马索罗酚对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠IL-6、IL-17、TGF-b表达的影响

目的观察马索罗酚(nordihydroguaiaretic acid,NDGA)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)小鼠IL-6、IL-17、TGF-β表达的影响。方法采用MOG35-55多肽为抗原免疫C57BL/6小鼠制备EAE模型。小鼠随机分成对照组、模型组和治疗组,各组18只。治疗组给予马索罗酚10mg/(kg·d)干预,对照组及模型组给予等量溶剂干预。分别在发病后10 d、20 d进行神经功能评分后取材,采用实时定量PCR方法检测小鼠腰髓和脾组织IL-6、IL-17、TGF-bm RNA表达水平,采用ELISA方法检测脑组织IL-6、IL-17、TGF-b蛋白表达水平。结果模型组与治疗组发病10 d、20 d时神经功能评分为(7.22±1.10)、(4.22±0.97),(2.89±1.05)、(1.33±0.71),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组与模型组比较结果如下。脊髓组织:1IL-6水平发病10 d时(8.54±2.49)、(14.07±3.19),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);发病20 d时(4.26±1.44)、(4.90±1.24),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2IL-17水平发病10 d时(25.50±11.77)、(47.59±8.01);发病20 d时(10.02±2.99)、(20.14±4.57),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。3TGF-b水平发病10 d时(0.74±0.11)、(0.04±0.01);发病20 d时(1.49±0.30)、(0.59±0.23),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑组织(pg/m L):1 IL-6水平发病10 d时(44.58±6.94)、(57.46±7.32);发病20 d时(35.85±9.58)、(51.29±2.09),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。2IL-17水平发病10 d时(515.90±63.10)、(899.89±242.39);发病20 d时(437.71±137.35)、(730.32±139.94),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。3TGF-b水平发病10 d时(170.88±24.69)、(132.85±20.27);发病20 d时(229.59±32.10)、(172.58±16.94),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。脾组织:1 IL-6水平发病10 d时(6.51±1.29)、(19.76±5.85),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);发病20 d时(3.13±0.78)、(4.14±0.58),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2IL-17水平发病10 d时(2.08±1.19)、(7.50±1.31);发病20 d时(0.67±0.41)、(2.75±0.44),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。3TGF-b水平发病10 d时(0.61±0.16)、(0.08±0.02);发病20 d时(1.77±0.39)、(0.50±0.33),差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论马索罗酚可以改善EAE小鼠病情,其作用机制可能与下调IL-6、IL-17表达,上调TGF-b表达有关。     

阿托伐他汀对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的治疗作用

目的 观察不同剂量阿托伐他汀对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的治疗效果,探讨其作用机制.方法 采用Wistar大鼠建立EAE模型,分别应用每日每千克体重2、8 mg的阿托伐他汀进行治疗,观察其对大鼠发病率、复发率、神经功能评分和组织病理改变的影响及程度,并测定基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)和IL-4在体内的表达及含量变化.结果 EAE模型组与大剂量治疗组相比较,神经功能评分有显著改善,发病率由76.67%下降至33.33%(P=O.008),脊髓组织中血管袖套数目由3.2±1.1减少为1.3±0.4(P=0.01),血清中IL-4的含量由(0.35±0.12)ng/ml显著提高至(0.68±0.23)ng/ml(P=0.05),MMP-9在组织中的表达由37±7减少至26±5(P=0.001).结论 阿托伐他汀能改善EAE的临床表现,减轻组织损伤,其作用可能与减少MMP-9和提高IL-4含量有关.     

连翘提取物对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎抗原特异性T细胞增殖和细胞因子分泌的影响

目的探索连翘提取物对髓鞘蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP)139-151特异性T细胞增殖及细胞因子分泌的影响。方法应用PLP139-151免疫SJL/J小鼠,免疫后10d取淋巴结细胞进行体外培养,按处理条件将淋巴细胞分为对照组、PLP抗原刺激组、大剂量连翘组、中剂量连翘组、小剂量连翘组。采用MTT法测定吸光度〔D(λ)〕值,以观察连翘提取物对淋巴细胞增殖的影响;ELISA法测定IFN-γ、IL-10的水平。结果对照组、PLP抗原刺激组、小剂量连翘组、中剂量连翘组、大剂量连翘组D(λ)值分别为0.20±0.017、0.47±0.022、0.60±0.041、0.74±0.027、0.80±0.073,PLP抗原刺激组与对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(t=-30.710,P<0.01);后四组比较差异具有统计学意义(F=416.06,P<0.001)。与对照组相比,PLP抗原刺激组IFN-γ水平增高(455.7±25.4vs.2507.0±79.8),IL-10水平降低(1702.2±87.4 vs.1167.4±58.7)(t=-69.602,t=16.063,均P<0.01)。与PLP抗原刺激组相比,小剂量、中剂量、大剂量连翘提取物组IFN-γ水平降低(2507.0±79.8 vs.360.6±43.1、349.0±38.2、288.3±23.2)(F=4628.61,P<0.001);IL-10水平增加(1167.4±58.7vs.1189.1±75.4、1208.2±78.1、1515.5±92.7)(F=454.230,P>0.05)。结论连翘提取物促进抗原特异性淋巴结细胞增殖,降低PLP139-151特异性淋巴细胞增殖分泌IFN,但对IL-10的分泌无影响。     

阿伐他汀对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎免疫功能的影响

目的观察阿伐他汀（Atorvastatin）对EAE的治疗作用并初探其治疗机制。方法以豚鼠脑、脊髓为原料提取髓鞘碱性蛋白MBP,免疫Lewis大鼠建立EAE模型。建模后每日对大鼠神经症状进行评分,采用ELISA法检测大鼠脾细胞培养上清液中IFN-γ、IL-12和IL-4水平。结果与EAE组相比,Atorvastatin组大鼠发病时间有所延迟,症状有不同程度减轻。与正常组相比,EAE组大鼠17d、21d时,IL-4水平明显升高（P〈0．01）,13,17,21d时IFN-γ、IL-12水平均明显升高（P〈0．01）;IFN-γ、IL-12浓度与神经症状评分有较强的正相关关系（RIFN-γ=0．904,P〈0．01;RIL-12=0．885,P〈0．01）。与EAE组相比,Atorvastatin组13d、17d时IL-4水平明显升高（P〈0．01）。IFN-γ、IL-12水平在13,17,21d时均显著低于EAE组（P〈0．05）。结论Alorvastalin能改善EAE大鼠的症状,其机制可能与纠正Th1／Th2失衡有关。     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎对大脑神经干细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)埘大脑神经干细胞(NSC)增殖能力的影响。方法将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为模型组、佐剂组和对照组,采用少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)抗原联合完全福氏佐剂(CFA)免疫模型组小鼠,佐剂组小鼠仅接受CFA免疫注射,对照组小鼠仅接受生理盐水注射。观察各组小鼠EAE症状评分,采用HE染色以及劳克坚牢蓝(LFB)髓鞘染色观察其脑和脊髓病理学改变,采用免疫荧光染色检测小鼠海马齿状回(DG)和侧脑室下区(SVZ)BrdU阳性细胞数量,以评价NSC增殖情况。结果模型组有14只(14/15)小鼠被成功诱导EAE,其症状达到高峰后短暂缓解,随后进入慢性持续期;而佐剂组和对照组小鼠均未出现任何EAE症状。模型组中枢神经系统存在大量炎性反应细胞浸润,在白质区可见多处LFB未着色的髓鞘脱失区;而佐剂组和对照组无明显病理学改变。佐剂组与对照组小鼠DG区和SVZ区BrdU阳性细胞数比较差异均无统计学意义。与佐剂组和对照组比较,模型组小鼠大脑SVZ区和DG颗粒下区BrdU阳性细胞均显著降低(均P0.05)。结论慢性持续型EAE可导致小鼠大脑NSC增殖能力下降。     

白细胞介素2、6、10在猴实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎发病中的作用

目的 了解血和脑脊液白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-6、IL-10在猴实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)发病机制和病情转归中的作用,并进一步阐明多发性硬化(MS)发病的免疫学机制.方法 用猴脑制成脑白质匀浆乳化剂,先制作猴EAE模型10只;随机选另1只猴,用完全福氏佐剂(CFA)0.4 ml皮下注射作对照组.然后对 EAE进行临床病情分级和病程分期,并在不同时期收集血和脑脊液的上清液,用酶增敏免疫分析法测定IL-2、IL-6、IL-10的浓度,用配对t检验进行统计学处理.结果 猴EAE发病前后血中IL-2、IL-6、IL-10有轻度变化,IL-2、IL-6发病后较发病前升高,但差异无显著意义.而猴EAE急性期第1、3周脑脊液IL-2(分别为5.0±0.8和5.3±1.2)较发病前(0.7±0.3)明显升高,P值分别为0.045,0.041,恢复期或慢性期IL-6、IL-10明显升高,P值各为0.004 3,0.006 5,差异有显著意义.结论 IL-2正向调节免疫,使EAE猴的病情加重;IL-6、IL-10负向调节免疫,使EAE猴的病情减轻.此结果 对今后研究EAE或MS的免疫学机制可能有重要指导作用.     

乌司他丁对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠神经的保护作用

目的 研究乌司他丁(UTI)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)髓鞘再生及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)表达的影响.方法 24只C57BIZ6雌性小鼠随机分成UTI组(U组)、对照组(S组)和正常组(N组),每组8只,以髓鞘染色观察腰髓髓鞘脱失情况,采用Western blot技术检测并比较各组脑组织BDNF、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、2',3'-环核甘酸-3'-磷酸水解酶(CNPase)表达浓度.结果 U组小鼠神经功能评分(第12、13、14、22、23、31、33、34、35天时分别为0、0.25、0.38、0.63、0.63、0.40、0.40、0.40和0.40分)明显低于S组(相同时点分别为0.55、0.88、1.00、1.75、2.25、1.00、1.00、1.00和1.00,U=16.00、15.00、14.50、7.50、0.00、14.0、14.50、12.00和14.50,均P＜0.05).U组小鼠髓鞘脱失程度较S组轻.Western blot结果显示U组脑组织BDNF、MBP、CNP(1.96±0.29、2.67±0.48和1.75±0.20)较S组(0.80±0.15、1.36±0.38和1.06±0.18)表达增高,差异具有统计学意义(LSD法,P＜0.05).结论 UTI对EAE具有神经保护作用,其机制可能是通过促进脑组织BDNF表达,保护少突胶质细胞、神经元及促进髓鞘再生.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on the expression of brainderived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF ) and remyelination in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE).Methods Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into UTI group (U),normal saline treated group (S) and normal control group (N,n = 8,respectively).Demyelinations in the spinal cord were observed by solochrome cyanin staining.The expression of BDNF,myelin basic protein (MBP),and 2',3 '-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) in brain tissue of each group were evaluated by Western blot.Results Average clinical scores in group U at the 12,13,14,22,23,31,33,34 and 35 days were 0,0.25,0.38,0.63,0.63,0.40,0.40,0.40 and 0.40 respectively.They were significantly lower than group S at the same time ( U= 16.00,15.00,14.50,7.50,0.00,14.50,14.50,12.00 and 14.50,all P ＜0.05).Solochrome cyanin staining showed that demyelination of spinal cord in group U was also significantly improved than group S.Expressions of BDNF ( 1.96 ± 0.29),MBP (2.67 ± 0.48 ) and CNP ( 1.75 ± 0.20) in group U were all significantly higher than group S ( There were 0.80 ± 0.15,1.36 ± 0.38 and 1.06 ± 0.18 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions UTI has protective effect on EAE.The possible mechanism is that it could promote remyelination,and protect oligodendrocytes and neurons in EAE model by increasing BDNF expression in brain.     

复方中药制剂对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠神经保护作用的研究

目的 探讨自制复方中药制剂对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠的疗效及相关机制.方法 选取SPF级雌性C57BL/6小鼠36只,采用皮下注射M OG35-55抗原免疫诱导EAE模型.将36只小鼠随机分为EA E模型组、中药组和激素组,每组各12只.自造模第14天起,中药组按体重20 g/kg给予自制复方中药灌胃,激...     

雌激素对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠的治疗作用及对基质金属蛋白酶-9表达的影响

目的 探讨雌激素对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)小鼠中枢神经系统(CNS)中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响.方法 用MeG35-55多肽诱发60只EAE小鼠模型,做去卵巢术.分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组予雌激素治疗.比较2组EAE小鼠的临床症状评分.取脑和脊髓,行HE染色观察各组EAE小鼠炎症反应;实时荧光定量PCR及免疫荧光染色法检测各组EAE小鼠CNS中MMP-9的表达.结果 治疗组EAE小鼠与对照组相比临床症状减轻(治疗组3.23±0.83,对照组1.62±1.00,t=3.811,P＜0 05)、发病率降低(治疗组8/30,对照组28/30);HE染色显示治疗组炎症细胞浸润(急性期0.895±0.206,缓解期0.752±0.302,慢性期0.732±0.183)较对照组(急性期3.472±0.635,缓解期2.881±0.662,慢性期1.891±0.482)减少(t=8.622、6.543、5.027,均P＜0.01),实时荧光定量PCR及免疫荧光染色结果示治疗组EAE小鼠CNS中MMP-9表达降低.结论 雌激素能抑制EAE小鼠CNS中MMP-9的表达,减轻EAE小鼠临床症状及炎症反应.

Abstract：

Objective To study the regulation effect of estrogen in expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the central nervous system (CNS) in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE).Methods The 60 mice were overiectomized and 2 weeks later EAE was induced with MOG35-55 peptide in these mice.They were divided into a treatment group and a control group.The treatment group was treated with estrogen and the control group was given PBS.Clinical symptoms in these two groups were scored and compared.HE staining was used to observe inflammation in the brain and spinal cord.The MMP-9 expression in the CNS was examined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining.Results The incidence of disease was lower (treatment and control group were 8/30 and 28/30 respectively) and clinical symptoms were milder (treatment and control group were 3.23±0.83 and 1.62 ±1.00 respectively,t=3.811 and P＜0.05) in the treatment group than those in the control group.HE staining showed the decreased infiltration of inflammatory cell in the treatment group (Treatment group:inflammatory score were 0.895 ±0.206,0.752 ±0.302,0.732 ±0.183 in acute,relief and chronic phase respectively;Control group:inflammatory score were 3.472 ±0.635,2.881 ±0.662,1.891 ± 0.482 in acute,relief and chronic phase respectively.t = 8.622,6.543 and 5.027,all P ＜ 0.05).The quantitative real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of MMP9 in the CNS was decreased in the treatment group.Conclusion Estrogen may decrease MMP-9 expression in the CNS,reduce inflammation and clinical symptoms in mice with EAE.     

Th17细胞与多发性硬化/实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎

多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)及其理想动物模型实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)是主要累及中枢神经系统的自身免疫性疾病.     

Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disabling autoimmune disease without an effective treatment in young adults. Ginsenoside Rd, extracted from Panax notoginseng, has multiple pharmacological effects and potential therapeutic applications in diseases of the central nervous system. In this study, we explore the efficacy of ginsenoside Rd in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established model of MS. EAE was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55‐amino‐acid peptide. Ginsenoside Rd (10–80 mg/kg/day) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administered on the disease onset day, and the therapy persisted throughout the experiments. The dose of 40 mg/kg/day of ginsenoside Rd was selected as optimal. Ginsenoside Rd effectively ameliorated the clinical severity in EAE mice, reduced the permeability of the blood–brain barrier, regulated the secretion of interferon‐gamma and interleukin‐4, promoted the Th2 shift in vivo (cerebral cortex) and in vitro (splenocytes culture supernatants), and prevented the reduction in expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in both cerebral cortex and lumbar spinal cord of EAE mice. This study establishes the potency of ginsenoside Rd in inhibiting the clinical course of EAE. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rd could be a promising agent for amelioration of neuroimmune dysfunction diseases such as MS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Active and passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in strain 129/J (H-2b) mice

Failure of C57BL/6J and C57BL/10Sn (H-2^b) mice to exhibit clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) has been interpreted to indicate that mice of this haplotype are resistant to EAE. Recently, we immunized strain 129/J (H-2^b) mice with rat MBP and found that clinical signs of EAE were expressed in the majority of animals within 2 to 3 weeks. Passive EAE was readily induced by adoptive transfer of MBP-specific T cell lines to syngeneic recipients. MBP peptide 89–101 and PLP peptide 178–191 induced EAE upon active immunization although proteolipid protein peptide 139–151 was ineffective in this regard. Strain 129/J mice never recovered fully from acute EAE, and signs of relapsing disease were not observed. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的视神经病理改变

目的 研究实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的视神经病理改变.方法 足垫皮下注射豚鼠脊髓匀浆和完全弗氏佐剂(CFA)混合物制作Wismr大鼠EAE模型,于发病后第6d将大鼠处死,取视神经、脑和脊髓,行HE和LFB染色,光镜和电镜下观察其病理改变.结果 病理检查发现EAE模型组大鼠脑、脊髓有不同程度的炎症反应和脱髓鞘改变;均有视神经病变,光镜主要表现为炎症反应和脱髓鞘,视神经髓鞘脱失重于炎症反应;电镜主要表现为髓鞘稀疏,少突胶质细胞数量减少、胞核固缩,其周围包裹的髓鞘板层松解,轴突髓鞘分离.结论 EAE大鼠存在明显的视神经病变,主要为视神经炎症反应和脱髓鞘改变.     

Ceruloplasmin gene‐deficient mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis show attenuated early disease evolution

We conducted a microarray study to identify genes that are differentially regulated in the spinal cords of mice with the inflammatory disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) relative to healthy mice. In total 181 genes with at least a two‐fold increase in expression were identified, and most of these genes were associated with immune function. Unexpectedly, ceruloplasmin (Cp), a ferroxidase that converts toxic ferrous iron to its nontoxic ferric form and also promotes the efflux of iron from astrocytes in the CNS, was shown to be highly upregulated (13.2‐fold increase) in EAE spinal cord. Expression of Cp protein is known to be increased in several neurological conditions, but the role of Cp regulation in CNS autoimmune disease is not known. To investigate this, we induced EAE in Cp gene knockout, heterozygous, and wild‐type mice. Cp knockout mice were found to have slower disease evolution than wild‐type mice (EAE days 13–17; P = 0.05). Interestingly, Cp knockout mice also exhibited a significant increase in the number of astrocytes with reactive morphology in early EAE compared with wild‐type mice at the same stage of disease. CNS iron levels were not increased with EAE in these mice. Based on these observations, we propose that an increase in Cp expression could contribute to tissue damage in early EAE. In addition, endogenous CP either directly or indirectly inhibits astrocyte reactivity during early disease, which could also worsen early disease evolution. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

一氧化氮供体对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎的作用

目的探讨一氧化氮供体3-吗啉-斯德酮亚胺(3-morpholinosydnonimine,SIN-1)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)大鼠的作用。方法应用豚鼠髓鞘碱性蛋白68-86(myelin basic protein 68-86,MBP68-86)主动免疫制作EAE实验动物模型。将大鼠随机分为SIN-1组和对照组,SIN-1组大鼠于致敏后第0~7天给予SIN-1药物干预,动态观察两组大鼠的临床症状及体质量变化,致敏后第14天采用ELISA方法检测各组大鼠单个核细胞(mononuclear cells,MNC)培养上清中γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平,并观察大鼠脑组织病理变化。结果与对照组比较,SIN-1组大鼠发病时间延迟,恢复时间提前,体质量明显增加,临床症状明显减轻;疾病症状最高评分明显降低。SIN-1组大鼠MNC培养上清中IFN-γ水平为(90.29±9.07)pg/mL,较对照组的(121.57±10.44)pg/mL明显降低(P<0.05);IL-4水平为(18.14±3.98)pg/mL,较对照组的(8.14±1.95)pg/mL明显增加(P<0.05)。SIN-1组大鼠组织病理损伤较对照组明显减轻。结论一氧化氮供体SIN-1可抑制EAE大鼠病情发展,对EAE具有保护作用。     

实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎小鼠的磁共振研究

目的研究动物模型实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)小 鼠中枢神经系统的MR表现。方法使用PLP139-151免疫接种雌性SJL／J小鼠诱导EAE。分别取复发期和缓解期 的EAE小鼠行脑和脊髓常规MR及Gd—DTPA增强MR扫描,并做组织病理学检查。结果PLP139-151能较好的诱 导出慢性复发-缓解型EAE模型,Gd-DTPA增强MR检查能充分显示血脑屏障的破坏,反映脑和脊髓的病灶,而且 显示的病灶相对信号强度复发期明显高于缓解期,在病灶处均可见炎症细胞浸润,髓鞘脱失,病灶周围或远离病灶 处炎症反应轻微。结论Gd—DTPA增强MR检查能准确反映血脑屏障的破坏,病变累及部位及病变程度,为今后使 用药物干预EAE判断疗效、指导进行较准确的病变部位取材时提供了一种更为客观的手段。     

Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by sulfasalazine

It has recently been suggested that the sulfidopeptide leukotriene C4 (LTC4), a 5-lipoxygenase product of the arachidonic acid metabolism and one of the most potent mediators of vascular permeability, might be involved in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Subsequently, 20 guinea pigs with EAE were treated with sulfasalazine, a substance with a proved leukotriene inhibiting effect, which has previously been described as exerting beneficial effects in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. The sulfasalazine-treated guinea pigs showed a significantly better clinical outcome, as well as a significantly lower histological inflammation score compared with 19 controls.