半水合雌二醇贴剂治疗绝经期症状的临床观察

目的:评价半水合雌二醇贴荆(松奇)治疗绝经期症状的安全性、有效性和药物不良反应.方法:60例绝经期妇女,血清FSH>30 U/L,E_2<109.8 pmol/L,随机分为实验组和对照组.实验组30例,连续使用半水合雌二醇贴剂,每7日更换1次,并每日口服甲羟孕酮2 mg;对照组30例,每日口服戊酸雌二醇1.5 mg,甲羟孕酮2 mg;两组连续治疗12周.用药前及用药12周观察绝经症候群,测血清E_2、FSH、脂蛋白、凝血功能,并观察安全性指标及药物不良反应.结果:两组绝经相关症状评分Kupperman指数有明显降低,绝经症候群有极显著改善,两组E_2均值有明显升高.肝、肾功能,凝血功能及血糖无明显变化;实验组用药后脂蛋白a[Lp(a)]值明显下降,血脂谱其余各项均无明显变化.两组其他安全性指标差异无统计学意义.结论:半水合雌二醇贴剂治疗绝经期症状是安全、有效的,尤其适用于不适宜选择口服途径用药的妇女.     

经皮雌二醇凝胶对手术绝经妇女凝血功能、血脂及T淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

目的:研究经皮雌二醇凝胶对手术绝经妇女的凝血功能、血脂、T淋巴细胞凋亡的影响。方法:选取手术绝经、自然绝经1～5年内以及生育年龄妇女各15例,采外周静脉血检测,并分离出T淋巴细胞,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。手术绝经组共有13例使用经皮雌二醇凝胶治疗3个月,用药前后采外周静脉血检测,并采用"改良Kup-perman评分法"和"绝经期生存质量量表"评估围绝经症状和生存质量。结果:手术绝经和自然绝经妇女的血清E2水平显著低于生育年龄组,FSH水平显著高于生育年龄组(P<0.01),T淋巴细胞凋亡率显著高于生育年龄组(P<0.05)。手术绝经组用经皮雌二醇凝胶治疗3个月后,血清E2水平从(8.38±9.49)pg/ml升至(27.23±24.11)pg/ml(P<0.05),改良Kupperman评分从(19.46±6.70)降至(14.46±4.46)、绝经期生存质量量表评分从(37.31±8.92)降至(23.77±9.69)(P均<0.01);活化部分凝血酶时间从用药前(24.85±1.77)s升至(28.31±3.43)s(P<0.05);甘油三酯水平从(2.56±0.90)mmol/L降至(1.78±0.96)mmol/L、低密度脂蛋白水平从(2.99±0.72)mmol/L降至(2.73±0.58)mmol/L(P均<0.05),T淋巴细胞凋亡率从用药前(14.89±2.28)%降至(13.96±2.38)%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:经皮雌激素治疗(ET)显著升高了手术绝经妇女血清E2水平,显著改善了围绝经期症状和生存质量,并且凝血功能和脂代谢也有一定的改善。经皮ET有降低手术绝经妇女T淋巴细胞凋亡的趋势,提示低剂量ET可能有保护免疫功能的作用。     

绝经的诊断：阴道pH与卵泡刺激素相仿

为证明阴道pH是否可代替卵泡刺激素（FSH）诊断绝经，根据16例患者泌尿生殖系统症状使用雌激素替代治疗（ERT）前后测定阴道pH的报道，研究分析患者用ERT的适应证及使用ERT前后测定pH的值。方法：用试纸置于阴道侧壁浸湿变色后立即与与标准色表比较测出pH值。共识别309例绝经妇女（已闭经12个月、FSH〉22．9IU／L或雌二醇（E：）〈40pg／mL的阴道pH显示与E2相关。     

雌激素替代治疗对绝经后妇女血清一氧化氮和脑血流的影响

目的 :探讨雌激素替代治疗对绝经后妇女大脑中动脉血流的影响及其作用机制。方法 :接受结合型雌激素 0 .6 2 5mg d治疗 3个月的绝经后妇女 2 5例 ,于治疗前后对比观察血清雌二醇 (E2 )、一氧化氮 (NO)及大脑中动脉搏动指数 (PI)变化。结果 :ERT治疗3个月后血清E2 、NO浓度较治疗前明显升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,而大脑中动脉PI明显降低 (P<0 .0 1)。同时 ,服药前后NO升高与PI降低有显著相关性 (r =0 .56 ,P <0 .0 5)。结论 :ERT可增加脑血流量 ,其机制可能与NO水平升高有关     

围绝经期和绝经后女性雌二醇和卵泡刺激素水平与骨密度的关系

目的研究围绝经期女性血清雌二醇(E2)及卵泡刺激素(FSH)变化规律及其与腰椎、髋部、股骨颈骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)之间的关系。方法采用化学发光法测定402例就诊于北京友谊医院妇产科更年期门诊的40～65岁健康中国汉族女性早卵泡期或绝经后任意时期空腹血清E2和FSH水平,并采用双光能X线DXA测定其腰椎、总髋部、股骨近端BMD,分析血清E2和FSH与BMD的关系。结果低骨量组血清FSH水平显著高于正常组(P<0.05),E2水平显著低于正常组(P<0.05)。E2与BMD变化呈正相关(r=0.017～0.42,P<0.05);FSH与BMD变化呈负相关(r=-0.012～-0.94,P<0.05)。绝经后低骨量组FSH高于正常组,而E2无明显变化。结论血清E2和FSH水平与绝经前后妇女的BMD有关,绝经后FSH与BMD进一步丢失有关,而低水平雌激素可能不再是继续影响骨量的主要因素。     

绝经过渡期妇女性激素与胰岛素敏感性的改变

目的:观察中老年妇女性激素和胰岛素敏感性与月经状态的关系。方法:年龄40~70岁妇女166例,分为5组:月经规律组、绝经过渡期早期组、绝经过渡期晚期组、绝经早期组和绝经中晚期组。分别测定雌二醇(E2)、雌酮(E1)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(INS),并计算游离睾酮(FT)及胰岛素作用指数(IAI)。结果:(1)T和FT在绝经过渡期早期组较其他各组有显著升高(P<0.05),在绝经中晚期组较绝经过渡期有显著降低(P<0.05)。E1/E2从绝经过渡期早期即上升,至绝经中晚期显著升高(P<0.05)。FSH从绝经过渡期早期组即显著升高。SHBG各组之间无显著性差异;(2)各组之间FBG和IAI无显著性差异。INS在绝经过渡期早期组显著升高,与绝经后比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);(3)T与E1、FBG和INS正相关,与年龄、FSH和IAI负相关,与E2不相关。结论:妇女在绝经过渡期早期,T、FT显著升高;INS显著升高,但FBG和IAI没有明显变化。     

绝经后妇女的雌激素替代治疗——药物剂量是否过大

雌激素替代治疗(ERT)对绝经后妇女保持健康和功能发挥重要作用。当血清雌二醇(E_2)水平大于100pg/ml时,可控制症状,防止骨质丢失并有保护心脏的作用。但雌激素浓度过高可导致显著的副作用和并发症。为研究绝经后妇女口服2mgE_2和1mg雌三醇(E_3)后雌激素的药物动力学,选择26     

性激素替代治疗对手术绝经患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的 :探讨性激素替代治疗对手术绝经患者血管内皮细胞的保护作用。方法 :5 1例手术绝经患者分为性激素替代治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组给予雌激素加孕激素联合口服 9月。两组在实验前后测定血浆总胆固醇 (Tch)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)、低密度脂蛋白 (L DL) ,一氧化氮 (NO) ,血管性假血友病因子 (v WF) ,FSH、E2 。超声多普勒进行肱动脉充血试验。结果 :治疗组用药后 ,与对照组相比 ,Tch、L DL、v WF、FSH明显降低 ,HDL、E2 、NO明显升高 ,肱动脉内径舒张百分比明显增加。结论 :性激素替代治疗可以改善手术绝经患者血管内皮细胞功能     

戊酸雌二醇对绝经后妇女脂代谢的影响

目的了解戊酸雌二醇对绝经后妇女脂代谢的影响。方法本文选取2013年1月~2014年1月本院收治的绝经后妇女为治疗组,未绝经妇女为观察组,各31例,并测定两组患者治疗前、治疗后的脂代谢变化(血脂、雌二醇、身高、体重以及血压)。结果治疗组患者在血总胆固醇(TC)和甘油三酯(TG)方面优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论戊酸雌二醇在治疗绝经后妇女脂代谢方面,具有十分重要的临床意义。     

围绝经期妇女血清性激素水平与自由基、血脂含量的变化

目的 :观察围绝经期妇女血清性激素的变化及其与自由基、血脂的关系 ,探讨绝经后冠心病发生率上升与性激素变化的可能机制。方法 :调查对象为 4 0岁以上的妇女 ,按月经情况分为 3组 ,第 1组为月经正常者 ,第 2组为月经紊乱者 ,第 3组为绝经者 ,分别测定血清中雌二醇 (E2 )、卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、催乳激素 (PRL)、血脂、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)、一氧化氮 (NO)含量。结果 :血清E2 、FSH水平 2、3组与 1组间差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1和P <0 .0 0 1) ,第 3组受检者血脂升高 ,血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、载脂蛋白 (ApoB)明显高于第 1组 (P <0 .0 1) ,同时血清SOD、MDA含量两组间也存在明显差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :围绝经期女性体内性激素紊乱 ,至绝经后更为明显 ,同时伴有血脂紊乱和抗氧化能力降低 ,可能是绝经后妇女冠心病发病率升高的主要因素     

Effect of oestrogen replacement therapy on serum lipid profile

BACKGROUND: Oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women alters the lipid metabolism unfavourably. AIM: To evaluate the effects of oral and transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy (ORT) on serum lipid profile. METHODS: Ninety hysterectomised and oophorectomised women were randomised into three equal groups (no hormones; oral conjugated equine oestrogen, 0.625 mg/day; transdermal oestradiol patches, 50 microg/day). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were determined at the baseline and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. Student's t-test was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS: Most of the hysterectomised women had abnormal serum lipid profile, especially HDL cholesterol levels (less than 40 mg/dL in 87%). A significant decline in the levels of serum cholesterol (total) as well as LDL and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol levels were observed following ORT by both modes, the response being comparatively rapid with oral route. After 3 and 6 months, the number of cases with HDL cholesterol levels above 40 mg/dL increased from initial 13 to 63% and 87% (oral) and 30 and 60% (transdermal), respectively. Serum triglyceride levels declined significantly with transdermal therapy but increased with oral ORT. CONCLUSIONS: Oestrogen replacement therapy either via oral or transdermal route has a beneficial effect on serum lipid profile of menopausal women. Whereas the oral route is more effective in increasing HDL cholesterol levels, the transdermal route is better for reducing the serum triglyceride level; hence, the latter should be the route of choice in women with high serum triglyceride levels.     

A randomised comparison of the effects of oral versus transdermal 17beta-oestradiol, each combined with sequential oral norethisterone acetate, on serum lipoprotein levels.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of oral versus transdermal 17beta-oestradiol, given in both cases with sequential addition of oral norethisterone acetate, on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. DESIGN: Open, randomised, parallel groups study. SETTING: University Clinical Research Group. POPULATION: Sixty-four postmenopausal women with climacteric complaints who were otherwise healthy were screened. Of these, 58 fulfilled the entry criteria. METHODS: Fifty-eight postmenopausal women were randomised to receive either oral 17beta-oestradiol/oestriol (Trisequens) or transdermal 17beta-oestradiol (Estrapak) together with cyclical addition of norethisterone acetate for 48 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein(a) at baseline, and after 46 weeks (oestrogen-alone phase), and 48 weeks (oestrogen-progestogen phase) of treatment. RESULTS: Oral oestradiol therapy did not affect serum total cholesterol levels during the oestrogen-alone phase, but during the combined phase there was a 5% fall (P < 0.05) due to a 7% decrease in LDL cholesterol levels (P < 0.01). Oral therapy also increased serum triglyceride levels by 9.4% during the oestrogen-alone phase (P < 0.05). During the combined phase of transdermal therapy, there was a 19% fall in serum triglyceride levels (P < 0.05) and a 6% fall in HDL levels (P < 0.05). Oral oestradiol reduced lipoprotein(a) levels by 31% during the oestrogen-alone phase and by 37% with norethisterone acetate addition (P < 0.05). Transdermal therapy had no significant effect on lipoprotein(a). CONCLUSIONS: Other than a minor fall in HDL3 in women receiving transdermal 17beta-oestradiol, coadministration of oral progestogen in general improved, rather than worsened, this serum lipoprotein profile.     

血脂水平与体外受精周期胚胎质量的相关性初步研究

目的:研究不孕症患者血脂水平与体外受精(IVF/ICSI)胚胎质量的相关性。方法:对行IVF/ICSI治疗、符合纳入标准的646例不孕症患者的资料进行回顾性分析,测定、分析血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、非高密度脂蛋白(nonHDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]水平与胚胎质量的关系。血脂水平和IVF/ICSI胚胎质量相关性采用Spearman相关分析。结果:患者年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础FSH、窦卵泡数、Gn用量及血脂水平临床妊娠组和非临床妊娠组之间均无统计学差异;受精率、卵裂数、优质胚胎数和优质胚胎率临床妊娠组均显著高于未临床妊娠组(P<0.05)。血脂水平和IVF/ICSI胚胎质量相关分析显示:TG和TC与卵子数、受精数及卵裂数均显著负相关,TC、LDL及nonHDL与优质胚胎数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),其余均无统计学意义。结论:血脂水平临床妊娠组与未临床妊娠组间均无统计学差异;IVF/ICSI胚胎质量与TC、LDL及nonHDL呈显著负相关。     

雌三醇栓治疗老年性阴道炎90例临床分析

目的 了解雌三醇栓阴道给药对老年性阴道炎的临床治疗效果。方法 对１３５例老年性阴道炎妇女随机分成两组：９０例治疗组每日将含２ｍｇ的雌三醇栓１枚,连用８周;４５例对照组用药为含０．３１２５ｍｇ倍美力的倍美力软膏,用法同治疗组。结果 治疗组和对照组用药后,Ｋｕｐｐｅｍａｎ评分明显下降,阴道健康评分显著升高,血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）水平上升至卵泡早期水平,总胆固醇（ＴＧ）下降,甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及低密度脂 白（     

Androgen and lipid profiles in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome who were treated with two forms of combined oral contraceptives

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of cyproterone acetate and desogestrel, as part of combined oral contraceptives, on lipid metabolism and hirsutism of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient gynecology clinic (referral center) of a university. PATIENT(S): Twenty-eight adolescent girls with clinical and biological hyperandrogenism and six or less menses during the past 12 months. INTERVENTION(S): Group A (n = 14) received 0.15 mg of desogestrel plus 0.030 mg of ethinyl estradiol daily. Group B (n = 14) received 2 mg of cyproterone acetate plus 0.035 mg of ethinyl estradiol daily. Treatment was given for 21 days followed by a 7-day rest for a period of 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hirsutism and lipid profile were evaluated before initiation and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment. Androgen profile was evaluated before and at 12 months of treatment. RESULT(S): A significant decline of the Ferriman-Gallway hirsutism score was observed from the sixth month of therapy in both groups. During therapy, the levels of testosterone, free testosterone, Delta(4)-androstenedione, and 17OH-progesterone decreased significantly, whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) increased significantly in both groups. The level of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol increased significantly, whereas high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I increased significantly from the third month of therapy in both groups. Total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios remained unchanged. The levels of triglycerides increased significantly in the cyproterone acetate-treated group after the third month. CONCLUSION(S): Treatment of adolescent girls with PCOS with the two studied formulations is comparably effective in decreasing hirsutism and androgen levels. Both combined oral contraceptives are associated with an increase of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels and no change of the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratios. Treatment with the cyproterone acetate combined oral contraceptive is associated with a tendency toward increasing the levels of triglycerides.     

Lipid effects of hormone replacement therapy with sequential transdermal 17-beta-estradiol and oral dydrogesterone

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects on lipid and lipoprotein levels of a combination therapy of matrix patch and oral sequential dydrogesterone. METHODS: The lipid effects of transdermal estradiol (E2) (80 microg/day continuously) and oral dydrogesterone (10 mg from days 15-28 of each cycle) were assessed in a multicenter, prospective, open, baseline-controlled study. Subjects were 42 healthy, postmenopausal women who had not had hysterectomies. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline, day 14 of cycle 3 (estrogen alone), and day 25 of cycle 6 (estrogen and progestogen). The main outcome measures were changes from baseline in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides after six cycles. RESULTS: Thirty-six subjects completed six cycles and in the 28 with complete data, HDL cholesterol increased by 10.6% from 65.25 to 72.2 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.32, 11.58, P = .005) and LDL cholesterol fell by 5.1% from 130.9 to 124.3 mg/dL (95% CI 13.9, 1.16, P = .07). There was a nonsignificant decrease in LDL cholesterol from 130.9 at baseline to 124.3 mg/dL at 6 months and in triglycerides from 110.6 to 107.1 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: Sequential treatment with transdermal E2 and oral dydrogesterone increased HDL cholesterol, without the accompanying increase in triglycerides that occurs with oral estrogen replacement therapy.     

Effects of soy isoflavones on menopausal neurovegetative symptoms

AIM: Dietary soy supplementation may reduce the incidence of hot flushes in postmenopausal women due to the presence of phytoestrogens in soy foods. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 3-month administration of different doses of either oral or transdermal soy isoflavones on climacteric complaints in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Sixty postmenopausal women were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: groups A and B received 50 mg/day or 75 mg/day of oral isoflavones respectively, while groups C and D received 6 mg/day or 12 mg/day of transdermal isoflavones. A control group (group E) was composed of 15 patients that did not receive any treatment. Hot flushes, Kupper-man index and vaginal dryness at baseline and then after 5, 9 and 13 weeks were evaluated. RESULTS: The isoflavone treatment led to a progressive significant (p<0.01) reduction of the number of hot flushes in the groups A, B and D with a dose-related effect in group D. At week 13, the Kupperman index and hot flush score decreased significantly in all the treated groups, while vaginal dryness score was reduced only in group B. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that both oral and transdermal soy isoflavones are effective to attenuate slight to moderate menopausal neurovegetative symptoms with a dose-related effect.     

Treatment of hirsutism with ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel contraceptive pills has beneficial effects on the lipid profile and improves insulin sensitivity

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects on the lipid pattern and insulin sensitivity of hirsute women of an oral contraceptive pill containing 30 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 microg of desogestrel. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Tertiary care institutional hospital. PATIENT(S): 16 hirsute women. INTERVENTION(S): Women were evaluated at baseline and after receiving six cycles of oral contraceptive therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Body mass index (BMI); hirsutism score (nine body areas); serum levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), and serum adrenal and ovarian androgens; and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULT(S): The mean serum total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels increased after six cycles of oral contraceptive therapy. Levels of HDL cholesterol were < 50 mg/dL in 7 of the 16 patients at baseline; these levels normalized in 4 patients after treatment. Serum total and LDL cholesterol remained within the normal range in all patients before and after therapy. No significant changes were observed in serum triglyceride, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a) concentrations. Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance as analyzed by homeostasis model assessment were reduced significantly after therapy. No changes in BMI were observed. Administration of oral contraceptive pills signifiCantly reduced the hirsutism score and hyperandrogenemia. CONCLUSION(S): Oral contraceptive pills containing low-dose ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel are effective in controlling hyperandrogenism and hirsutism and ameliorate the abnormal metabolic profile of women with hirsutism.     

Equine estrogen-dydrogesterone therapy in the management of postmenopausal women

The clinical and metabolic effects of equine estrogen and dydrogesterone combined therapy were investigated in twenty healthy women aged 45 to 59 years with menopausal complaints. Equine estrogens (0.625 mg per day) were given for 2 months, then dydrogesterone (20 mg daily) was cyclically added for 12 days per month, during an additional period of 6 months. The combination was very efficacious in reducing complaints, with a limited number of side effects. Blood pressure, body weight and cervical smears were unaffected. No influence on glucose tolerance, liver or blood coagulation parameters was seen. A VLDL cholesterol decrease of 41% and an increase in apo AI concentrations of 41% was observed. Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol remained almost unaltered, as well as the total:HDL cholesterol ratio. We conclude that the use of the equine estrogen-dydrogesterone combination provides an efficacious, acceptable and probably safe therapy for menopausal complaints.