带蒂鼻腔底黏骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔穿孔11例

目的:探讨采用以鼻腔底后端为基蒂的黏骨膜瓣旋转修补鼻中隔穿孔的疗效。方法:用类似鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术的方法分离鼻中隔穿孔周边的黏软骨膜及骨膜,并向下连接左鼻腔底后端为基蒂的黏骨膜瓣,将黏骨膜瓣向后上旋转,覆盖并缝合于穿孔周边的黏软骨膜及骨膜袋内。结果:11例鼻中隔穿孔修补患者均一期愈合,修补成功。结论:采用自体带蒂鼻腔底黏骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔穿孔,取材方便;无排斥反应;带蒂黏骨膜瓣血供良好,成活率高;鼻腔底部黏骨膜面积宽而长,修补较大穿孔时,可根据穿孔的大小和形状,提供足够的移植材料。     

带蒂鼻腔黏骨膜瓣联合鼻中隔减张皮瓣修补鼻中隔穿孔(附3例报告)

目的探讨鼻中隔穿孔修补术的方法。方法3例鼻中隔穿孔病人采用鼻内镜联合显微镜下,应用带蒂鼻腔黏骨膜瓣翻转联合鼻中隔减张皮瓣修补术,并用保湿物鼻腔填塞方式。结果随访1~2年,3例鼻中隔穿孔手术修补成功。结论鼻内镜联合显微镜下,应用带蒂鼻黏骨膜瓣翻转联合鼻中隔减张皮瓣修补术是修补鼻中隔穿孔行之有效的治疗方法。     

鼻内镜下带蒂鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣转位联合游离下鼻甲黏膜瓣修补鼻中隔穿孔

目的探讨鼻内镜下行带蒂鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣转位联合游离下鼻甲黏膜瓣修补鼻中隔穿孔的疗效及分析手术经验。方法 2006年2月~2013年12月我院收治的鼻中隔穿孔患者12例,在鼻内镜下鼻中隔穿孔一侧行带蒂鼻中隔黏骨膜转位贴补联合另一侧游离下鼻甲黏膜组织瓣贴补术,术后随访观察鼻中隔穿孔修补创面愈合情况及修补效果。结果 12例鼻中隔穿孔均一期修补成功,随访3个月以上未见再穿孔。结论鼻内窥镜下行带蒂鼻中隔黏骨膜瓣转位联合游离下鼻甲黏膜瓣修补鼻中隔是一种操作方便、安全、可靠的方法。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔带蒂黏膜瓣修复鼻中隔穿孔和脑脊液鼻漏

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔带蒂黏膜瓣用于修补鼻中隔穿孔和脑脊液鼻漏的疗效。方法2005年8月～2008年2月北京同仁医院鼻科共11例鼻中隔穿孔和8例脑脊液鼻漏患者。鼻中隔穿孔位于鼻中隔前部,穿孔大小0.8 cm～2.0 cm,在鼻内镜下采用邻近穿孔后上方的鼻中隔带蒂黏骨膜瓣(黏软骨膜瓣)向前下反转覆盖于鼻中隔穿孔黏膜缺损处,对侧采用穿孔前下方带蒂黏骨膜瓣(黏软骨膜瓣)和鼻底黏膜瓣或下鼻甲带蒂黏膜瓣覆盖修补穿孔。8例脑脊液鼻漏患者,2例漏出部位在嗅裂,5例漏出部位在筛顶,1例漏出部位位于嗅裂延续至后筛顶,面积大小为0.1 cm×0.8 cm～0.3 cm×0.8 cm。采用邻近的鼻中隔带蒂黏骨膜瓣反转覆盖于缺损处,必要时黏膜瓣中间夹层钩突或中鼻甲骨片,外覆邻近的鼻中隔带蒂黏膜瓣修补漏出部位。结果11例鼻中隔穿孔和8例脑脊液鼻漏均一次修补成功,随访3个月～3年,未见复发。鼻中隔黏膜转瓣后供区黏膜缺损区在2周后基本上皮化。结论鼻中隔带蒂黏骨膜瓣(黏软骨膜瓣)自身有血供,成活率高,获取容易,取材区域广泛,转蒂距离充足,是修补鼻中隔穿孔和嗅裂和筛顶脑脊液鼻漏的良好材料。     

钛膜支架植入联合鼻腔底黏骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔大穿孔(附11例报告)

目的：探讨应用医用超薄钛膜作支架植入联合鼻腔底带蒂黏膜瓣修补中等以上鼻中隔穿孔的效果。方法：自一侧鼻腔底部作一黏骨膜瓣以鼻中隔穿孔下缘为蒂经穿孔处翻向对侧,于黏骨膜下嵌入式植入一块约大于穿孔的超薄钛膜支架封闭穿孔,并缝合固定。结果：11例患者鼻中隔穿孔均1次修补成功,鼻中隔基本平直,鼻腔通气良好,随访6～12个月,无排异反应及鼻中隔穿孔。结论：钛膜极薄,具有良好的组织相容性,可作为支架植入修补较大的鼻中隔穿孔。     

上颌骨前壁带蒂肌骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔大穿孔2例

我院自2001年采用上颌骨前壁带蒂肌骨膜瓣,经鼻底隧道修补鼻中隔大穿孔2例,全部Ⅰ期成活,疗效满意,报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料 男1例,25岁;女1例,27岁。2例均为鼻中隔矫正术后并发穿孔,穿孔部位均在鼻中隔软骨部,穿孔大小均约2.0 cm×1.5 cm。男性患者曾行耳后骨膜修补穿孔未获成功,女性患者曾行鼻粘膜转瓣修补穿孔未获成功。     

上颌骨前壁带蒂骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔前部穿孔

临床上鼻中隔较大穿孔修补比较困难。1 995年1月～ 1 998年 3月 ,我们利用上颌骨前壁带蒂骨膜瓣修补鼻中隔前部中等穿孔 5例 ,穿孔全部闭合。报告如下。1　资料与方法5例患者中 ,男 4例 ,女 1例 ;年龄 2 8～ 54岁。2例有不良的挖鼻习惯 ,3例为鼻中隔矫正术后继发性鼻中隔穿孔。均有鼻腔干燥、结痂及反复鼻出血病史。鼻腔检查 :无炎症、肉芽及肿物 ,无全身性慢性疾病。鼻中隔穿孔呈圆形或椭圆形 ,直径 1 .0～1 .5cm。穿孔全部在鼻中隔软骨前部或鼻中隔软骨与梨鼻软骨交界处。术前准备 :术前 1周用生理盐水 50 0 ml加庆大霉素 8万 u冲洗鼻腔 ,…     

鼻中隔大穿孔鼻腔外侧壁双蒂粘骨膜瓣修补术（摘要）

鼻中隔大穿孔鼻腔外侧壁双蒂粘骨膜瓣修补术（摘要）勾大君，黄淼我们于１９８４～１９９３年采用鼻腔外侧壁双蒂粘骨膜瓣修补不同原因所致的鼻中隔大穿孔１６例，其穿孔长径均在２０ｍｍ以上，全部穿孔Ⅰ期愈合，报道如下。一、手术方法：１．局麻下沿鼻颊沟将一侧鼻翼切...     

鼻内镜下带蒂黏骨膜瓣转移修补鼻中隔穿孔

鼻中隔穿孔在耳鼻咽喉科临床上并非少见，选择适宜的病例，进行手术修补，术后局部处理得当，多能成功。2000年1月～2007年10月，我科收治鼻中隔穿孔13例，采取鼻内镜下带蒂黏骨膜瓣转移修补鼻中隔穿孔，成功12例，疗效满意。     

双蒂鼻腔黏膜瓣修补鼻中隔穿孔

鼻中隔穿孔修补方式有多种,我们于2010年1月～2011年9月利用残余的鼻中隔软骨、筛骨垂直板联合鼻腔双蒂黏膜瓣修补鼻中隔大穿孔8例,效果满意,现介绍如下。     

鼻内镜辅助下外鼻整形同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正术

目的 总结33例外鼻畸形伴鼻中隔偏曲患者施行内镜辅助下鼻整形术同期鼻中隔偏曲矫正术的临床资料,分析手术方法和术后疗效。 方法 患者均在全麻下经鼻小柱鼻前庭做切口,骨膜下暴露鼻骨及上颌骨额突,在内镜辅助下进行截骨整复并矫正鼻中隔,酌情将取出的自体鼻中隔骨质及软骨条修整后填于塌陷处或支撑鼻小柱、修整鼻尖等。术中可同期行下鼻甲成形术。随访3个月以上。 结果 全部患者术后均取得满意的整形效果,鼻腔通气良好。 结论 鼻内镜辅助下鼻整形术同期行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术效果好,无排异反应,不仅能改善鼻部外观,而且能改善鼻腔通气效果。     

布地奈德鼻腔雾化治疗鼻息肉的作用

目的探讨布地奈德鼻腔雾化治疗鼻息肉的可行性。方法对20例鼻息肉患者行布地奈德鼻腔雾化治疗,并以20例地塞米松静滴治疗作为对照,测定鼻息肉组织中T细胞激素分泌调节因子（regulated on activalion、normal T-cell expressed and secreted,RANTES）的表达及嗜酸性粒细胞数量的变化,结合扫描电镜观察鼻息肉表面纤毛的情况明确其治疗效果。结果经布地奈德治疗后鼻息肉组织中RANTES的表达较治疗前显著降低（P〈0.05）,且嗜酸性粒细胞也随之下降,二者具一定的相关性;但与对照组相比差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。而布地奈德治疗组鼻息肉纤毛治疗后排列整齐,恢复部分功能。结论布地奈德鼻腔雾化治疗鼻息肉可下调RANTES的表达,减少嗜酸性粒细胞的局部浸润,同时恢复部分鼻息肉纤毛的功能。     

Internal nasal dimensions of adults with nasal obstruction

Nasal septum deviation (SD) and turbinate hypertrophy (TH) increase the resistance to respiratory airflow and may impair nasal patency.ObjectiveTo characterize the nasal geometry of individuals with nasal obstruction secondary to SD and/or TH by means of acoustic rhinometry.MethodThis prospective study included 30 adults with complaints of nasal obstruction (NO) and SD + TH (n = 24), SD (n = 5) or TH (n = 1) seen by clinical examination. The cross-sectional areas of the three main dips of the rhinogram (CSA₁, CSA₂, CSA₃), the distance between them and the nostrils (dCSA₁, dCSA₂, dCSA₃), and the volumes of segments 1.0-3.2 cm (V₁), 3.3-6.4 cm (V₂), and 7.0-12.0 cm (V₃) were measured before and after nasal decongestion (DN). For analysis, right and left cross-sectional areas and volumes were added and mean dCSA was calculated.ResultsMean values (± standard deviation) before ND were: 0.83 ± 0.23 (CSA₁), 1.66 ± 0.52 (CSA₂), and 2.36 ± 0.77 (CSA₃) cm²; 2.19 ± 0.20 (dCSA₁), 4.01 ± 0.33 (dCSA₂), and 5.85 ± 0.37 (dCSA₃) cm; 2.77 ± 0.51 (V₁), 6.52 ± 1.99 (V₂), and 26.00 ± 9.62 (V₃) cm³; all values were lower than laboratory reference values (p < 0.05). ND led to proportionally greater increases of sectional areas and volumes in the NO group, suggesting an associated functional component. Individual analysis revealed 12 cases with normal results despite nasal obstruction.ConclusionMost patients with structural nasal obstruction had results suggestive of nasal patency impairment in acoustic rhinometry.     

鼻内镜下鼻骨复位术25例报告

目的：探讨鼻内镜下鼻骨复位术的可行性。方法：对25例闭合性鼻骨骨折患者，在仰卧位下行鼻内镜检查、直视下行鼻骨塌陷处的局部浸润麻醉、鼻骨复位。结果：内镜下25例均可观察到鼻骨向后移位及4例伴有鼻中隔骨折，局部麻醉效果好，直视下准确将复位器置鼻骨塌陷处，并同时处理伴发鼻中隔骨折。结论：鼻内镜下鼻骨复位术具有能对鼻骨骨折情况作全面评价、麻醉效果好、准确复位、鼻腔损伤小等优点。     

Use of nasal flowmeter to measure nasal patency

We determined nasal peak flow using a peak flowmeter with a face mask (PALROD peak expiratory flowmeter) and nasal airway patency with an anterior rhinomanometer (Nihon Koden MPR-1100) at a minimum time interval in the same individual. We compared the values obtained by two kinds of measurements to evaluate the usefulness of the peak flowmeter for nasal airway patency. In this study, the nasal patencies were experimentally changed and measured in 30 patients using alpha-1 stimulant spray and in 25 patients with nasal allergy using nasal provocation of antigens. We also measured the natural circadian changes of nasal patency in 21 patients with nasal allergy and in 18 normal persons every two hours from 8:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M. and from 9:00 A.M. to 9:00 P.M., respectively. As a result, we found close correlations between percent change of the peak flow and the nasal airway patency measured after spraying alpha-1 stimulant (r = 0.699, p less than 0.01), after antigen provocation (r = 0.585, p less than 0.01), and during circadian change (r = 0.464, p less than 0.01 in normal persons and r = 0.251, p less than 0.05 in allergy patients). In conclusion, peak flowmeter is handier and cheaper than rhinomanometer and is useful in evaluating the effect of vasoconstrictors and nasal provocation on nasal patency and in measuring the circadian changes of nasal patency. Since nasal secretion in the nose affects the measurement of peak flow, it should be removed as much as possible immediately before the flowmeter is used.     

Cytological alterations of nasal mucosa after nasal packing

Purpose

To assess the efficacy, tolerability and cytological alterations of nasal mucosa with various materials for nasal packing.

Materials and methods

One hundred and five patients, submitted to a nasal surgery and post-operative packing with four different materials (Clauden®, Merocel®, two-fingered glove pack with gauzes inside and Lyofoam™) were prospectively enrolled in the study. All patients were submitted to a questionnaire of 12 questions which required the patients to refer to the tolerability of packing. Finally a nasal cytological test was performed after removal of packing and 10 days after, to evidence the alterations of ciliated cells and reduction of supranuclear stria.

Results

The questionnaire of tolerability of packing revealed a severe discomfort (grade III) in 13 patients (38.2%) with Clauden, 1 (2.4%) with Merocel, 7 (41.1%) with two-fingered glove packing and 6 (46.1%) with Lyofon.As regards cellular alterations, the two-fingered glove and the Merocel groups had the lowest percentage of cellular alterations which was particularly different from the Clauden group (p = .0014) The supranuclear stria was reduced in the Clauden group and the two-fingered glove packing group both after packing removal and after ten days with a statistical difference when compared to the other two groups (p < .001).

Conclusions

Merocel packing appears to be well tolerated by the patients with the lowest percentage of cytological alteration, of ciliated cells. Also finger glove packing shows scarce damage of nasal mucosa with a lower percentage of nasal bleeding but its tolerability is not so good.     

扩大鼻瓣膜区治疗鼻瓣膜区狭窄性鼻阻塞

目的:研究治疗鼻瓣膜区狭窄性鼻阻塞的新方法.方法:32例鼻瓣膜区狭窄患者,行下鼻甲前端切除术10例,鼻外侧软骨凸出矫正术4例(左侧2例、双侧2例),骨性梨状孔狭窄扩大术6例(左侧2例、双侧4例),观察手术前后鼻通气改善情况以判定疗效.结果:32例患者经半年～2年随访,疗效显著26例,占81.2,好转6例,占18.8%,总有效率为100%,无手术并发症.结论:手术扩大狭窄鼻瓣膜区符合鼻腔解剖和生理功能,手术操作简单,术野清晰,组织损伤小,出血少,术后反应轻,痛苦小,无手术并发症.     

Nocturnal nasal congestion and nasal resistance.

OBJECTIVES: To compare total nasal resistance (TNR) in upright and supine positions in patients who did and did not complain of nocturnal (supine) nasal congestion symptoms without daytime (upright) congestion, and to determine what other conditions were associated with nocturnal nasal congestion (NNC) symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study comparing objectively measured nasal airflow in different positions (upright and reclining) with subjective patient symptoms. METHODS: Subjects completed a questionnaire about nasal symptoms. Anterior rhinomanometry was performed with patients upright, reclined 45 degrees, and supine. TNR in subject subsets was compared using the Student t test. RESULTS: TNR did not differ between upright patients with (n = 27) and without (n = 20) NNC. Supine TNR (P < .04) and increase in TNR (P < .02) between upright and supine was greater in patients with NNC. Smokers (n = 15, 10 with NNC, 5 without) had greater TNR increases when supine versus nonsmokers (P < .02). Patients with rhinitis symptoms (n = 29, 18 with NNC, 11 without) had greater TNR increases when supine than patients without rhinitis (P < .01). Patients who both smoked and had rhinitis (n = 11, 7 with NNC, 4 without) had a greater supine TNR than patients who smoked or had rhinitis alone (P < .02). CONCLUSIONS: Some patients without daytime nasal congestion experience NNC. They have a significantly greater TNR increase when supine versus patients without NNC. Smokers and patients with rhinitis, with or without NNC, have a significantly greater TNR increase when supine versus nonsmokers or patients without rhinitis. Smoking cessation and treatment of rhinitis may improve the patients' NNC.     

鼻喷激素对嗜中性粒细胞性慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的治疗作用

目的 嗜中性粒细胞(Neu)性慢性鼻窦炎伴有鼻息肉(CRSwNP)主要发生于东亚国家的患者,到目前为止尚未发现有效的治疗方法,本研究旨在评估局部用糖皮质激素布地奈德鼻喷剂对Neu性CRSwNP的治疗作用。方法 15例CRSwNP患者受到招募,并接受局部布地奈德鼻喷剂治疗3个月。分别从正常鼻黏膜组织和CRSwNP患者的鼻息肉(NP)组织中获取样本,用免疫荧光染色方法确定NP的内表型,以免疫组织化学染色方法检测治疗前后NP组织中Neu的浸润情况,用苏木精-伊红和过碘酸-雪夫染色方法分别对治疗前后NP组织中杯状细胞和黏膜下腺体细胞进行检测,最后用酶联免疫吸附试验对治疗前后NP组织中炎症介质髓过氧化物酶(MPO)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)以及黏蛋白(MUC)5AC和MUC5B进行了检测。结果 15例CRSwNP患者的NP内表型均为Neu性,Neu在NP组织中浸润数目显著多于正常鼻黏膜,布地奈德鼻喷剂局部治疗后NP组织中Neu计数没有显著降低;杯状细胞的计数和黏膜下腺体细胞的染色评分在NP组织中显著高于正常黏膜组织,治疗后这些指标无显著降低;NP组织中MPO、IFN-γ、MUC5AC和MUC5B...