1-(2,6-二甲氧基)-2-(3,4-二甲基苯乙氨基)丙烷盐酸盐(DDPH)拮抗α1肾上腺素受体的特性

目的　研究DDPH对α₁-肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)及其亚型的拮抗作用。方法　放射配体结合实验和离体血管收缩功能实验。结果　DDPH对¹²⁵I-BE2254与大鼠脑皮质和脾脏α₁-AR结合呈竞争性拮抗作用。pK_I值在两者间无显著性差别, Hill系数均接近于1.0。在分别稳定表达α_1A,α_1B或α_1D-AR的克隆HEK293细胞中,其拮抗的pK_I值α_1A和α_1D比α_1B-AR高约2倍,Hill系数均接近于1.0。并拮抗去甲肾上腺素(NE)介导大鼠主动脉,肾动脉和脾脏收缩的pA₂值,在三者间无显著差别,斜率接近1.0。结论　DDPH对α₁-AR有竞争性拮抗作用,但其作用对α₁-AR亚型无选择性。     

大鼠左心耳三种亚型α1肾上腺素受体对β肾上腺素受体正性变力效应的不同影响

采用电驱动离体大鼠左心耳收缩功能实验研究三种亚型α₁-肾上腺素受体(AR)激动时对β-AR介导正性变力效应的影响. 结果发现,RS 17053(选择性拮抗α_1A-AR)或WB 4101(选择性拮抗α_1A和α_1D-AR)可使去甲肾上腺素(NE)的累积浓度 收缩效应曲线(CRC)显著左移;在BMY 7378(选择性拮抗α_1D-AR)和RS 17053存在下,NE仅激动α_1B和β-AR,其CRC较单独激动β-AR时显著左移;在WB 4101和去氧肾上腺素(Phe)同时存在下(仅激动α_1B-AR),异丙肾上腺素(Iso)的CRC较对照显著左移;用BMY 7378阻断α_1D-AR后,NE的CRC不发生明显的偏移;用RS 17053和螺哌隆阻断α_1A和α_1B-AR,用Phe仅激动α_1D-AR时,对Iso的CRC也无影响. 结果说明在大鼠左心耳α_1A-AR抑制,α_1B-AR增强,而α_1D-AR则不参与对β-AR介导正性变力效应的调节.     

四氢原小檗碱同类物对α1肾上腺素受体的拮抗作用

用放射配体结合实验与离体血管收缩功能实验相结合的方法,研究了4种四氢原小檗碱(tetrahydroproberberine,THPB)同类物对α₁-肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)的作用。结果显示左旋四氢巴马汀(l-THP),左旋千金藤立陡碱(l-SPD),四氢原小檗碱-18(THPB-18)和四氢小檗碱(THB)¹²⁵IBE2254¹²⁵I-2-β(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyaminomethyl-tetralone,¹²⁵IBE)与大鼠脑皮质α₁-AR的结合呈竞争性拮抗作用,pK_I值分别为5.54±0.36,5.56±0.47,5.75±0.56和6.01±0.60,Hill系数接近于1.0。并拮抗苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE)介导大鼠主动脉的收缩,pA₂值分别为5.48±0.58,5.66±0.54,5.64±0.34和5.45±0.76,斜率与1.0无显著性差别。结果提示,4种四氢原小檗碱同类物对α₁-AR均有非亚型选择性拮抗效应,且亲和性相同。     

吲哚哌啶-哌嗪类衍生物在α1肾上腺素受体介导的收缩反应中的生物学活性

目的 检测一批新合成的α₁-肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)拮抗剂对α₁-AR的选择性拮抗活性。方法 1 通过吲哚哌啶与哌嗪分子耦合衍生,得到一系列α₁-肾上腺素受体拮抗剂分子,化合物B1~B9,分别具有吲哚哌啶基和不同的取代基团。2 应用离体大鼠左心耳收缩功能实验,检测IPD, 化合物B1~B9对PE刺激下离体大鼠左心耳上α₁-AR的拮抗活性。3 采用Western印迹法检测IPD, 化合物B1~B9对PE刺激下293细胞内细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)磷酸化水平的影响。结果 1 成功合成了具有吲哚哌啶基和不同取代基团的潜在 α₁-AR拮抗剂。2 提前孵育α₁-AR 拮抗剂酚妥拉明或IPD, 化合物B1, B3, B4, B7, B8, B9, PE引起的离体大鼠左心耳的收缩反应均被有效抑制;其中IPD, 化合物B4和B8引起收缩曲线的明显右移,IPD, 化合物B4和 B8的pA₂值分别是6.72±0.21, 6.86±0.29 和 6.67±0.19。3 在稳定表达α_1A-AR的HEK293细胞内,化合物B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9或 IPD均较明显地抑制PE引起的ERK1/2的磷酸化增强;在稳定表达α_1B-AR 的HEK293细胞内,化合物B2, B4, B7或B8较明显地抑制PE引起的ERK1/2的磷酸化增强。 结论 化合物B4能够选择性地拮抗α_1B-AR的活性;化合物B1, B3, B5, B6, B9和 IPD能够选择性地拮抗α_1A-AR的活性。     

12月龄与3月龄大鼠心脏α1肾上腺素受体亚型的比较

采用［¹²⁵I］BE2254放射配体结合实验和离体灌流左心房收缩功能实验, 比较12月龄与3月龄大鼠心脏α₁肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)三种亚型分布及其介导的正性变力效应的差别. 结果显示与3月龄大鼠相比, 12月龄大鼠: (1) 心脏α₁-AR最大结合容量显著减少; 去甲肾上腺素(NE)通过激动α₁-AR引起的左心房累积浓度-收缩效应曲线显著右移; (2) (+)尼古地平, BMY7378和WB4101的高亲和性位点所占百分比显著下降; (3)氯乙基可乐定预处理使NE引起的左心房最大收缩效应的下降幅度, 以及舍吲哚, BMY7378和WB4101拮抗NE介导正性变力效应的pA₂值均无显著差异. 提示12月龄大鼠较3月龄大鼠心脏α₁-AR总数减少, 且以α_1A和α_1D-AR亚型更为显著; α₁-AR介导的正性变力效应明显降低, α_1B-AR的功能效率降低最为明显.     

双重作用的多巴胺D2/5-HT2A受体拮抗剂比较药效团分析

双重作用的多巴胺D₂/5-HT_2A受体拮抗剂是开发非典型抗精神病药物的有效途径,但最新研究显示, 非典型抗精神病药物将显著增加患者因心律失常及其他心脏疾病而猝死的风险,本文对D₂/5-HT_2A受体拮抗剂的药效团模型以及可能引起心血管风险的α_1A肾上腺素受体拮抗剂和hERG K⁺通道阻断剂的药效团模型进行比较分析,从药效团模型的角度分析多靶点药物的设计。     

大鼠前列腺α1-肾上腺素受体亚型分析

用离体组织收缩功能实验和放射配体结合实验, 分析大鼠前列腺α₁-肾上腺素受体(α₁-AR)三种亚型的分布及其介导的收缩效应. 结果显示: 标本经用氯乙基可乐定(CEC)预处理后,去氧肾上腺素(PE)介导的最大收缩效应无明显下降, α₁-AR亚型选择性拮抗剂5-MU, WB4101, 萘哌地尔, 尼古地平, BMY7378抑制PE介导前列腺收缩的pA₂值与克隆α_1A-AR亚型的K_i值呈高度相关(r=0.91). 在放射配体结合实验中, 标本经CEC预处理后, ［¹²⁵I］BE与α₁-AR的最大结合容量由1.09±0.32 nmol·g^-1蛋白质明显下降至0.33±0.08 nmol·g^-1蛋白质. α_1A-, α_1B- , α_1D-AR密度分别约占总受体密度的15%, 65%和20%. 结果提示大鼠前列腺中尽管α₁-AR三种亚型均有分布, 但引起平滑肌收缩的功能性α₁-AR以α_1A-AR为主.     

脑5-HT1A/1B、α2受体及腺苷酸环化酶参与了胍丁胺的抗抑郁作用

为了在单胺受体及受体后腺苷酸环化酶(adenylate cyclase,AC)水平探讨胍丁胺(agmatine,AGM)抗抑郁作用的精细机制,采用小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验观察AGM抗抑郁行为改变。采用放射免疫方法测定大鼠前额皮层突触膜蛋白AC活性。结果表明,AGM(5～40 mg·kg^-1,ig)在小鼠悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验模型上均有显著抗抑郁活性。同时伍用β受体/5-HT_1A/1B受体阻断剂吲哚洛尔(pindolol, PIN, 20 mg·kg^-1, ip)、 α₂肾上腺素受体拮抗剂育亨宾(yohimbine, YOH, 5～10 mg·kg^-1, ip)或咪唑克生(idazoxan, IDA, 4 mg·kg^-1, ip)对AGM(40 mg·kg^-1, ig)的抗抑郁活性具有显著拮抗效应; 而β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔(propranolol, PRO, 5～20 mg·kg^-1, ip)或5-HT₃受体拮抗剂曲匹西隆(tropisetron, TRO, 5～40 mg·kg^-1, ip)对AGM(40 mg·kg^-1, ig)的抗抑郁活性无显著影响。AGM(0.1～6.4 μmol·L^-1)与大鼠前额皮层提取的突触膜共孵可剂量依赖地激活AC活性, 而PIN(1 μmol·L^-1)或YOH(0.25～1 μmol·L^-1)均显著拮抗AGM(6.4 μmol·L^-1)对AC的激活作用; 慢性给予大鼠AGM(10 mg·kg^-1, ig, bid)或氟西汀(fluoxetine, FLU, 10 mg·kg^-1, ig, bid) 2 w也显著增强大鼠前额皮层基础及Gpp(NH)p 预激活的AC活性。本研究表明, 调节脑内5-HT_1A/1B和α₂等受体功能, 并激活前额皮层AC可能是AGM抗抑郁活性的重要机制之一。     

可变误差多面体法用于多种维生素的同时测定

本文基于对多元校正分析模型的简要讨论,探索了应用可变误差多面体法同时测定维生索B₁,B₂,B₆和烟酰胺的可行性。其结果准确度和精密度均较满意。维生素B₁,B₂,B₆及烟酰胺的回收率分别是99.8±0.9%(CV),100.1±0.8%(CV),100.2±2.1%,100.1±0.7%(CV)。结果表明,通过公式K_S=A_SC_S^T(C_SC_S^T)^-1计算校正系数矩阵K_S,并结合可变误差多面体法这一直接求解方法,能有效地提高分析结果的准确度,克服组分间的交互作用及病态,是多元校正分析的较佳策略之一。     

美西律衍生物对α1肾上腺素受体的作用

为寻找新的α₁受体阻断剂,用[³H]-WB4101配体测定法测定了18种美西律衍生物。结果表明,其中6种化合物对大鼠脑皮层α₁受体有不同程度的亲和力。凡具有手性碳结构的化合物亲和力都较高。化合物M-85001的亲和力较妥拉唑林(tolazoline)高一个数量级并能抑制苯肾上腺素引起的大鼠肛尾肌收缩,其pA₂(6.86)与pK_i(6.51)相近。结果提示,美西律衍生物对α₁-受体的亲和力可能与手性碳结构有关,从美西律衍生物中研制新的α₁-受体阻断剂是有前途的。     

Occupancy of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and contraction of rat vas deferens

The interaction of agonists and antagonists with alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens was examined using radioligand binding assays and contractility measurements. 125I-Labeled BE 2254 (125IBE) was found to bind rapidly and reversibly to a single class of high-affinity binding sites in homogenates of rat vas deferens. The k1 for association was 3.8 X 10(7) 1/mole-sec, the k-1 for dissociation was 2.3 X 10(-3) sec-1, and the KD was 105 pM. The order of potency for antagonists inhibiting 125IBE binding was prazosin greater than indoramin greater than phentolamine greater than yohimbine. Norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and other alpha-adrenergic agonists produced dose-dependent contractions of whole vas deferens in vitro. This contractile response was competitively inhibited by alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs with the same potency order observed for inhibition of specific 125IBE binding. Comparison of pA2 values for alpha 1- and alpha 2-selective antagonists competitively inhibiting contractile responses to norepinephrine, epinephrine, or phenylephrine suggested that these drugs caused their contractile effects solely through alpha 1-adrenergic receptors, and that there were no alpha 2-adrenergic receptors mediating contraction in this tissue. The pA2 values for antagonist inhibition of alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated contractile responses were highly correlated (r = 0.995) with the KD values for antagonist inhibition of 125IBE binding in this tissue. The EC50 values for partial agonists were also highly correlated with the KD values for inhibition of 125IBE binding in vas deferens. However, the EC50 values of full agonists in causing contraction were in general 10- to 100-fold lower than the KD values for inhibiting 125IBE binding, possibly representing a substantial "spare receptor" population in this tissue. The results suggest that rat vas deferens contains a homogeneous population of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors mediating the contractile response to norepinephrine, that these receptors can be directly labeled with 125IBE, and that there may be a nonlinear relationship between agonist occupancy of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and the functional response of this tissue.     

Two distinct alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in rabbit liver: a binding study.

1. The characteristics of alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes present on rabbit liver membranes were determined by radioligand binding and compared with the characteristics of binding in rat liver. 2. In saturation experiments using rabbit liver, [3H]-prazosin bound to two distinct affinity sites (pKD = 10.3 +/- 0.19 and 8.13 +/- 0.17, Bmax = 11.6 +/- 3.3 and 657.8 +/- 198.0 fmol mg-1 protein, respectively). In studies using rat liver, [3H]-prazosin bound to a single affinity site (pKD = 9.98 +/- 0.27, Bmax = 190.5 +/- 38.5 fmol mg-1 protein). 3. In competition experiments, unlabelled prazosin displaced biphasically the binding of 200 pM [3H]-prazosin to the rabbit liver; the resulting two pK1 values (9.85 +/- 0.08 and 8.01 +/- 0.09) were consistent with the affinity constants obtained in the saturation experiments. Two sites were also recognized by doxazosin (pKI 9.73 +/- 0.78 and 8.12 +/- 0.34), 2-(2,6-dimethoxy phenoxyethyl)-aminomethyl-1,4-benzo-dioxane (WB4101) pKI (9.74 +/- 0.32 and 7.57 +/- 0.34) and 5-methylurapidil (pKI 8.69 +/- 0.27 and 6.75 +/- 0.35), and the population of low affinity sites for the three antagonists was approximately 70%. Two distinct affinity constants (pKI 8.55 +/- 0.09 and 7.90 +/- 0.09) were also calculated for alpha-ethyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy-alpha-(3-((2-(2-methoxyphenoxy) ethyl)-amino)-propyl)-benzeneacetonitrile fumarate (HV723). 4. By contrast, [3H]-prazosin binding sites of rat liver membranes were detected as a single population with a high affinity for prazosin (pKI 10.01 +/- 0.08), and doxazosin (pKI 9.67 +/- 0.20) but with a low affinity for WB4101 (pKI 8.25 +/- 0.09), 5-methylurapidil (pKI 7.22 +/- 0.01) and HV723 (pKI 8.88 +/- 0.05). 5. These results indicate the presence of two distinct alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes in the rabbit liver, but only a single site in rat liver. The pharmacological characteristics of prazosin-high and -low sites in rabbit liver suggest identity with alpha 1A and putative alpha 1L subtypes, respectively. The site in rat liver is of the alpha 1B subtype.     

"Spare" alpha 1-adrenergic receptors and the potency of agonists in rat vas deferens

The existence of "spare" alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens was examined directly using radioligand binding assays and contractility measurements. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in homogenates of rat vas deferens were labeled with [125I]BE 2254 (125IBE). Norepinephrine and other full alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonists were much less potent in inhibiting 125IBE binding than in contracting the vas deferens in vitro. Treatment with 300 nM phenoxybenzamine for 10 min to irreversibly inactivate alpha 1-adrenergic receptors caused a large decrease in the potency of full agonists in causing contraction of this tissue and a 23-48% decrease in the maximal contraction observed. Using those data, equilibrium constants for activation (Kact values) of the receptors by agonists were calculated. These Kact values agreed well with the equilibrium binding constants (KD values) determined from displacement of 125IBE binding. The reduction in alpha 1-adrenergic receptor density following phenoxybenzamine treatment was determined by Scatchard analysis of specific 125IBE binding sites and compared with the expected reduction (q values) calculated from the agonist dose-response curves before and after phenoxybenzamine treatment. Exposure to 300 nM phenoxybenzamine for 10 min resulted in a 39% decrease in specific 125IBE binding sites, which did not agree with the 93% decrease expected from the calculated q values. Treatment of vas deferens with a dose of phenoxybenzamine (10 microM for 15 min) that completely abolished the contractile response to alpha 1-adrenergic agonists caused an 82% decrease in the density of 125IBE binding sites. Tissues exposed to 300 nM phenoxybenzamine in the presence of 100 microM phentolamine or 3 microM prazosin showed no change in the dose-response curves for agonist-induced contraction or in the density of 125IBE binding sites when compared with controls. This suggests that phenoxybenzamine functionally inactivates alpha 1-adrenergic receptors at or near the receptor binding site. These experiments suggest that the potencies of agonists in activating alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens agree well with their potencies in binding to the receptors. The greater potency of agonists in causing contraction may be due to spare receptors in this tissue. The data also demonstrate that phenoxybenzamine irreversibly inactivates alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens, but that the decrease in receptor density is much smaller than that predicted from receptor theory.     

Heterogeneity of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors revealed by chlorethylclonidine

Chlorethylclonidine (CEC) has previously been shown to inactivate only a subpopulation of the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor binding sites in rat brain. We compared alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in different tissues to determine whether such selective inactivation might reveal the presence of distinct receptor subtypes. Pretreatment of broken cell preparations with 10 microM CEC for 10 min caused a 70-80% decrease in the density of specific 125IBE 2254 binding sites in rat liver and spleen, a 25% decrease in neocortex, but no significant loss in kidney, hippocampus, heart, vas deferens, or caudal artery. The effect of CEC in liver was not reversed by extensive washing, suggesting irreversible inactivation. The selectivity between different tissues was due to differences in the efficacy of CEC inactivating the binding sites and not due to differences in binding affinity. To determine whether the effects on 125IBE 2254 binding reflected selective inactivation of functional receptors, contractile responses of rat spleen and vas deferens were examined. Pretreatment of intact tissues with 100 microM CEC for 30 min caused a large decrease in the potency and maximal contraction to norepinephrine in spleen but had no effect in vas deferens. Inhibition of specific 125IBE 2254 binding by various agonists and antagonists was determined in CEC-sensitive (liver, spleen) and insensitive (hippocampus, vas deferens) tissues. Although many drugs had similar affinities in all tissues, others were substantially less potent in the CEC-sensitive tissues. These experiments suggest that there are at least two subtypes of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors with different pharmacological properties in mammalian tissues, only one of which is inactivated by CEC.     

Functional α1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human right gastroepiploic artery

AIM: To study the functional alpha1-adrenergic receptor (alpha1-AR) subtypes in human right gastroepiploic artery (RGA). METHODS: The effects of alpha2-AR, alpha1-AR, and alpha1-AR subtype selective antagonists on norepinephrine (NE)-induced vasoconstriction in isolated human RGA were observed by contractile function experiment. RESULTS: Cumulative concentration-response curves for NE were competitively antagonized in RGA by alpha2-AR selective antagonist yohimbine (pA2 6.82+/-0.28, slope 1.12+/-0.40),alpha1-AR selective antagonist prazosin (pA2 9.77+/-0.22, slope 0.90+/-0.22),alpha1A-AR selective antagonists RS17053 (pA2 8.42+/-0.20, slope 0.93+/-0.20) and 5-MU (pA2 8.42+/-0.22, slope 0.88+/-0.18),alpha1D-AR selective antagonist BMY7378 (pA2 6.84+/-0.32, slope 1.05+/-0.17), and alpha1A-,alpha1B-AR selective antagonist WB4101 (pA2 8.88+/-0.20, slope 1.15+/-0.16). The correlation coefficients between these pA2 values of alpha1-AR selective antagonists with pKi values of which obtained from alpha1A-, alpha1B- and alpha1D-AR cloned cells are 0.95, 0.82, and 0.42. After the vessels were pretreated by chlorethylclonidine (CEC), an alpha1B- and alpha1D-AR irreversible alkylating agent, the pD2 values were changed from 5.9+/-0.5 to 5.6+/-0.6 and the maximal contraction was changed from (8.9+/-3.2) g to (8.0+/-3.2) g, respectively. The difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: In human RGA, the contraction response is mainly mediated by alpha1-AR, of which alpha1A-AR plays an important role, whereas alpha1B- and alpha1D-AR are not involved in the contraction response.     

Abnormal regulation of the sympathetic nervous system in alpha2A-adrenergic receptor knockout mice.

alpha2-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) play a key role in regulating neurotransmitter release in the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous systems. To date, three subtypes of alpha2-ARs have been cloned (alpha2A, alpha2B, and alpha2C). Here we describe the physiological consequences of disrupting the gene for the alpha2A-AR. Mice lacking functional alpha2A subtypes were compared with wild-type (WT) mice, with animals lacking the alpha2B or alpha2C subtypes, and with mice carrying a point mutation in the alpha2A-AR gene (alpha2AD79N). Deletion of the alpha2A subtype led to an increase in sympathetic activity with resting tachycardia (knockout, 581 +/- 21 min-1; WT, 395 +/- 21 min-1), depletion of cardiac tissue norepinephrine concentration (knockout, 676 +/- 31 pg/mg protein; WT, 1178 +/- 98 pg/mg protein), and down-regulation of cardiac beta-ARs (Bmax: knockout, 23 +/- 1 fmol/mg protein; WT, 31 +/- 2 fmol/mg protein). The hypotensive effect of alpha2 agonists was completely absent in alpha2A-deficient mice. Presynaptic alpha2-AR function was tested in two isolated vas deferens preparations. The nonsubtype-selective alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine completely blocked the contractile response to electrical stimulation in vas deferens from alpha2B-AR knockout, alpha2C-AR knockout, alpha2AD79N mutant, and WT mice. The maximal inhibition of vas deferens contraction by the alpha2 agonist in alpha2A-AR knockout mice was only 42 +/- 9%. [3H]Norepinephrine release studies performed in vas deferens confirmed these findings. The results indicate that the alpha2A-AR is a major presynaptic receptor subtype regulating norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerves; however, the residual alpha2-mediated effect in the alpha2A-AR knockout mice suggests that a second alpha2 subtype (alpha2B or alpha2C) also functions as a presynaptic autoreceptor to inhibit transmitter release.     

8-NH2-boldine, an antagonist of alpha1A and alpha1B adrenoceptors without affinity for the alpha1D subtype: structural requirements for aporphines at alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes

Structure-activity analysis of 21 aporphine derivatives was performed by examining their affinities for cloned human alpha (1A), alpha (1B) and alpha (1D) adrenoceptors (AR) using membranes prepared from rat-1 fibroblasts stably expressing each alpha (1)-AR subtype. All the compounds tested competed for [ (125)I]-HEAT binding with steep and monophasic curves. The most interesting compound was 8-NH (2)-boldine, which retains the selective affinity for alpha(1A)-AR (pKi = 6.37 +/- 0.21) vs. alpha(1B)-AR (pKi = 5.53 +/- 0.11) exhibited by 1,2,9,10-tetraoxygenated aporphines, but shows low affinity for alpha(1D)-AR (pKi < 2.5). Binding studies on native adrenoceptors present in rat cerebral cortex confirms the results obtained for human cloned alpha (1)-AR subtypes. The compounds selective for the alpha (1A) subtype discriminate two binding sites in rat cerebral cortex confirming a mixed population of alpha (1A)- and alpha (1B)-AR in this tissue. All compounds are more selective as inhibitors of [ (3)H]-prazosin binding than of [ (3)H]-diltiazem binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes. A close relationship was found between affinities obtained for cloned alpha (1A)-AR and inhibitory potencies on noradrenaline-induced contraction or inositol phosphate accumulation in tail artery, confirming that there is a homogeneous functional population of alpha(1A)-AR in this vessel. On the contrary, a poor correlation seems to exist between the affinity of 8-NH (2)-boldine for cloned alpha (1D)-AR and its potency as an inhibitor of noradrenaline-induced contraction or inositol phosphate accumulation in rat aorta, which confirms that a heterogeneous population of alpha (1)-AR mediates the adrenergic response in this vessel.     

α_1肾上腺素受体激动剂的亚型选择性

采用放射配基竞争抑制实验和收缩功能实验相结合的方法，比较几种α１肾上腺素受体（α１－ＡＲ）激动剂对α１－ＡＲ两种亚型亲和性的异同，在放射配基竞争抑制实验中，以氯乙基可乐定预温育的海马粗制细胞膜标本中的α１－ＡＲ代表α１Ａ－ＡＲ亚型，以纯化的肝细胞膜标本中的α１－ＡＲ代表α１Ｂ－ＡＲ亚型，显示去甲肾上腺素，苯福林和Ａ５７２１９对两种α１－ＡＲ亚型的ｐＫｉ值无明显差异，而甲氧明和羟甲唑啉对α１Ａ－ＡＲ亚型的ｐＫｉ值显著大于α１Ｂ－ＡＲ亚型，离体血管收缩实验中，以氯乙基可乐定预温育的肾动脉和硝苯地平存在下的主动脉中，α１－ＡＲ介导的收缩分别代表α１Ａ－和α１Ｂ－ＡＲ亚型介导的生物效应，结果显示，苯福林在两种血管收缩实验中表现解离常数Ｋａｐｐ值无显著性差异，而甲氧明和羟甲唑啉的Ｋａｐｐ值则在肾动脉显著小于主动脉。上述结果提示去甲肾上腺素，苯福林和Ａ５７２１９对α１－ＡＲ的两种亚型没有选择性，而甲氧明与羟甲唑啉对α１Ａ－ＡＲ亚型的亲和性明显大于α１Ｂ－ＡＲ亚型。     

Differential regulation on human skin fibroblast by alpha1 adrenergic receptor subtypes

Alpha 1 adrenoceptor (alpha1-AR) regulation of DNA synthesis was studied in human neonatal foreskin fibroblast. Saturation assay with a specific radioligand for alpha1 adrenergic [3H]-prazosin revealed two saturated and specific binding sites with high or low affinity. Competitive binding assay with different antagonist subtypes, defined pharmacologically three major types of alpha1-AR. The alpha1-AR agonists (from 1x10(-10) to 1x10(-4) M) triggered a biphasic action on DNA synthesis reaching maximal stimulation at 1x10(-9) M and maximal inhibition at 1x10(-6) M. Prazosin, abolished the stimulatory (pA2: 9.24) and inhibitory (pA2: 8.80) actions of alpha1-AR agonists. The alpha1-AR stimulation resulted in the activation of phosphoinositide turnover (InsP) via phospholipase C (PLC) involving calcium/calmodulin (CaM) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that correlates with the DNA synthesis increment; whereas the inhibition resulted in a decrease of cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation via adenylate cyclase inhibition. The potency displayed by the specific antagonists tested in binding, DNA synthesis, InsP and NOS at low agonist concentration suggests that they can be elicited by the activation of the same receptor (alpha1B-AR subtype); while the decrement in DNA synthesis and cAMP at high concentration account by the activation of alpha1D-AR coupled to Gi protein. Non-functional alpha1A-AR in neonatal human foreskin fibroblast was observed. Results suggest that the expression of alpha1-AR subtypes on human skin fibroblast may differentially activate signaling pathways that modulate physiological response of the cells.