矩形皮瓣修复虎口瘢痕挛缩畸形

手部深度烧伤后拇指及指蹼瘢痕挛缩 ,严重影响手的功能 ,后期多需整形手术。但严重大面积烧伤后 ,不仅局部瘢痕粘连严重 ,且前臂或远隔部位也无供瓣区 ,治疗方法受限 ,单纯植皮疗效差。我们利用局部成熟的瘢痕组织 ,设计三个矩形皮瓣开大虎口。术后效果较好 ,报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般情况本组 6例 ,男性 ,年龄 2 1～ 36岁。平均烧伤面积4 8.1%± 2 1.3% , 度烧伤面积 33.7%± 10 .5 %。烧伤后虎口挛缩 10例次 ,其中 7例次为单侧虎口挛缩 ,3例次伴有拇内收肌挛缩畸形。挛缩后拇指外展和对掌功能丧失 ,平均虎口间距为 (31.8± 2 .9) mm…     

双侧矩形瘢痕皮瓣修复虎口瘢痕挛缩

1 临床资料与手术方法 本组患者30例。其中男19例、女11例。烧伤总面积8％-90％TBSA，年龄3—54岁。双手虎口瘢痕挛缩畸形者12例，总计42只手。烧伤至整形修复间隔时间最长8年，最短4个月，平均1．6年。[第一段]     

小鱼际皮瓣修复指腹瘢痕挛缩

手指瘢痕的修复方法较多。如掌背动脉逆行岛状皮瓣、足趾游离皮瓣、全厚皮片游离移植 ,远位或邻指带蒂皮瓣及邻指岛状皮瓣等。 1997～ 2 0 0 1年 ,我们用小鱼际皮瓣修复指腹瘢痕挛缩 11例 ,取得了较好的治疗效果。一、资料与方法1 一般资料 :本组共 11例 ,男 8例 ,女 3例 ;年龄 18～ 45岁 ,平均 2 2 5岁。右 8指 ,左 3指。示指 2例 ,中指 6例 ,环指 3例。外伤引起 7例 ,烫 (烧 )伤 4例。所取小鱼际皮瓣面积最大5 0ｃｍ× 3 5ｃｍ ,最小 3 5ｃｍ× 1 5ｃｍ。2 手术方法 :臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下 ,上臂上气压止血带。切除指腹挛缩的瘢痕组织 …     

预扩张皮瓣修复颈部挛缩瘢痕

颈部瘢痕挛缩有多种修复方法,均能达到松解瘢痕修复创面的目的,但可能存在皮瓣臃肿、猫耳、皮片挛缩及术后远期效果欠佳等不足。我科自1997年1月－1999年8月,利用皮瓣扩张后修复颈部挛缩瘢痕12例,效果满意,报告如下。     

胸三角皮瓣修复颌面部烧伤瘢痕挛缩

1986年以来,我们应用胸三角皮瓣修复颌面部烧伤瘢痕挛缩畸形共15例。现报道如下。 临床资料 本组男10例,女5例。年龄14～28岁。单侧皮瓣10例,双侧皮瓣5例,共20个皮瓣。皮瓣宽度6.5～10cm,长度18～23cm。皮瓣设计均位于病变侧。颌面部瘢痕多为幼年烧伤所致的深部挛缩瘢痕或严重增生瘢痕,眼睑、唇、口角均有不同程度的     

皮瓣移植在修复颈部瘢痕挛缩中的应用

对６５例颈部瘢痕挛缩的皮瓣修复，讨论了各类皮瓣的适应证和应用方法，对真皮下血管网皮瓣、颈横动脉皮支皮瓣、腑下胸背皮瓣和系列五瓣成形术做了重点介绍。     

肩胛区岛状皮瓣修复腋窝瘢痕挛缩

目的 提供理想的腋窝瘢痕挛缩修复材料和方法。方法 以旋肩钾动脉升支或降支血管为蒂形成肩钾区岛状皮瓣，转移修复腋窝瘢痕切除后遗留创面。结果 本组共9例，其中以旋肩胛动脉升支血管为蒂的肩钾区岛状皮瓣6例，以旋肩胛动脉降支血管为蒂的肩胛区岛状皮瓣3例，皮瓣全部成活，效果满意。结论 肩胛区岛状皮瓣血运丰富，与腋窝接近，转移方便，操作简单，是修复腋窝瘢前挛缩的较好材料。     

Shoulder adduction contracture after burn: Anatomy and treatment with quadrangular local scar subcutaneous pedicled flap,a new approach

Background

Axillary adduction contracture is caused by scars that tightly surround the shoulder joint impairing the function of the upper limb. Due to severe scar surface deficiency, contracture release presents a challenge for surgeons since a method of release is transfer of tissue in the form of a large pedicled or free flap(s). Thus, development of simpler, less traumatic techniques, using local tissues, persists.

Methods

Anatomic studies of shoulder adduction contractures after burn (pre-operative, during surgery, post-reconstruction) were done in 346 pediatric and adult patients. All were divided into three groups according to contracture types: with edge contractures (80%), medial (6%) and total (14%). Anatomical study covered peculiarities of total contractures and possibilities for their treatment using local scarred tissue.

Results

Total contractures (48 patients) were caused by scars tightly surrounding the joint on three sides: anterior, posterior, and axillary. There were two specific forms of contracture: (a) shoulder close to the chest wall (22 of 48 patients) which was treated with thoracic pedicled or free flaps; (b) in 26 out of 48 patients a flat scar and skin graft surface laid along the shoulder and chest wall, in axillary projection, which were used for contracture release in the form of a subcutaneous pedicled quadrangular flap. The flap was mobilized only peripherally, descending to the apex of the axilla, forming the central axillary zone, and suspension of the axilla on a normal level. Wounds aside the flaps were covered with skin graft. Acceptable functional and cosmetic results were achieved in all 26 patients.

Conclusion

Total shoulder adduction contractures have two forms: (a) shoulder close/fused with the chest wall; and (b) along the chest wall and shoulder there is a flat surface, the tissue of which can be used for reconstruction in a form of scar subcutaneous pedicled quadrangular flap. Based on this flap, a new technique is described which is relatively easy to perform.     

掌背岛状皮瓣治疗指蹼瘢痕挛缩的疗效

目的总结在指蹼瘢痕挛缩治疗中采用掌背岛状皮瓣重建指蹼的方法及疗效。方法 2009年6月-2010年12月,收治指蹼瘢痕挛缩患者10例。男6例,女4例;年龄14～57岁,平均30岁。均为单个指蹼瘢痕挛缩。外伤后瘢痕增生挛缩8例,烧伤后瘢痕挛缩1例,并指分指术后瘢痕挛缩1例。虎口挛缩1例,示中指指蹼挛缩3例,中环指指蹼挛缩5例,环小指指蹼挛缩1例。病程3～9个月,平均5个月。指蹼最大外展度10～20°。瘢痕切除后指蹼间缺损范围为2.0 cm×1.0 cm～3.0 cm×1.8 cm,采用大小为3.5 cm×1.2 cm～4.0 cm×2.0 cm的掌背岛状皮瓣重建指蹼。供区直接缝合或局部皮瓣移位修复。结果术后第2天1例皮瓣出现静脉危象,对症处理后皮瓣成活;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区皮瓣均成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合。10例均获随访,随访时间6～15个月,平均9个月。重建指蹼外形良好,其中1例虎口挛缩者,最大外展度达80°;余9例指蹼最大外展度为35～45°,平均40°。8例瘢痕增生患者,随访期间未见再次瘢痕爬行、挛缩。结论采用掌背岛状皮瓣重建指蹼治疗指蹼瘢痕挛缩,可获得较好的指蹼外观及功能。     

手部瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术治疗

目的：总结和探讨手部瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术治疗和临床效果。方法：1995年6月-2001年6月，我们对68例手部瘢痕挛缩进行手术治疗，彻底切除和松解瘢痕，应用皮瓣或植皮修复创面，其中皮瓣（包括Z成形）46例，植皮22例。结果：皮瓣组有2例出现皮瓣远端坏死；植皮组全部成活。60例病人获得随访，随访时间6个月-3年，再次发生瘢痕挛缩4例，均为植皮组；皮瓣组中有2例因外观臃肿而行整形术。病人手功能及外观较为满意，总优良率达78.3％。结论：选择适当手术时机、正确的修复方法及术后早期、有效的功能锻炼，是取得良好疗效的重要因素。     

一期开窗的肩胛旁游离皮瓣移植

目的颜面部严重烧伤后,瘢痕组织挛缩导致颜面部组织器官严重移位,在儿童还阻碍面部组织的生长发育,应用带丰富血运的游离皮瓣修复是最佳选择.方法应用肩胛旁游离皮瓣一期开窗形成眼裂、口裂、外耳门和鼻孔,已为5～17岁颜面部严重烧伤的患者6例完成治疗.结果肩胛旁游离皮瓣最大面积为17cm×17cm,即时开窗形成眼裂、口裂及鼻外形,全部成功.结论肩胛背部由于旋肩胛动脉皮支、胸背动脉肌皮穿支、颈横动脉浅皮支等相互吻合,构成丰富的血供,一期开窗不影响移植皮瓣的血运,适用于修复颜面部瘢痕挛缩.     

采用双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣治疗关节部位的瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的：介绍双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣治疗关节部位的瘢痕挛缩。方法：2004年10月～2007年初,利用双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣共治疗了5例关节部位瘢痕组织挛缩畸形的患者,1例为肘关节,2例为腋窝,2例为膝关节,手术均在伤后半年以上进行。术后随访3个月～1年,平均随访时间为6个月。结果：对所有患者,术后效果都是可以接受的。双蒂瘢痕皮瓣的优点是手术简单,皮瓣坏死可能性低,肢体固定时间短,瘢痕挛缩复发的可能性低。结论：这种双蒂瘢痕组织皮瓣可作为关节部位瘢痕挛缩治疗的选择方法之一。     

薄型游离旋股外侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手足部瘢痕挛缩畸形北大核心CSCD

目的探讨薄型游离旋股外侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手、足部瘢痕挛缩畸形的疗效。方法 2017年1月—2020年10月,收治15例手、足部瘢痕挛缩畸形患者。男9例,女6例;年龄6~42岁,中位年龄23岁。瘢痕挛缩时间1~21年,中位时间13年。瘢痕挛缩畸形位于手部11例、足部4例;导致不同程度手、足部关节功能障碍。术中瘢痕挛缩松解后遗留创面范围为6 cm×4 cm~9 cm×8 cm;合并血管、神经或者肌腱外露12例,肌腱缺损4例。经浅筋膜浅层切取薄型游离旋股外侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复,皮瓣切取范围为6.0 cm×5.0 cm~10.0 cm×8.5 cm;取阔筋膜条重建肌腱。皮瓣供区减张缝合。结果术后1例皮瓣出现静脉血管危象,经对症处理后皮瓣成活;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。皮瓣供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6~12个月,平均9个月。皮瓣外形、质地良好。患手功能明显改善,末次随访时按照中华医学会手外科学会上肢部分功能评定试用标准,获优7例、良4例。患足足趾关节畸形及功能均明显改善。供区无肌疝、感觉麻木等并发症发生。结论经浅筋膜浅层切取的薄型游离旋股外侧动脉穿支皮瓣修复手、足部瘢痕挛缩畸形松解后创面,可获得良好外观及功能,而且供区并发症少。     

背阔肌游离皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的:研究背阔肌游离皮瓣在修复面颈部挛缩畸形中所起的重要作用。方法:10例面颈部瘢痕彻底松解后,采用游离的背阔肌肌皮瓣治疗,将胸背动静脉分别与面动静脉吻合,供瓣区采用中厚皮片移植,其中两例采用预扩张的背阔肌游离皮瓣进行修复。结果:9例背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植后完全存活,1例背阔肌皮瓣远端部分坏死,术后患者的面颈部功能和外形得到明显的改善。结论:背阔肌游离皮瓣修复面颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形效果可靠。     

应用巨型扩张的斜方肌肌皮瓣修复儿童颈部重度瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的探讨一种安全而有效地修复儿童颈部重度瘢痕挛缩畸形的手术方法。方法将以颈横动脉主干及降支为蒂的扩张斜方肌肌皮瓣转移至颈部，修复儿童颈部瘢痕挛缩畸形，背部供区直接拉拢缝合。结果临床应用于10例患儿，1例患儿由于二期手术肌皮瓣超长转移达颈部对侧耳下，术后肌皮瓣远端部分坏死，其余9例挛缩畸形矫正较为彻底，获得满意效果。结论在保证肌皮瓣血供的基础上，本肌皮瓣适宜修复儿童颈部重度瘢痕挛缩畸形。     

Treatment of wide scar contracture of antecubital fossa with bipedicle flap from scar tissue

Many surgical techniques exist for reconstruction of burn scar contracture of the antecubital fossa, such as Z plasty, VY plasty, lateral arm flap, and medial arm flap. Another option is direct release of the scar contracture and skin graft of the defect area, which requires prolonged splinting and risk of graft failure. Additionally, in the areas with exposed tendons or vessels, we cannot use grafts. Recurrence of contracture remains another drawback of this treatment, in this article we present a new, simple alternative method for treatment of these cases. In this clinical trial we introduce a new technique of bipedicle flap from scar tissue for coverage of the antecubital fossa with skin grafting of the proximal and distal parts of this bipedicle flap. From July 2002 to July 2005 we used this flap in 12 patients and efficacy and versatility of this flap was studied. Seven patients were female and 5 were male with mean age of 23.7 years. The mean time between burn and our reconstructive operation was 3.2 years. The mean surface area of antecubital burn scar tissue was 77.5%. Mean extension lag before operation was 66.5 degrees , mean extension lag during operation was 4.5 degrees and after operation was 5.4 degrees . Minor complication was observed in two cases with necrosis of the flap margin. Mean follow-up period was 17 months and the appearance of operated site in antecubital fossa was acceptable in all patients. The advantage of this bipedicle flap is its simple surgical technique. The risk of flap necrosis is negligible and it is a reliable flap. Splinting time is short and the risk of recurrence of contracture with this technique is minimal.     

Fractional flexor tendon lengthening for advanced metacarpophalangeal flexion contracture in rheumatoid hands

This technical report discusses a subgroup of rheumatoid patients who have minimal ulnar drift but a severe fixed metacarpophalangeal joint flexion contracture for whom conventional metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasty alone was insufficient to correct the deformity. We describe a surgical technique to deal with this clinical problem that uses fractional flexor tendon lengthening in the forearm to correct the severe flexion deformity at the metacarpophalangeal joint.