早期精神分裂症患者静息态脑功能低频振幅研究

目的:通过静息态功能磁共振探讨早期精神分裂症患者脑功能低频振幅变化。方法:对首次发病未用药早期精神分裂症患者(急性期组)、经药物治疗临床症状缓解的早期精神分裂症首次发病患者(缓解期组)以及性别、年龄、受教育年匹配的健康对照者(对照组)各17例,进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,并计算低频振幅(ALFF),比较3组ALFF变化。结果:三组间ALFF有差异的脑区为左侧直回、梭状回/舌回、右侧颞下回、左侧顶叶、枕叶、楔叶、中央后回、小脑;与健康对照组相比,两病例组ALFF降低的脑区集中在左侧半球,为左侧顶叶小叶,左侧颞下回;而缓解期与急性期组相比,ALFF增加的脑区为右侧壳核,ALFF降低的脑区为直回、楔前叶、梭状回/舌回、左侧颞叶、左侧中央前回和后回、左侧枕中回。结论:精神分裂症患者早期阶段存在多个脑区静息态低频振幅异常,低频振幅降低的脑区主要分布在左侧大脑半球。     

男性偏执型精神分裂症患者静息态功能磁共振脑自发低频振幅的变化

目的:利用静息态功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)技术观察男性偏执型精神分裂症患者脑自发低频振幅(ALFF)的变化。方法:对36例男性偏执型精神分裂症患者(病例组)和19名年龄、利手、性别、受教育程度相匹配的健康者(对照组)进行静息态fMRI扫描;分析两组全脑各区域ALFF的差异。结果:与对照组比较,病例组双侧额中回、右颞中回、右顶下回、左中央前回ALFF明显减低;右颞上回、双侧颞下回、左枕下回ALFF明显增强(P均0.01)。结论:男性偏执型精神分裂症患者脑部广泛区域存在ALFF异常。     

首发未用药精神分裂症与精神分裂症患者健康子女静息态脑功能低频振幅研究

目的探讨首发未用药精神分裂症患者和精神分裂症患者健康子女脑功能磁共振低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)的共性与差异。方法应用静息态功能磁共振ALFF的方法对年龄30岁的23例首发未用药精神分裂症患者、25名精神分裂症患者健康子女以及29名健康对照进行大脑范围内ALFF值比较。结果与对照组相比,患者组和患者子女组在左侧颞下回后部、左侧海马旁回、左侧海马、右侧中央后回、双侧楔前叶的ALFF值有统计学差异(P0.05),而患者组和患者子女组间在以上脑区的ALFF值无统计学差异(P0.05);与患者子女组和对照组相比,患者组在左侧颞下回前部、左侧颞上极、双侧距状裂周围皮层的ALFF值有统计学差异(P0.05),患者子女组和对照组间在以上脑区的ALFF值无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论首发未用药精神分裂症患者以及精神分裂症患者健康子女都存在脑功能异常;左侧颞下回后部、左侧海马旁回、左侧海马、右侧中央后回、双侧楔前叶可能是与精神分裂症遗传素质性相关的脑区;左侧颞下回前部、左侧颞上极、双侧距状裂周围皮层可能是与疾病状态性相关的脑区。     

强迫症首次发病未服药患者脑静息态低频振幅研究

目的 探讨强迫症首次发病未服药患者静息脑神经活动的特点.方法 采用磁共振成像低频振幅(ALFF)方法,对昆明医学院第一附属医院22例强迫症患者(患者组)和22名健康志愿者(对照组)静息态脑血氧水平依赖(BOLD)信号活动的改变进行分析;采用功能磁共振成像技术进行数据采集,计算出各受试者的ALFF值;采用两样本t检验,以P<0.001水平统计患者组与对照组的差异.结果 与对照组比较,患者组BOLD信号ALFF改变只存在增高的区域,主要分布在左前扣带回和左中扣带回;未发现患者组左前中扣带回的ALFF值与病程(r=0.004,P=0.985)、年龄(r=0.090,P=0.689)和受教育程度(r=0.048,P=0.831)、Yale-Brown强迫量表总分(r=0.007,P=0.977)、强迫思维分量表分(r=0.140,P=0.530)和强迫行为分量表分(r=0.100,P=0.660)的相关性.结论 静息状态下强迫症患者脑神经活动的ALFF存在异常,ALFF增高可能反映了患者大脑异常的情绪及行为监控.

Abstract：

Objective To study the changes of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the resting-fMRI in the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Methods The resting-fMRI data of 22 OCD patients and 22 healthy controls were performed ALFF analysis. The amplitude of the blood oxygenation level dependent activation of the resting-state brain was investigated. Results The increased ALFF was only found in first-episode, drug-native OCD group compared with controls. The regions with increased ALFF were the left anterior cingulate and left middle cingulate gyrus (P<0. 001, corrected,K≥33). No significant correlations between ALFF value in these regions and course of disease (r = 0. 004,P = 0. 985) , age (r = 0. 090, P = 0. 689) and level of education (r = 0. 048 , P =0. 831) , no significant correlations between ALFF value and Y-BOCS score (r= 0.007, P= 0.977) , obsessive score (r=0. 140,P =0.530) and compulsive score (r=0. 100, P = 0.660) were found. Conclusion Abnormal ALFF may exist in OCD in the resting-state. The increased ALFF might reflect the strengthening of the emotional management and action monitoring.     

首发Tourette综合征静息态功能磁共振脑比率低频振幅的研究

目的 探讨首发Tourette综合征(TS)静息态下功能磁共振(fMRI)脑比率低频振幅(fALFF)的特征.方法 16例TS患儿(研究组)和16例良好匹配的健康受试者(对照组)均接受静息态功能共振(fMRI)扫描.在0.01～0.1 Hz频段内计算fALFF值,两组进行独立样本t检验.结果 研究组患儿基于BOLD信号的fALFF值在如下脑区强于对照组:左侧梭状回(t =4.36,P＜0.05)、右侧壳核(t=3.81,P＜0.05);研究组患儿基于BOLD信号的fALFF值在如下脑区弱于对照组:左侧额下回三角部(t=-6.13,P＜0.05)、右侧额中回(t=-4.35,P＜0.05)、左侧额上回(t=-4.51,P＜0.05)、左侧枕中回(t=-6.13,P＜0.05)、左侧罗兰迪克岛盖(t=-4.58,P＜0.05)、右侧罗兰迪克岛盖(t=-4.28,P＜0.05).结论 首发Tourette综合征患儿在一些脑区存在脑功能活动的异常,有助于揭示Tourette综合征的神经生理机制.     

伴有暴力倾向的精神分裂症患者低频振幅与分数低频振幅静息态功能影像学研究

目的探讨伴有暴力倾向的精神分裂症患者静息状态下脑自发神经活动特征以及其脑功能异常的神经病理生理机制。方法纳入符合ICD-10诊断标准的精神分裂症患者35例(男24例、女11例)。采用PANSS评分评估患者临床症状严重程度。利用修订版外显攻击行为量表(Modified Overt Aggression Scale,MOAS)评分将患者分为暴力组和无暴力组。应用静息态功能磁共振成像(resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging,rs-fMRI)技术,采集所有患者静息状态下脑fMRI数据,基于DPABI V2.3(Data Processing&Analysis of Brain Imaging,DPABI)软件,对数据进行预处理后得到低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)及分数低频振幅(fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,fALFF)图,采用双样本t检验比较2组图像差异。提取所有患者全脑区的ALFF、fALFF值与PANSS评分进行Pearson相关分析。结果暴力组(n=18)较无暴力组(n=17)右侧顶上回、右侧顶下缘角回ALFF值减低,而右侧小脑下部、左侧小脑下部和左侧丘脑的fALFF值增高(均经GRF校正,体素水平P<0.01,簇水平P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,精神分裂症患者(n=35)右侧小脑下部、小脑蚓部、右侧颞中回ALFF值与PANSS阴性症状评分呈正相关(r=0.437、0.610、0.656);右侧角回fALFF值与PANSS阴性症状评分呈负相关(r=-0.723);左侧内侧额上回fALFF值与PANSS敌对性评分呈正相关(r=0.647,均经GRF校正,体素水平P<0.01,簇水平P<0.05)。结论相较于无暴力患者,伴有暴力倾向的精神分裂症患者多个脑区ALFF、fALFF值存在差异,提示伴有暴力行为的患者多个脑区自发神经活动异常。     

静息态脑功能低频振幅预测早期精神分裂症患者视觉信息处理速度研究

目的 建立基于静息态功能磁共振(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)数据预测早期精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)患者视觉信息处理速度(visual infor...     

首发Tourette综合征患者静息态功能磁共振低频振幅比率的研究

目的:探讨首发Tourette综合征(TS)患者静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)脑低频振幅比率(fALFF)特征。方法:对16例首发TS患儿(TS组)进行fMRI扫描;计算0.01～0.1 Hz频段fALFF值,并与性别、年龄等相匹配的正常对照者(对照组,16人)比较。结果:TS组fALFF值在左侧梭状回(t=4.36,P0.05)、右侧壳核(t=3.81,P0.05)脑区明显强于对照组;左侧额下回三角部(t=-6.13,P0.05)、右侧额中回(t=-4.35,P0.05)、左侧额上回(t=-4.51,P0.05)、左侧枕中回(t=-6.13,P0.05)、左侧罗兰迪克岛盖(t=-4.58,P0.05)、右侧罗兰迪克岛盖(t=-4.28,P0.05)脑区明显弱于对照组。结论:首发TS患者存在多部位脑功能活动的异常。     

基于低频振幅方法的连枷臂综合征患者静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用静息态功能磁共振成像(RS-fMRI)低频振幅(ALFF)分析法,探讨连枷臂综合征(Flail arm syndrome,FAS)患者基线脑活动变化及意义。方法 对10名确诊的连枷臂综合征患者(连枷臂组)和10名与之年龄、性别、教育程度相匹配的正常成年人对照者(对照组)进行静息态磁共振成像扫描,应用ALFF分析法计算并比较两组受试者全脑的ALFF值的差异,并进一步分析其与临床症状严重程度的相关性。结果 静息态下,与正常对照组相比较,FAS组在双侧楔前叶、左侧楔叶、后扣带回、枕上回、颞中回、枕中回、角回、顶下缘角回脑区均出现ALFF值的低于正常对照组,但没有发现FAS组ALFF增高的脑区。ALFF明显减低的脑区的ALFF值与ALS功能分级量(ALSFRS-R)总分无相关性。结论 静息态下主要在双侧楔前叶、左侧楔叶、后扣带回、枕上回、颞中回、枕中回、角回、顶下缘角回脑区的脑功能活动异常,这些脑区ALFF改变可能与FAS的病理机制有关,但与FAS疾病严重程度无关。     

抑郁症首次发病与复发患者静息态功能磁共振低频振幅比率的差异

目的:探讨首发与复发中青年抑郁症患者静息态下功能磁共振脑区低频振幅比率(fALFF)特征的差异,以及与症状严重程度和发作次数的相关性。方法:对16例首发抑郁患者(首发抑郁症组),16例复发抑郁患者(复发抑郁症组)和16名健康对照进行3.0T静息态功能磁共振扫描。结果在方差分析的基础上进行两两双样本t检验,将差异脑区与汉密尔顿抑郁量表总分及抑郁发作次数进行相关分析。结果:3组间fALFF值差异有统计学意义的脑区是左颞横回/左脑岛、左壳核、左前扣带回、左额上回及额中回(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正)。复发抑郁组与首发抑郁组相比,复发抑郁组左壳核、左前扣带回、左额中回及左脑岛fALFF值升高(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正);复发抑郁组与健康对照组相比,复发抑郁组左额上回及左前扣带回fALFF值升高(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正)。抑郁症差异脑区与临床症状相关分析显示,左脑岛和左侧壳核fALFF值与发作次数正相关(r=0.450,P=0.021;r=0.535,P=0.004)。结论:复发抑郁患者脑区fALFF升高,从能量的角度提示首发与复发抑郁存在差异,并表现出与复发抑郁患者更易复发的临床现象相关。     

晚发性和早发性精神分裂症临床特征比较

目的：了解早发性和晚发性精神分裂症的临床特征。方法：用阳性症状量表（SAPS）、阴性症状量表（SANS）评定临床症状;临床疗效总评量表（CGI）、治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定临床疗效及不良反应;用躯体异常量表（Waldrop scale）N量软体征。对早发性精神分裂症和晚发性精神分裂症患者各50例进行对照研究。结果：早发性精神分裂症遗传倾向明显,软体征异常率高,有更明显的阴性症状,治疗效果较差,不良反应更明显。晚发性精神分裂症女性明显多于男性,以幻觉、妄想、偏执观念为主要临床特征．结论：早发性和晚发性精神分裂症各有其临床特征。早发性比晚发性精神分裂症的遗传负荷和胚胎发育异常程度高,治疗效果和预后较差。     

Measuring abnormal intrinsic brain activities in patients with retinal detachment using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a resting-state fMRI study

Objective: The targets of this study were to access the alternations of spontaneous brain activity in RD patients by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method and to explore their relationships with clinical behavioral performance.

Methods: A total of 20 patients with RD (6 males and 14 females), and 20 healthy controls (HCs) (6 males and 14 females) were recruited, and were matched in sex and age. All participants finished the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. We applied the ALFF method to detect the spontaneous brain activity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to distinguish RD Patients from HCs.

Results: RD patients showed decreased ALFF values in the right occipital lobe and right medial frontal gyrus and increased ALFF values in the right frontal superior orbital and left inferior temporal gyrus when compared with HCs. In RD patients, we did not find any relationship between the mean ALFF values and the clinical behavioral performances.

Conclusion: The RD patients exhibited abnormal spontaneous brain activity in vision and vision related brain regions, which might explore potential pathological mechanism of acute vision loss in RD patients.     

Very early onset and greater vulnerability in schizophrenia: A clinical and neuroimaging study

Although schizophrenia has been diagnosed in children, this group of disorders has received too little attention in the clinical and research literature. Preliminary data suggest that early onset schizophrenia (EOS) and very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS) tend to have a worse outcome than adult onset schizophrenia, and seem to be related to a greater familial vulnerability, due to genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Recently, advanced neuroimaging techniques have revealed structural and functional brain abnormalities in some cerebral areas. This paper reports on a case diagnosed as VEOS, with premorbid year-long psychopathological history. The patient showed atypical proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings, and normal brain and spine computer tomography and brain magnetic resonance images.     

Comparative study of neuropsychological correlates in schizophrenia with onset in childhood, adolescence and adulthood

Childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) patients have marked neuropsychological deficits in areas of attention, working memory and executive functions. Similar deficits have been found in studies on Adolescent onset (AdOS) and Adult onset schizophrenia (AOS). In this study we compared the neuropsychological profile of COS with AdOS and AOS to test the hypothesis that earlier the onset greater is the severity of illness and greater are the neuropsychological deficits. A sample of 15 patients of COS was compared with 20 patients each of AdOS and AOS group. Assessment of neuropsychological profile was done using standard neuropsychological battery for Indian population. Nahor Benson Test and Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test were used to assess perceptuomotor functioning. COS patients showed significantly greater deficits on scales of IQ, memory and perceptuomotor skills as compared to AdOS that in turn had greater deficits than AOS. The persistence of differences across the three groups inspite of controlling for education and age suggest that these deficits may have been present even before the onset of illness and was not the result of poor academic achievements. These findings also point towards a brain damage in schizophrenia that occurs on a continuum of severity with COS being the most virulent, AOS being the least and AdOS falling in between these two extremes.     

A study of cranial computertomograms in very early and early onset schizophrenia

Summary. The cranial computer-assisted tomograms of 19 patients suffering from schizophrenic psychoses with onset by age of 14 were examined. The emphasis was on the extent of the inner liquor spaces. Compared to healthy controls, at the beginning of illness a significant enlargement was revealed only in the patient group with very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS, onset prior to the age of 12), whereas children with early onset (EOS, 12 to 14 years of age) showed no significant brain pathology. As a second result, an increase in the extent of the inner liquor spaces seems to correlate with the duration of illness. It is therefore concluded that psychoses interfere with neurodevelopmental processes and cause more severe brain pathology in very young children, already detectable at the onset of the illness. EOS, on the other hand, induces progressive morphological abnormalities over the course of the illness. Received February 2, 2001; accepted July 11, 2001     

Comparative study of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia with onset in childhood, adolescence and adulthood

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurological soft signs (NSS) in patients of schizophrenia with onset in childhood (COS), adolescence (AdOS) and adulthood (AOS). METHOD: Assessment of NSS in 15 patients of COS and 20 patients each of AdOS and AOS was made using condensed neuropsychiatric examination for NSS. RESULTS: NSS were significantly more frequent in COS (100%) and AdOS (90%) when compared with AOS (55%) patients. COS patients showed significantly higher scores on temporal and frontal lobe NSS, of which differences between the three groups in temporal lobe NSS disappeared on ancova. Parietal lobe dependent NSS were seen in a few COS patients. The NSS were more in those with lesser IQ, lower education and higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that earlier onset types may be more strongly associated with a generalized disruption of brain function. Non-suppression of primitive reflexes with cortical maturation in COS point towards disordered neurodevelopment. Preponderance of fronto-temporal and a relative lack of parietal lobe NSS point towards differential lobar involvement. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities leading to NSS also lead to lower IQ and lower educational level.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗晚发精神分裂症对照研究

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗晚发精神分裂症患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:对52例晚发精神分裂症住院患者随机分为两组,分别用阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗6周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗晚发精神分裂症患者的临床疗效差异无显著性。两组不良反应少而轻。结论:阿立哌唑治疗晚发精神分裂症疗效好,起效快,不良反应少。