三种不同病因缺血性脑卒中急性期血压与预后的关系

目的 探讨三种不同病因类型的缺血性脑卒中急性期血压与预后的关系.方法 以温州脑卒中登记库为基础,前瞻性连续登记2007年4月至2008年4月温州医学院附属第一医院从发病到入院时间小于48 h并被诊断为脑梗死的患者.采用Logistic多因素逐步回归法分析不同病因型脑梗死患者影响预后的因素.结果 各病因型入院血压和急性期平均血压与预后均呈U型关系.动脉粥样硬化型、心源性栓塞型和其他病因型入院时血压在150/95 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)左右,7 d内平均血压140/90 mm Hg时预后最佳;小动脉病变型以入院时血压在130/95 mm Hg左右,7 d内平均血压140/90 mm Hg时预后最佳.在动脉粥样硬化型缺血性脑卒中患者中,入院24 h内收缩压下降幅度大于20 mm Hg使3个月的死亡和残疾风险增加4.44倍(OR 4.44,95%CI 1.70～11.59,P=0.002);入院24 h内舒张压下降幅度大于10 mm Hg使3个月的死亡和残疾风险增加3.70倍(OR 3.70,95%CI 1.54～8.90,P=0.00).心源性脑栓塞患者中,入院24 h内收缩压下降幅度大于20 mm Hg(OR 7.98,95%CI 1.34～47.66,P=0.026)和舒张压下降幅度大于10 mm Hg(OR6.68,95%CI 1.55～28.79,P=0.01)均为3个月死亡和残疾的独立危险因素.结论 入院时各亚型组的血压与3个月病死和残疾率均呈U型关系,血压过高或过低患者预后均较差.对于动脉粥样硬化型患者和心源性栓塞患者,入院24 h内血压下降幅度过大为其3个月预后不良的独立危险因素.     

脑卒中急性期血压监测与预后相关性的初步研究

目的探讨脑卒中急性期动态血压的变化及血压与预后的相关性。方法本研究分别对发病48 h内入院的53例脑梗死和38例脑出血患者进行24 h动态血压监测,持续10 d,并记录其他影响预后的危险因素及21 d、3个月的神经功能评分。结果脑卒中急性期血压升高的发生率为74．7%,入院4 d内血压下降显著,4～10 d时血压下降趋于平缓。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,脑卒中急性期收缩压升高是近期预后不良(OR=1．071,1．018～1．127,P =0．008)及远期(OR=1．040,1．010～1．071,P=0．009)预后不良(MRS≥3)的危险因素,对近期死亡无明显影响(OR=0．988,0．920～1．062,P=0．750)。亚组分析结果显示:脑梗死患者急性期血压与近、远期预后呈U型曲线关系,最适血压水平:收缩压140～160 mm Hg、舒张压75～80 mm Hg。经调整其他预测因子,收缩压≥160 mm Hg与140～159 mm Hg相比是近期(多因素Logistic回归分析,OR=4．682,1．23～17．823,P=0．024)和远期(OR=2．372, 1．188～4．735,P=0．014)预后不良的独立危险因素;脑出血患者急性期血压升高是近期死亡(多因素Logistic回归分析,OR=1．212 1．019～1．442 P=0．03)及远期(OR=1．27 1．019～1．583 P=0．033)预后不良的独立危险因素。结论脑卒中急性期血压升高常见,但血压有自调下降的趋势;脑梗死患者急性期收缩压≥160 mm Hg与预后不良呈显著相关,脑出血急性期血压升高是预后不良的独立危险因素。     

急性大脑半球梗死患者早期神经功能恶化的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性大脑半球梗死并发早期神经功能恶化的频率及其危险因素。方法采用斯堪的那维亚卒中量表(SSS)对98例急性大脑半球梗死患者的神经功能变化进行动态评估,并分析发病后24h的MRI特征。用两样本t检验或卡方检验比较2组患者入院时的基线资料,以Logistic逐步回归分析筛选神经功能进展的最终危险因素。结果98例急性大脑半球梗死患者中60(61.2%)例并发早期神经功能恶化,38(38.8%)例症状稳定;2组间18个单因素比较,年龄、既往糖尿病史、既往TIA或脑卒中史、体温、房颤、起病至入院时间、基线SSS评分、血胆固醇和CT上的早期低密度灶9项有差异(P0.05),Logistic回归分析筛选出的最终危险因素为基线SSS评分(OR:9.15;95%CI:2.47~15.19)、起病至入院时间(OR:6.82;95%CI:1.52~11.70)、入院时高体温(OR:5.86;95%CI:1.71~9.52)、CT上的早期低密度灶(OR:3.64;95%CI:1.25~6.61)和房颤(OR:1.79;95%CI:1.03~3.07);2组间MRI资料比较,脑组织肿胀、梗死容积均有差异(P0.001),且DWI梗死容积与基线SSS评分具有良好的相关性(P0.05)。结论急性大脑半球梗死患者早期神经功能恶化发生率高,主要的危险因素为基线SSS评分、起病至入院时间、入院时高体温、CT上的早期低密度灶和房颤。MRI检查有助于评估脑卒中的严重程度及进展。     

大脑中动脉闭塞致急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能恶化的影响因素分析

目的分析大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞致急性脑梗死患者早期神经功能恶化的影响因素。方法连续回顾性纳入2017年1月-2019年12月我院神经内科MCA闭塞致急性脑梗死患者134例,入院72 h内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较入院基线NIHSS评分增加≥2分为早期神经功能恶化(early neurological deterioration,END),共有48例(简称END组),非早期神经恶化86例(简称非END组),单因素分析两组患者入院时一般资料,将有意义的指标(P 0.05)纳入Logistic模型,通过多因素Logistic回归分析评估单侧MCA闭塞致急性脑梗死患者发生END的影响因素。结果 (1)与非END组相比,END组患者性别、年龄、发病时间、入院NIHSS评分、侧支循环,以及血压变异性(blood pressure variability,BPV)参数SBPsd、SBPcv、SBPmax-min、DBPsd、DBPcv、DBPmai-min等差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。(2)多因素Logistic回归分析提示:侧支循环不良(OR=8.330,95%CI1.629～42.587,P=0.011)、BPV参数SBPmax-min(OR=1.110,95%CI 1.008～1.221,P=0.033)是MCA闭塞致急性脑梗死患者发生END的独立危险因素,BPV参数SBPmax-min的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.85(95%CI 0.788～0.912,P 0.001),预测END的敏感度93.8%,特异度64%,最佳截断值35.5。结论影响MCA闭塞致急性脑梗死患者END的因素较多,其中侧支循环不良、血压变异性(BPV)是END的独立危险因素。     

急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓后24 h血压变异与早期神经功能恶化的关系

目的 本研究旨在探索急性缺血性卒中静脉溶栓后24 h血压的变异与早期神经功能恶化的关系。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月1日-2020年10月30日在我院就诊的接受静脉溶栓治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者基线临床资料,溶栓后每1 h测量一次血压并记录舒张压和收缩压。血压变异的评估包括：标准差(sd)、连续变异度(sv)。sv为相邻血压差值平方的均值的平方根。早期神经功能恶化定义为：溶栓后24 h内任何一次NIHSS评分(美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表)较静脉溶栓时增加超过4分或死亡。结果 最终134例纳入分析。平均年龄(67±13)岁,女性54例(40.3%),NIHSS评分中位数为5(3～9)分,早期神经功能恶化11例(8.2%)。与未发生早期神经功能恶化患者相比,早期神经功能恶化患者收缩压标准差(SBPsd)较大(18 vs 14,t=-2.567,P=0.011),收缩压变异度(SBPsv)较高(22 vs 17,t=-1.988,P=0.049),舒张压标准差(DBPsd)较大(13 vs 9.8,t=-2.431,P=0.016)。将血压变异相关指标(sd、sv)分别纳入二元Logisti...     

不同形态腔隙性脑梗死与预后的关系

目的分析穿支动脉病变引起的腔隙性脑梗死形态与其预后的关系。方法收集2011年6月至2013年9月广西脑卒中中心通过磁共振弥散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)确诊的急性腔隙性脑梗死患者,并根据DWI特征,把急性腔隙性脑梗死的梗死形态分为椭圆形和串珠形。对两种形态脑梗死患者的人口形态特征、危险因素、入院和出院时的NIH卒中评分以及出院3个月后Ranking评分进行评估,同时分析其卒中机制。结果共纳入189例患者,其中串珠状脑梗死69例(36.5%),而椭圆形脑梗死120例(63.5%)。两组患者的基线无差别。然而串珠形梗死组最大梗死直径较椭圆形组大(13.8±2.3 mm vs.10.6±3.2 mm,P=0.006)。早期神经功能恶化同样在串珠形脑梗死组较椭圆形组更常见(24.6%vs.5.0%,P=0.009)。早期神经功能恢复在串珠形脑梗死患者更差(30.5%vs.10.8%,P=0.018)。多元Logistic回归分析显示:串珠形脑梗死病灶与早期神经功能恶化有关(OR=7.55,95%CI:1.73~33.25,P=0.010),而与早期神经功能恢复不良有关(OR=5.75,95%CI:1.53~28.70,P=0.030)。结论在穿支病变引起的腔隙性脑梗死中,串珠状脑梗死与早期神经功能恶化及早期神经功能恢复不良显著相关。     

急性缺血性脑卒中患者静脉溶栓后早期神经功能恶化的研究

目的探讨发病6 h内静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生早期神经功能恶化(END)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2017年7月至2019年8月该科收治的151例发病6 h内进行静脉溶栓的急性缺血性脑卒中患者的临床资料,以溶栓后24 h内美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)较前增加≥4分作为END标准将患者分为恶化组与非恶化组,应用多因素logistic回归分析溶栓后END的危险因素。结果 151例患者中恶化组26例,非恶化组125例。恶化组患者的年龄、NIHSS评分、房颤患病率高于非恶化组(P 0.05);发病到静脉溶栓时间(OTT)低于非恶化组(P 0.05);两组患者的TOAST分型比较,差异具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。logistic回归分析结果显示,NIHSS评分(OR=1.124,95%CI=1.007～1.254)、房颤(OR=6.425,95%CI=1.230～33.561)、收缩压(OR=1.031,95%CI=1.001～1.063)、冠心病(OR=0.072,95%CI=0.006～0.904)与溶栓后END显著相关(P 0.05)。结论高NIHSS评分、房颤及高收缩压患者静脉溶栓后发生END风险大。     

脑小血管病动态血压变异性与脑小血管病影像总负荷的相关性北大核心CSCD

目的探讨脑小血管病(cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)患者24 h动态血压变异性(blood pressure variability,BPV)与CSVD影像总负荷的关系。方法纳入2016年10月至2020年10月于河北省人民医院神经内科住院且入院后10 d内完成头颅磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)及24 h动态血压监测(ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,ABPM)的CSVD患者。收集患者的一般资料,根据头颅MRI评估CSVD影像总负荷(0~4分),并按此将患者分为轻中度组(0~2分)和重度组(3~4分)。记录ABPM结果并计算动态血压相关参数。分析动态血压相关参数与CSVD影像总负荷之间的关系。结果共纳入患者326例,轻中度组183例,重度组143例。重度组年龄[(68.0±12.3)岁vs.(62.2±12.0)岁,P<0.001]、同型半胱氨酸水平[16.22(12.50,18.86)mmol/L vs.13.30(11.00,16.22)mmol/L,P<0.001]、24 h平均收缩压[(148.75±17.63)mmHg vs.(144.47±17.82)mmHg,P=0.031]、夜间平均收缩压[(145.14±20.54)mmHg vs.(139.27±20.26)mmHg,P=0.010]、24 h收缩压加权标准差[16.89%(14.09%,20.16%)vs.15.37%(13.02%,18.63%),P=0.013]、24 h舒张压加权标准差[11.55%(9.53%,13.76%)vs.10.37%(8.54%,13.18%),P=0.040]、夜间收缩压标准差(standard deviation of nighttime systolic blood pressure,NSBP-SD)[15.77%(12.07%,21.56%)vs.14.11%(10.42%,17.81%),P<0.001]高于轻中度组患者,载脂蛋白A水平[(1.25±0.25)mmol/L vs.(1.30±0.21)mmol/L,P=0.039]低于轻中度组患者,且重度组男性(65.73%vs.54.10%,P=0.034)、既往脑梗死(34.27%vs.14.21%,P<0.001)、非杓型血压(81.82%vs.70.49%,P=0.018)患者所占比例较轻中度组高;Spearman相关分析示:NSBP-SD与CSVD影像总负荷呈正相关(r=0.203,P<0.001),夜间SBP下降率与CSVD影像总负荷呈负相关(r=-0.204,P<0.001);logistic回归分析示:既往脑梗死(OR=2.700,95%CI:1.512~4.822,P=0.001)、NSBP-SD(OR=1.085,95%CI:1.041~1.131,P<0.001)、年龄(OR=1.034,95%CI:1.013~1.055,P=0.001)、男性(OR=1.856,95%CI:1.132~3.041,P=0.014)、非杓型血压(OR=1.974,95%CI:1.106~3.522,P=0.021)可能是CSVD影像总负荷增加的独立危险因素。结论CSVD患者NSBP变异性、非杓型血压可能是CSVD影像总负荷增加的独立危险因素,且NSBP变异性越高,夜间血压下降率越小,CSVD影像总负荷可能越重。     

轻型缺血性卒中患者急性期神经功能恶化的影响因素

目的 探讨轻型缺血性卒中(MIS)患者急性期神经功能恶化的影响因素。方法 根据临床病情将249例急性MIS患者分为恶化组40例及未恶化组209例。比较两组患者的一般临床资料及血压变异性(BPV)参数。采用二元Logistic回归分析模型分析MIS患者急性期神经功能恶化的影响因素。结果 恶化组与未恶化组同侧颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄、分水岭区脑梗死比率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。与未恶化组相比，恶化组收缩压平均值(SBPm)、收缩压标准差(SBPsd)、收缩压变异系数(SBPcv)、收缩压最大最小差值(SBPmax-min)显著升高(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，SBPmax-min(OR=0.553,95%CI:0.315～0.969,P=0.039)是MIS患者发生急性期神经功能恶化的独立危险因素。SBPmax-min预测急性期神经功能恶化的ROC曲线下面积为0.832(95%CI:0.728～0.935,P=0.000),敏感度为69.0%,特异度为87.9%,约登指数为0.568,最佳截断值25.5。结论 SBPmax-min是MIS急性期...     

小动脉闭塞性卒中患者早期血压变异性与其功能预后的相关性

目的 探讨小动脉闭塞性卒中（SAO）患者早期血压变异性（BPV）与其功能预后的相关性。 方法 选择2019年10月1日至2020年9月30日在我院神经内科住院的符合纳入和排除标准的136例急 性 SAO 患者的临床资料,包括入院美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、年龄、性别、高血压病史、 糖尿病史或糖化血红蛋白、高脂血症史、冠心病病史、吸烟史、酗酒史和既往卒中病史、住院期间抗栓药 物治疗等基线资料。通过 24 h 动态血压监测收集患者的各项血压参数。根据卒中 3 个月后改良 Rankin 评分（mRS）将所有患者分为预后良好组（mRS ＜ 3 分）和预后不良组（mRS ≥ 3 分）,比较两组患者的一般 临床资料和血压参数。采用 Binary Logistic 回归分析 BPV 与神经功能预后之间的关系。结果 与预后 良好组比较,预后不良组患者入院 NIHSS 评分、糖尿病史、收缩压最大值与最小值差值（SBPmax-min）、 24 h 收缩压变异系数（24 h-SBPCV）、白昼收缩压变异系数（dSBPCV）、夜间收缩压变异系数（nSBPCV） 均升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.05）。采用 Binary Logistic 回归分析显示,24 h-SBPCV（OR=0.629, 95%CI：0.424～0.932,P=0.021）、dSBPCV（OR=1.590,95%CI：1.053～2.401,P=0.028）、入院高 NIHSS 评分 （OR=3.309,95%CI：1.845～5.937,P=0.001）、糖尿病史（OR=0.203,95%CI：0.075～0.549,P=0.002）是 SAO 神经功能预后不良的危险因素。结论 入院高 NIHSS 评分、糖尿病和 24 h-SBPCV、dSBPCV 的增高是 SAO 神经功能预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Correlation study between small vessel disease and early neurological deterioration in patients with mild/moderate acute ischemic stroke

Aims: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) refers to a group of pathological processes that affect small arteries, arterioles, venules, and capillaries of the brain. We hypothesized that imaging markers of SVD could be associated with neurological deterioration during acute phase of mild/moderate ischemic stroke. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort with 687 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke and also with admission NIHSS score below 12 points. Imaging markers of SVD include silent lacunar infarction, deep cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), brain atrophy, periventricular and semiovale white matter hyperintensities, basal ganglia and semiovale enlarged perivascular spaces as well as SVD burden rating scale, which were evaluated and calculated, respectively. Early neurology deterioration (END) was defined as an increment of NIHSS score ≥2 points in the first 72 h after admission. Results: None of these imaging markers and rating scale of SVD significantly correlated with END after adjusted for major confounders. Post hoc analysis indicated similar negative results in different age, TOAST classification and infarction location subgroups. Only silent infarction (OR 2.42, 95%CI 1.33–5.10) and deep CMBs (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.08–3.72) seemed to be predictors for END in female patients. However, due to the increased type I error in multiple comparisons, these relationships should not be regarded as statistically significant. Conclusion: In patients with mild/moderate acute ischemic stroke, imaging markers of SVD did not correlate with END.     

Cerebral hemodynamic reserve and early neurologic deterioration in acute ischemic stroke.

Early neurological deterioration (END) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Although several predictive factors have been reported, there are little data about the hemodynamic factors. Our aim was to determine the capacity of cerebral hemodynamic reserve (CHR) to predict END. We studied 100 hospitalized patients with a first ever ischemic stroke of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) within the first 24 hours of symptoms onset. END was defined as a drop of at least one point in the Canadian Stroke Scale between admission and 72 hours. The mean flow velocity (mV) in the MCA and the CHR were measured by means of transcranial Doppler within the first 24 hours of admission. The CHR was expressed as the percentage increase in the MCA mV divided by the absolute increase in the end-tidal CO2 pressure in mm Hg after carbogen inhalation. END was observed in 23 patients. Reduced values of the mV in the symptomatic MCA (P = 0.043) and of the CHR in the symptomatic hemisphere (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with END. A CHR of less than 2%/1 mm Hg was independently associated with END (OR 8.45, 95% CI 1.82-39.2) after adjusting for potential confounders. CHR impairment within the first 24 hours of acute ischemic stroke is associated with a higher risk of END. This technique may be useful in selecting patients requiring a more intensive management.     

Acute stroke unit care and early neurological deterioration in ischemic stroke

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact that monitored acute stroke unit care may have on the risk of early neurological deterioration (END), and 90-day mortality and mortality-disability. METHODS: Non-randomized prospective study with consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) admitted to a conventional care stroke unit (CCSU), from May 2003 to April 2005, or to a monitored acute stroke unit (ASU) from May 2005 to April 2006. END was defined as an increase in the NIHSS score >or= 4 points in the first 72 hours after admission. RESULTS: END was detected in 19.6% of patients (11.2% of patients admitted to the ASU and 23.8% to the CCSU; p<0.0001). Patients admitted to the ASU received more treatment with intravenous rtPa (13.5% versus 4.2%; p<0.0001), had a shorter length of stay (9.1 [11.0] d versus 13.1 [10.4] d; p<0.0001), lower 90-day mortality (10.2% versus 17.3%; p=0.02), and lower mortality-disability at 90-days (28.4% versus 40.2%; p=0.004) than those admitted to the CCSU. Multivariable analysis showed that ASU admission was a protector for END (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.23-0.62). On admission, higher NIHSS (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.10), higher glycaemia (OR: 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001-1.006), and higher systolic pressure (OR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.002-1.017) were independent predictors of END. CONCLUSIONS: END prevention by ASU care might be a key factor contributing to better outcome and decrease of length of stay in patients admitted to monitored stroke units.     

High diastolic blood pressure is a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in complete MCA stroke patients

Complete middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke is a life-threatening condition, which can lead to death in the form of "malignant MCA syndrome"; characterized by massive brain edema and cerebral herniation. Moreover, patients with complete MCA infarct have high mortality due to complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with complete MCA stroke. Consecutive patients with complete MCA stroke were enrolled in a prospective single center in-hospital outcome study having mortality as its end point. Among 780 ischemic stroke patients, 125 had complete MCA strokes (16%) and 44 (35.2%) of these died in hospital. A high NIHSS-score (OR 1.17 95%CI 1.03-1.34, P=0.013) and high diastolic blood pressure on admission (OR 1.05 95%CI 1.01-1.09) resulted being independent predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with complete MCA stroke. The median value of diastolic blood pressure at admission was 90 mmHg in patients who died and 80 mmHg in survivors (P=0.01). The risk of death increased by 5% for each mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure on admission after adjusting for other risk factors. The rate of mortality was 22% in patients with diastolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg, 56% for those with diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 109 mmHg and 67% for those with diastolic blood pressure higher than 110 mmHg. This study suggests that high diastolic blood pressure on admission in acute MCA stroke patients is linearly correlated with in-hospital mortality.     

Early Neurological Deterioration within 24 Hours after Intravenous rt-PA Therapy for Stroke Patients: The Stroke Acute Management with Urgent Risk Factor Assessment and Improvement rt-PA Registry

Background: The initial 24 h after thrombolysis are critical for patients' conditions, and continuous neurological assessment and blood pressure measurement are required during this time. The goal of this study was to identify the clinical factors associated with early neurological deterioration (END) within 24 h of stroke patients receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy and to clarify the effect of END on 3-month outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 10 stroke centers in Japan. A total of 566 consecutive stroke patients [211 women, 72 ± 12 years old, the median initial NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 13] treated with intravenous rt-PA (0.6 mg/kg alteplase) was studied. END was defined as a 4-point or greater increase in the NIHSS score at 24 h from the NIHSS score just before thrombolysis. Results: END was present in 56 patients (9.9%, 18 women, 72 ± 10 years old) and was independently associated with higher blood glucose [odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.07-1.28 per 1 mmol/l increase, p < 0.001], lower initial NIHSS score (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97 per 1-point increase, p = 0.002), and internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion (OR 5.36, 95% CI 2.60-11.09, p < 0.001) on multivariate analysis. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within the initial 36 h from thrombolysis was more common in patients with END than in the other patients (per NINDS/Cochrane protocol, OR 10.75, 95% CI 4.33-26.85, p < 0.001, and per SITS-MOST protocol, OR 12.90, 95% CI 2.76-67.41, p = 0.002). At 3 months, no patients with END had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-1. END was independently associated with death and dependency (mRS 3-6, OR 20.44, 95% CI 6.96-76.93, p < 0.001), as well as death (OR 19.43, 95% CI 7.75-51.44, p < 0.001), at 3 months. Conclusions: Hyperglycemia, lower baseline NIHSS score, and ICA occlusion were independently associated with END after rt-PA therapy. END was independently associated with poor 3-month stroke outcome after rt-PA therapy.     

缺血性卒中血清叶酸水平与早期神经功能恶化的相关性研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中患者基线血清叶酸水平与早期神经功能恶化（early neurological deterioration, END）的关系。 方法 回顾性分析2018年1月1日-9月30日于北京市海淀医院（北京大学第三医院海淀院区）神经内 科住院的发病48 h内的缺血性卒中患者的临床资料。根据是否在入院7 d内发生END,将患者分为END 组和非END组,对比分析两组患者的基线资料。采用单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析缺血性卒中患者 END的独立影响因素。 结果 本研究共纳入304例患者,男性209例（68.8%）,平均年龄67.2±13.9岁,血清叶酸水平为 15.4（11.3～21.9）nmol/L。其中END组患者42例（13.8%）,非END组患者262例（86.2%）。与非END组相 比,END组患者具有更高的年龄（P =0.008）、糖尿病史（P =0.002）、基线NIHSS评分（P =0.022）和更低 的基线叶酸水平（P =0.030）,差异具有统计学意义。回归分析结果显示,年龄（每增长1岁：OR 1.033, 95%CI 1.001～1.066,P =0.041）和糖尿病史（OR 2.724,95%CI 1.339～5.539,P =0.006）是END的独立危 险因素;基线较高的血清叶酸水平（OR 0.463,95%CI 0.225～0.952,P =0.036）是END的独立保护因素。 结论 年龄增加和糖尿病史是END的独立危险因素,基线较高的血清叶酸水平是END的独立保护 因素。     

Association of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 with neurological deterioration of ischemic stroke: The Chongqing Stroke Study

BACKGROUND: Adhesion molecules play important roles in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble E-selectin were associated with neurological deterioration of ischemic stroke. METHODS: 238 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke examined within 24 h from onset were enrolled into the study. The stroke severity was daily assessed with the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within the first week after admission. Serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin after admission were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association of serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin on admission with the neurological deterioration of ischemic stroke, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: 52 (21.8%) out of 238 stroke patients suffered from neurological deterioration. Serum levels of sICAM-1 on admission of stroke patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls. Compared with patients without deterioration, patients with neurological deterioration had higher levels of sICAM-1, but not of sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin. On multivariate logistic regression, the serum level of sICAM-1 on admission was associated with neurological deterioration of stroke (OR 2.92, 95% CI 1.41-6.05). Other variables associated with neurological deterioration were fasting serum glucose (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.24-2.20), baseline fibrinogen (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52) and NIHSS score (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.15-1.32). CONCLUSIONS: The serum level of sICAM-1 on admission is associated with neurological deterioration of ischemic stroke.     

Cilostazol combined with aspirin prevents early neurological deterioration in patients with acute ischemic stroke: a pilot study

Recent randomized trials have shown that cilostazol is superior to aspirin for secondary stroke prevention. We hypothesized that combining cilostazol with aspirin is more effective than aspirin alone in patients with acute ischemic stroke. This randomized study compared the effects of oral aspirin alone to aspirin plus cilostazol in patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke within 48 h of stroke onset. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were checked before and after 14 days and 6 months of drug administration. The primary and secondary endpoints were neurological deterioration or stroke recurrence (NIHSS score ≥ 1) within 14 days and 6 months, respectively. For statistical analysis, on-treatment analysis was conducted. Seventy-six patients were enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint was significantly higher in the aspirin group than in the aspirin plus cilostazol group (28% vs. 6%, relative risk (RR): 0.21, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.05-0.87, p=0.013). Among the patients who did not reach these endpoints, the mean improvement in the NIHSS score at day 14 tended to be better (-1.8 ± 1.2 vs. -1.2 ± 1.0, p=0.078) and the frequency of the favorable functional status of mRS 0-1 at month 6 was significantly higher (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.06, p=0.0048) in the aspirin plus cilostazol group than in the aspirin group. Patients treated with aspirin plus cilostazol during the acute phase of stroke had less neurological deterioration and more favorable functional status than those treated with aspirin alone.     

高收缩压水平脑分水岭梗死急性期升压治疗对预后影响的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨升压治疗对收缩压（systolic blood pressure,SBP）在140～160 mmHg的急性脑分水岭梗死 患者预后的影响。 方法 本研究为前瞻性研究,连续选择2011年l月至2014年11月同济大学附属同济医院神经内科首次 发病48 h内SBP在140～160 mmHg的急性脑分水岭梗死患者64例,分为升压治疗组29例和常规治疗组 35例,升压治疗组除阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀等常规治疗外加用多巴胺升压治疗,使SBP较入院时血压 上升约20 mmHg,维持3天。于入院时和2周采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（National Institute of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分、发病后6个月采用改良Rankin量表（modified Rankin Scale,mRS）评分 对患者神经功能缺损评价,NIHSS减少46%以上视为升压治疗显效;mRS≤2分为预后良好。 结果 两组患者入院时年龄、性别、发病时间和NIHSS评分等基线资料差异无显著性,入院2周时升 压治疗组显效率为27.6%,与常规治疗组的28.6%比较差异无显著性（P =0.930）。发病6个月升压治疗 组预后良好率为65.5%,高于常规治疗组的48.6%,但差异无显著性（P =0.174）。 结论 升压治疗对SBP在140～160 mmHg的急性脑分水岭梗死患者无明显疗效。     

血尿酸水平与急性缺血性卒中病情严重程度和预后的关系研究

目的 探讨急性缺血性卒中患者血清UA水平与病情严重程度及预后的关系。 方法 回顾性收集在深圳市第二人民医院神经内科2014年1月-2017年12月住院的急性缺血性 卒中患者。根据血UA水平进行三分位数分组：低分位数组（3.85～298.80）μmol/L、中分位数组 （299.80～398.00）μmol/L和高分位数组（402.30～702.10）μmol/L。多因素回归分析急性缺血性卒中 患者中病情严重程度及临床预后的危险因素，分层分析不同人群UA水平与病情严重程度及临床预后 的关系。 结果 227例入组患者中，UA低分位数组75例、中分位数组72例，高分位数组80例。调整混杂因素后， 相比低分位数组，UA高分位数组患者入院NIHSS评分下降2.16分（β=-2.16，95%CI -3.53～-0.78， P =0.002），发生早期神经功能恶化（early neurological deterioration，END）的风险下降60%（OR 0.40， 95%CI 0.16～0.97，P =0.042）。分层分析发现，在男性和既往无卒中史的患者中，随着UA水平升高，入 院NIHSS评分降低，END减少，差异具有统计学意义。 结论 高UA水平是急性缺血性卒中严重程度的保护因素，能降低END；其对男性和新发急性缺血性 卒中患者的保护性更明显。