎模型获得实验标本,分2、4、6个月组进行观测.各阶段中包括包埋组、假手术组和正常组.采用紫外分光光度计检测海绵体内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,免疫组织化学法显示雄激素受体(AR)在海绵体内的表达水平.结果 3个时间段内包埋组NOS活性分别为1.79、1.67、1.24 U/mg·prot,与正常组和对照组比较,酶活性降低随包埋时间延长逐渐显著(2个月组P>0.05,4个月组P<0.05,6个月组P<0.01),但包埋对各阶段大鼠阴茎海绵体内AR表达水平无影响.结论 阴茎包埋可直接影响勃起通路中最重要的神经递质一氧化氮合成的关键酶-NOS的活性来影响勃起通路,且这种影响与阴茎包埋时间正相关.     

阴茎海绵体摺叠术纠正阴茎弯曲畸形

自１９８９年１２月至１９９３年３月对１５例阴茎弯曲患者施行弯曲纠正手术作回顾性分析随访期３个月至３年，平均１６例月。全部病例接受阴茎海绵体摺叠术。即在弯曲的凸面进行缝全以拉直阴茎。３例在手术后３个月至１年复发，需再次手术。１３例对手术效果满意，阴茎挺直、性交时无疼痛或不适。１例出现静脉参漏性阳萎，施行了阴茎深静脉结扎剥脱术。     

阴茎结节性海绵体炎

阴茎结节性海绵体炎李鸣，顾方六１７４３年Ｐｅｙｒｏｎｉｅ描述了阴茎结节性海绵体炎（Ｐｅｙ－ｒｏｎｉｅ病），认为是由淋球菌性尿道炎引起的阴茎硬结。其后虽有大量的病因探讨，但至今尚未明确。阴茎结节性海绵体炎可出现勃起痛，阴茎弯曲和性活动障碍。广泛的纤维组...     

阴茎海绵体摺叠术纠正阴茎弯曲畸形

自１９８９年１２月至１９９３年３月对１５例阴茎弯曲患者施行弯曲纠正手术作回顾性分析，随访期３个月至３年，平均１６个月。全部病例接受阴茎海绵体摺叠术，即在弯曲的凸面进行缝合以拉直阴茎。３例（２０％）在手术后３个月至１年内复发，需再次手术。１３例（８６．６％）对手术效果满意，阴茎挺直，性交时无疼痛或不适。１例（６７％）出现静脉渗漏性阳萎，施行了阴茎深静脉结扎剥脱术。     

去势对大鼠阴茎海绵体功能和结构的影响

目的 :探讨雄激素对阴茎海绵体功能和结构的影响。　方法 :30只成年雄性大白鼠随机分为 3组 :阉割组、替代组及假手术对照组。于 1周后取阴茎海绵体 ,用紫外分光光度计测定其一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)活性 ,同时用ISEL法检测其细胞凋亡情况。　结果 :阉割组海绵体NOS活性下降 70 %并出现细胞凋亡 (P <0 .0 1) ,睾酮替代能阻止NOS活性降低及凋亡的发生 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :雄激素可通过调节NOS活性及细胞的增殖与凋亡而维持阴茎海绵体的结构与功能。     

阴茎海绵体结核一例报告

阴茎结核少见 ,我们收治 1例 ,报告如下。患者 ,5 0岁。 1999年 4月曾行包皮环切术 ,术后 2个月无意中发现阴茎根部背侧局部硬结 ,无疼痛等不适症状 ,排尿无影响 ,阴茎勃起时硬结处局部有紧箍感 ,影响勃起 ,曾用维生素Ｅ等药物治疗 ,硬结无变化。 2 0 0 1年 2月就诊以“阴茎海绵体硬结症”住院。查体 :阴茎外观正常 ,阴茎及包皮表面未见破溃和结节状病灶 ,阴茎根部背侧正中可触及2 .0ｃｍ× 1.5ｃｍ局部硬结 ,其左侧有0 .5ｃｍ× 0 .5ｃｍ小硬结 ,两硬结呈扁平状 ,质地硬 ,表面光滑 ,固定于阴茎海绵体表面 ,与包皮无粘连。患者否认结核病史 …     

阴茎海绵体破裂7例报告

当阴茎勃起时遭受暴力可导致一侧或双侧的阴茎海绵体以及尿道海绵体的破裂。我院于 1989～1999年收治阴茎海绵体破裂 7例 ,报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　临床资料　本文 7例病人 ,年龄 2 3～ 4 7岁 ,平均31.5岁。除 2例意外碰撞损伤 ,其余 5例均因性交不慎所致 ,并闻及破裂声 ,继之阴茎剧烈疼痛 ,肿胀松软。 7例伤后都无排尿困难及肉眼血尿。就诊时间为 6～ 2 6ｈ ,平均 11.3ｈ。 7例均有阴茎弯曲畸形 ,皮下瘀血肿胀 ,其中 2例阴囊皮肤呈紫红色伴肿胀。1.2　处理方法　 1例用粗针穿刺血肿 ,负压抽吸积血 ,留置导尿管 ,加压包扎并以硬纸板做…     

衰老对大鼠阴茎海绵体内皮细胞功能的影响

目的 :探讨衰老对大鼠阴茎海绵体内皮细胞功能的影响。　方法 :利用YH 4压力传感器分别检测了青龄(5个月 )和老龄 (2 0个月 )两组大鼠阴茎海绵体内压 (ICP)在乙酰胆碱 (Ach)、硝普钠 (SNP)和A2 3187作用下的变化 ;并测定了两组大鼠阴茎海绵体一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)的活性。　结果 :青龄组基础ICP为 (9.4± 2 .3)mmHg(1mmHg=0 .133kPa) ,老龄组为 (7.2± 1.7)mmHg,二者间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。在浓度分别为 10 -6、10 -5、10 -4mol/L的Ach作用下 ,两组大鼠ICP值间差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。当Ach浓度为 10 -4mol/L时 ,两组大鼠ICP值达到最高 ,青龄组为 (5 4 .8± 4 .2 )mmHg ,老龄组为 (40 .3± 2 .8)mmHg。A2 3187(10 μmol/L)可以进一步提高老龄组ICP值 ,由(40 .3± 2 .8)mmHg上升到 (5 6 .2± 4 .1)mmHg ,两者间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;青龄组提高不明显 ,由 (5 4 .8± 4 .2 )mmHg上升到 (5 5 .8± 4 .7)mmHg ,两者间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。在SNP(10 -4mol/L)作用下青龄组ICP值为(5 8.9± 4 .7)mmHg ,老龄组为 (5 1.7± 5 .3)mmHg ,两者间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。两组大鼠阴茎海绵体内NOS的活性差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。　结论 :大鼠阴茎海绵体内皮细胞对内皮细胞激动剂     

Leiomyoma of the corpus cavernosum of the penis

While soft tissue tumors can occur in the penis, corpus cavernous tumors are rare. Reported cases of corpus cavernous tumors are from metastases of advanced malignancy, such as cancers of the bladder, prostate, rectosigmoid colon, kidney, pancreas, liver, testis and nasopharynx. Primary corpus cavernous tumors are extremely rare and have possibly never been reported before. Herein, we report a case of leiomyoma of the corpus cavernosum. After the diagnosis of leiomyoma was established, total excision of the tumor was not attempted and the tumor remained unchanged in size and shape over a follow-up period of 15 months.     

Electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum in denervated rats

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum after intracavernous papaverine injection in rats that had been denervated experimentally. METHODS: Twenty-four male adult Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: (i) controls (n=8) (ii) unilateral cavernous nerve resection on the right side (n=8); and (iii) bilateral cavernous nerve resection (n=8). Through a suprapubic incision, the urinary bladder was retracted laterally to locate the major pelvic plexus on the lateral surface of the prostate. The major branch of the cavernous nerve, running caudally from the pelvic plexus, was isolated and excised using an operating microscope. Three weeks later, recording of the electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum (EACC) was performed by using a Neuropack-2 EMG unit (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan) and coencentric needle electrode. Changes in amplitude were evaluated before and after intracavernosal papaverine injection. The results in the flaccid state and after papaverine injection were compared by using the Mann Whitney U-test in all three groups and paired t-test between groups. RESULTS: In the flaccid penis, the mean (+/- SD) amplitude of electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum was 17.42+/-2.05, 12.42+/-1.88, 9.71+/-1.59 and 5.85+/-0.96 microV in control rats, in unilaterally denervated rats (in which the cavernous nerve was intact on the left side), in unilaterally denervated rats in which the cavernous nerve was resected on the right side and in bilaterally denervated rats, respectively. In the flaccid state, EACC is lower in the bilaterally denervated group than in the control and unilaterally nerve-resected groups (P < or = 0.05). The recording of electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum was continued for 20 min after papaverine injection. In the control group and in both groups of unilaterally denervated rats, we observed a significant decrease in the electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum in the first 5 min after papaverine injection (P < or = 0.05). However, no difference was observed in bilaterally denervated rats after injection (P > or = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that electrical activity of the corpus cavernosum continues after unilateral nerve injury in rats. Cross-innervation may play a role in penile innervation and corpus cavernosum electromyography shows electrical activity in denervated rats.     

Bilateral disruption of corpus cavernosum with complete urethral rupture

Penile fracture is a relatively rare condition. We report an unusual case of the bilateral disruption of the corpus cavernosum with complete urethral rupture resulting from blunt trauma during sexual intercourse. The subject underwent emergency surgery with preservation of erectile and voiding functions in the follow-up.     

The participation of adenosine receptors in the adenosine 5''-triphosphate-induced relaxation in the isolated rabbit corpus cavernosum penis

AIM: To investigate the participation of adenosine receptors in the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-induced relaxation in the corpus cavernosum penis (CCP) of rabbits. METHODS: The ATP-induced relaxation was assessed on the noradrenaline precontracted CCP of rabbits in the presence and absence of 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC); an adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist; alloxazine and MRS1754; adenosine A(2B) receptor antagonists; and ARL67156, an inhibitor of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases. RESULTS: Adenosine and ATP relaxed the noradrenaline precontracted CCP of rabbits in a concentration-dependent manner. The adenosine- and ATP-induced relaxations were suppressed by alloxazine and MRS1754, but not by 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine. ARL67156 potentiated the ATP-induced relaxation but not the adenosine-induced one. MRS1754 suppressed the ATP-induced relaxation potentiated by ARL67156. CONCLUSIONS: The above results suggest that, in the CCP of rabbits, the adenosine receptor mediating adenosine-induced relaxation is of the A(2B) receptor and the ATP directly causes relaxation through the A(2B) receptor on the CCP.     

Application of correlation techniques in the analysis of corpus cavernosum electromyographic signals

Aim： To establish an objective, easy-to-use and comprehensive method to analyze corpus cavernosum electromyo- graphic signals （CC-potentials）. Methods： CC-potentials were recorded during flaccidity in 23 young healthy volunteers, with surface electrodes placed on the penile shaft bilaterally. Based on the correlation function of Matlab software, an application program for the analysis of CC-potentials was developed. Individual CC-potentials and their autocorrelation function were evaluated, yielding parameters amplitude （A）, duration （D）, and dominant frequency （DF）. The crosscorrelation function of both longitudinal and bilateral pairs of adjacent electrodes was calculated to assess the similar- ity and mutual delay of CC-potentials recorded simultaneously from different parts of the CC. The parameters derived were squared maximum cross-correlation coefficient （Rmax） and delay （τ）. Based on the absolute value of τ and the corresponding inter-electrode distance, propagation velocity （PV） was calculated. Results. The values of the parameters were determined automatically. No significant difference related to the locations of the electrodes for parameters A, D, and DF was detected. The cross-correlation showed that both longitudinal and bilateral CC-potential pairs had highly similar waveforms （the absolute values of Rmax were 0.80 ± 0.05 and 0.87 ± 0.06, respectively）. PV of longitudinal pairs was estimated as 6.15 ± 3.98 cm/s. Conclusion： The application program for correlation analysis of CC-potentials is a comprehensive and versatile method to analyze corpus cavernosum electromyographic recordings. Its objectiveness makes multi-center application possible.     

低氧对SD大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌纤维化的影响

目的:探讨低氧对SD大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌纤维化的影响。方法:体外培养阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞,免疫组化鉴定细胞;常规氧浓度(21%O2浓度)分别培养12、24、48、72h作为对照,低氧(1%O2浓度)干预12、24、48、72h,RT-PCR分别测定各组TGF-β1、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原的相对表达量。结果:体外培养的阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞生长良好,抗平滑肌α-肌动蛋白单克隆抗体免疫组化染色阳性;RT-PCR结果提示TGF-β1、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原的相对表达量在48h内与低氧时间成正相关,时间进一步延长不能增加其相对表达量。结论:在低氧环境下,SD大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌细胞的TGF-β1、Ⅰ型胶原、Ⅲ型胶原的相对表达量随时间的延长逐渐增加,48h达到最大值。低氧可导致SD大鼠阴茎海绵体平滑肌纤维化。     

Alterations in nNOS-containing nerve fibers in corpus cavernosum of spontaneous hypertension rats

Objective: To investigate the alterations in nNOS containing nerve fibers in corpus cavernosum of spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). Methods: Twelve male SHR and 12 male WKY rats, both aged 6 weeks, were separately divided into 4- and 12-week observation groups at random. At the end of the observation period, the erectile function was assessed and the number of cavernosal nNOS containing nerve fibers determined. Results: Significant differences existed in the erection frequency and the number of nNOS containing nerve fibers between the SHR rats and the WKY controls (P< 0.01); there was also a significant difference in the numbers of nNOS containing nerve fibers between the SHR 4- and 12-week observation groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The erectile function and the number of nNOS containing nerve fibers were significantly reduced in SHR rats. The decrease in nNOS containing nerve fibers may be one of the mechanisms underlying erectile dysfunction in hypertensive rats.     

Relaxation mechanisms of neferine on the rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue in vitro

Aim： To investigate the relaxation mechanisms of neferine （Nef） on the rabbit corpus cavemosum tissue in vitro. Methods： Strips of rabbit corpus cavemosum were mounted in organ chambers. The effects of Nef were examined on isolated muscle strips precontracted with phenylephrine （PE） alone, in the presence of NW-nitro-L-arginine （LNNA, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor）, 1-H-[ 1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-tx]quinoxalin- 1-one （ODQ, a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor）, indomethacin （cyclooxygenase inhibitor）, tetraethylammonium （Ca^2＋ -activated K^＋ channel blocker）, 4-aminopiridine （4-AP ,voltage dependent K^＋ channel blocker） and glibenclamide （ATP sensitive K^＋channel blocker）. The effects of Nef on KCl-induced contraction of isolated muscle strips were also investigated. The procedure of calcium absencecalcium addition was designed to observe the effect of Nef on two components of the contractile responses to PE based on the source of Ca^2＋ （extracellular vs. intracellular）. Results： Corpus cavemosum strips relaxed in response to Nef （10-9-10-4 mol/L） in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 4.60 × 10^-6 mol/L. However, they were not affected by LNNA, ODQ, indomethacin or K^＋-channel blockers. Nef （10^-6 mol/L, 10^-5 mol/L） concentration dependently reduced the maximal contraction response of isolated strips induced by KC1 to 79.3% ± 5.5% and 61.5% ±3.2%, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. In the calcium absence-calcium addition procedure, Nef 10.5 mol/L inhibited both intracellular calcium-dependent and extracellular calcium-dependent contraction induced by PE （2 × 10^5 mol/L） （P 〈 0.05）. The inhibition ratios were 26.2% ± 5.4% and 48.3% ±7.6%, respectively. Conclusion： The results of the present study suggest that Nef possesses a relaxant effect on rabbit corpus cavemosum tissues, which is attributable to the inhibition of extracellular Ca^2＋ influx and the inhibition of release of intracellular stored Ca^2＋, but not mediated by the