心搏骤停复苏后患者急性肝损伤发生的危险因素及对预后的影响

目的:探讨心搏骤停复苏后患者急性肝损伤发生的危险因素及对预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年1月间本科心肺复苏术后患者的临床资料,按照是否发生急性肝损伤（acute liver injury,ALI）,将入选患者分为ALI组和非ALI组,比较两组患者入科时的基本情况及是否发生心搏骤停后休克及心功能不全。使用单因素生存曲线（Kaplan-Meier法）分析ALI对患者1年生存率的影响。观察ALI组患者的28 d病死率和神经功能恢复情况。使用多元逻辑回归分析ALI发生的危险因素。结果:入选ALI组54人,非ALI组158人,ALI组患者恢复自主循环的时间较长[19（10~27）min, P=0.015],ALI组患者总体病情（SOFA评分、酸中毒和乳酸）较重。ALI组和非ALI组心搏骤停后休克和心功能衰竭的发生率分别为74% vs. 55%和89% vs.70%。非ALI组患者的1年累计生存率明显高于ALI组,Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) χ2=4.102,差异有统计学意义（ P=0.043）。ALI持续时间越长,不良预后的发生率越高。心搏骤停后恢复自主循环的时间及心肺复苏后患者是否发生心力衰竭和ALI的发生相关, OR值分别为3.762（2.347~5.098）和4.272（2.943~5.932）, P<0.05。 结论:心搏骤停后恢复自主循环的时间及心肺复苏后的心力衰竭是ALI的危险因素,ALI的发生增加患者病死率。     

院前心搏骤停患者心肺复苏后自主循环恢复与存活出院的相关影响因素研究

目的:以院前心搏骤停患者为病例对象,观察影响其心肺复苏(CPR)后自主循环恢复与存活出院的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2018-01—2018-12期间行院前CPR的105例心搏骤停患者临床资料,对其进行跟踪随访,观察CPR后自主循环恢复与存活患者的病情特点,用Logistic回归方程计算,分析其相关影响因素。结果:本研究所选105例心搏骤停行CPR患者中,最终死亡78例(74.29%);自主循环恢复出院组与死亡组在基础疾病、心律类型、气管插管、心搏骤停原因、心脏停博耗时、群众性的CPR、院前CPR抢救时间、心肺复苏进行次数、肾上腺素注入剂量、入院至电除颤开始时间等一般资料上出现较大差异,数据对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);将上述差异有统计学意义的资料代入Logistic回归方程进行计算,发现基础疾病、心律类型、气管插管、心搏骤停原因、心搏骤停耗时、群众性的CPR、院前CPR抢救时间、心肺复苏进行次数、肾上腺素注入剂量、入院至电除颤开始时间是影响心搏骤停患者CPR后自主循环恢复与否的相关因素。结论:影响院前心搏骤停患者心肺复苏后自主循环恢复与存活出院的因素很多,其中复苏前心律,尤其是室颤/室速、急救反应时间和复苏时间长短是影响患者存活的重要因素,而群众CPR与低剂量肾上腺素可能会提高院前CPR出院成功率。     

心肺复苏自主循环恢复患者预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响心肺复苏自主循环恢复患者预后的相关因素,以便进一步指导临床治疗和抢救。方法:按Utsein模式要求登记本院急诊科2007年1月至2012年6月院内外心搏骤停,经心肺复苏自主循环恢复患者154例,对其可能与预后相关的指标分别进行单因素分析和多因素分析。结果:单因素Logistic回归分析发现年龄、性别、基础疾病史对患者预后无统计学意义(P>0.05),心搏骤停至复苏开始的时间、复苏开始至患者自主循环恢复的时间、复苏后72h内的体温、复苏后第3天APACHEⅡ评分、复苏后有无肌阵挛或抽搐、复苏后血pH值、复苏后D-二聚体指标等7个指标对患者预后有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现影响患者预后的独立危险因素有心搏骤停至复苏开始的时间、复苏开始至患者自主循环恢复的时间、复苏后72h内的体温、复苏后第3天APACHEⅡ评分、复苏后有无肌阵挛或抽搐、复苏后血pH值及复苏后D-二聚体指标。结论:心搏骤停至复苏开始的时间、复苏开始至患者自主循环恢复的时间、复苏后72h内的体温、复苏后第3天APACHEⅡ评分、复苏后有无肌阵挛或抽搐、复苏后血pH值及复苏后D-二聚体指标是影响心肺复苏患者预后的基本指标。     

146例院内心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复的影响因素分析

目的:探讨院内心搏骤停(IHCA)患者心肺复苏后自主循环恢复(ROSC)的相关影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2018-08—2019-08期间本院急诊抢救室收治的146例IHCA患者的病例资料,据心肺复苏(CPR)后是否恢复自主循环分成ROSC组和复苏无效组,采用单因素分析IHCA患者ROSC的影响因素,再将单因素分析中P0.3的因素纳入二元非条件Logistic回归分析。结果:共有146例IHCA患者符合准入条件,ROSC率为49.32%(72/146)。单因素分析结果示,ROSC组与复苏无效组两组之间年龄、是否合并脑出血、肾上腺素累积量、CPR持续时间的差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析示:年龄(OR=0.951,95%CI:0.919～0.985,P=0.005),肾上腺素累积量(OR=0.628,95%CI:0.540～0.730,P0.01)是IHCA患者ROSC的独立影响因素。结论:年龄、肾上腺素累积量可影响IHCA患者ROSC。     

海南省多中心心肺复苏Utstien模式注册研究

目的 本研究以心肺复苏乌斯坦因(Utstein)评估模式评价海南省13家医院心搏骤停患者流行病学特征、心肺复苏结果及其影响因素。方法 在Utstein指南基础上设计“海南省心肺复苏Utstein注册登记表”,在2007年1月1日至2010年12月31日期间对海南省13家医院急诊科心搏骤停心肺复苏患者实施注册登记。通过方差分析等统计学方法,对心肺复苏患者实施前瞻性描述性研究。结果 1125例心搏骤停患者男性占73.8％,女性26.2％,年龄为(53.9±13.1)岁,既往病史以冠心病最为多见,其次为高血压病;自主循环恢复率为23.8％,成活出院为7.4％。自主循环恢复和成活出院的患者中发病l min内获得心肺复苏患者所占比例分别为41.8％和49.4％。院内心搏骤停(IHCA)患者和院外心搏骤停(OHCA)患者ROSC率分别为36.3％,11.6％,成活出院率分别为11.5％,3.3％。心室纤颤/无脉性室性心动过速患者188例(16.7％),其自主循环恢复率及成活出院率分别为58.0％,21.8％。心源性心搏骤停448例(39.8％);其中院内与院外心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复率分别为36.3％,11.6％,成活出院率分别为11.5％,3.3％。非心源性心搏骤停677例(60.2％)。三级医院和二级医院自主循环恢复率分别为69.8％和30.2％,成活出院率分别为7.4％和7.3％。结论 心搏骤停更常见于男性。慢性疾病在本组患者中普遍存在,其中以冠心病和高血压病最为多见。院内心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复和成活出院率均明显高于院外心搏骤停患者。心室纤颤/无脉室性心动过速患者心肺复苏自主循环恢复及成活出院率高于其他类型初始心律的患者。缩短心肺复苏启动时间有助于提高自主循环恢复率及成活出院率。     

基于乌因斯坦模式的心肺复苏注册数据库的构建与应用

目的 ：评价基于乌因斯坦模式的心肺复苏注册数据库在急诊科的应用效果。方法 ：成立研发小组,基于指南结合我院临床实际情况构建心肺复苏注册数据库,详细阐述该数据库的框架设计、功能模块、数据录入方法与质量控制措施等。比较数据库应用前后数据填报质量和心搏骤停患者自主循环恢复情况,统计数据库应用后医护人员的满意度。结果 ：应用该系统后,数据填报漏报率从41.77%下降至27.42%;5项核心数据包括心搏骤停病因、首次监测心律情况（是否为可除颤心律）、第一次除颤时间、是否恢复自主循环、心肺复苏终止时间记录缺失率均显著低于数据库应用前,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;医护人员对数据库的总体满意程度达到80%以上。结论 ：基于乌因斯坦模式构建的心肺复苏注册数据库可降低心搏骤停患者数据填报漏报率与核心数据记录缺失率,提高数据填报质量,对于建立全国统一的心搏骤停登记数据库具有一定的参考价值。     

重症患者心肺复苏后应用磷酸肌酸钠临床观察

近年来随着心肺复苏技术和急救心血管监护技术的不断引入,特别是2005年国际心肺复苏指南的面世,心搏骤停（cardiacarrest,CA）的救治取得了较大进展。复苏患者自主循环恢复（restoration of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率已达40％～60％,然而50％的复苏后患者死亡发生于ROSC之后的24小时之内,     

体外心肺复苏启动前因素对患者预后的影响

目的:分析体外心肺复苏（extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation,ECPR）启动前因素对患者预后的影响,以探讨ECPR的干预时机和改进策略。方法:回顾性分析2018年7月至2021年4月在湖南师范大学附属第一医院（湖南省人民医院）行ECPR的29例患者。按患者是否存活出院分为生存组( n=13)及死亡组( n=16),分析两组常规心肺复苏（conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CCPR）时间（开始心肺复苏到体外膜肺氧合运转的时间）、ECPR前初始心律、院外及院内心搏骤停的构成比、外院转运病例构成比。按CCPR时间分为≤45 min组、45~60 min组及>60 min组分别比较其出院存活率及持续自主循环恢复（sustained return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC）率。本院院内心搏骤停患者按心搏骤停（cardiac arrest,CA）发生地点分为本科室亚组和其他科室亚组,比较其存活率。 结果:29例患者总体生存率44.83%,体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）平均辅助时长114（33.5,142.5） h,CCPR平均时长60（44.5,80） min。生存组ECMO辅助时间（140.15±44.80）h较死亡组长（ P=0.001）,生存组CCPR时间明显低于死亡组（ P=0.010）。初始心律为可除颤心律组生存率更高（ P=0.010）。OHCA较IHCA患者病死率高（ P=0.020）。外院转运病例病死率高于本院病例（ P=0.025）。CCPR时间≤45min、45~60 min、>60 min三组患者出院生存率依次递减（ P=0.001）,ROSC率依次递减（ P=0.001)。本院院内心搏骤停患者,CA发生地点在本科室（急诊医学科）组与其他科室组生存率差异无统计学意义（ P=0.54）。 结论:ECPR出院存活率高于国内外报道的CCPR存活率,ECPR对难治性心搏骤停是有效的。ECPR的预后跟CCPR时间、CA初始心律、CA发生地点明显相关,提高ECPR存活率需加强宣教及团队建设。     

心肺复苏成功后患者死亡因素分析

目的 调查分析心肺复苏成功后影响患者死亡率的因素。方法 收集1997～2001年在院内或院外发生心跳呼吸骤停后，经心肺复苏成功恢复自主循环并维持超过6h以上，收入我院ICU病房进一步治疗的年龄超过18岁的成年患者。从病例中提取数据记录分析患者的一般情况、出院时结局、可能影响预后的危险因素。结果 共50例纳入本研究。最终死亡35例(70％)，痊愈出院6例，伴有中枢神经系统功能缺陷出院9例。存活组和死亡组在下列项目上有显著统计学差异：心肺复苏前超过8min(P=0．043)、自主循环恢复48h后仍然神志不清(P=0．003)、自主循环恢复后48h内出现低血压状态或需要血管活性药维持(P=0．023)、高热(P=0．029)、多尿(P=0，043)、高血糖(P=0．019)。存活组和死亡组在下列项目上无显著统计学差异：年龄、性别、心肺复苏持续时间。结论 心肺复苏成功后患者的死亡率仍很高，影响预后的危险因素包括心肺复苏前超过8min、自主循环恢复48h后仍神志不清、自主循环恢复后48h内出现低血压状态或需要血管活性药维持、高热、多尿、高血糖。     

心肺复苏不同剂量肾上腺素应用的回顾性研究

目的：心肺复苏（CRP）使用肾上腺素可使用血管收缩,提高冠脉循环的血流,增强心肌收缩力,恢复自主心律;本文回顾对比不同剂量肾上腺素在CRP临床急诊应用的疗效。方法：23例急诊心搏骤停患者依治疗先后分为两组：标准剂量肾上腺素组（A组,每5min 1mg)12例,大剂量肾上腺素组（B组,首剂1mg,以后每3min递增2mg)11例。各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、存活率。结果：A组、B组自主循环恢复率分别为16．67％、36．36％,B组明显高于A组;B组的存活率（27．27％）显著高于A组（8．33％）。结论：心肺复苏期间,应用大剂量肾上腺素（每3min 2mg)能显著提高自主循环恢复率,改善心搏骤停患者的预后。     

Aetiology of unsuccessful prehospital witnessed cardiac arrest of unclear origin.

OBJECTIVES: To determine, by means of autopsy, the cause of death following unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation of patients with a witnessed prehospital cardiac arrest of unclear origin. METHOD: Observational study of all prehospital-witnessed cardiac arrest of unclear origin over a period of 19 months in the emergency medical service region of a tertiary care hospital. RESULTS: During the study period, 211 prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts were recorded. In 144 study participants, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was not successful: there was no return of spontaneous circulation. Cardiac arrest of traumatic or other clear origin was not considered, nor were paediatric cases. Thirty out of the 114 remaining patients underwent an autopsy (26.3%). The main aetiology of cardiac arrest in this selected population was ischaemic heart disease in 16 out of 30 patients (53.3%) followed by pulmonary embolism in four patients (13.3%) and vascular disease other than coronary disease in two patients (6.7%). Other causes consisted of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (one patient) (3.3%) and poisoning (one patient) (3.3%). The cause of death could not be identified in six cardiac arrest victims (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Ischaemic heart disease and pulmonary embolism account for 66.6% of all witnessed cardiac arrest with no return of spontaneous circulation.     

心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响

目的:探讨心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压对心肺复苏成功的影响。方法:将42例心跳呼吸骤停患者随机分为徒手胸外心脏按压组(A组)和心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压组(B组)。二组均进行无创动脉血压、心电、经皮氧饱和度sPO2等监测。结果:B组的自主循环恢复率和24小时存活率均明显高于A组(P<0.05和P<0.01),但二组的出院存活率无显著性差异。B组的经皮氧饱和度明显高于A组(P<0.05),而自主循环恢复时间则明显短于后者(P<0.01);二组的平均动脉压无显著性差异。结论:心肺复苏仪胸外心脏按压在提高自主循环率,缩短自主循环恢复时间,改善患者生存机会等方面明显优于徒手胸外心脏按压。     

Marked activation of complement and leukocytes and an increase in the concentrations of soluble endothelial adhesion molecules during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and early reperfusion after cardiac arrest in humans

OBJECTIVE: Animal studies have demonstrated that reperfusion disorders occurring after cardiac arrest affect outcome. Reperfusion injury can be caused by activation of complement, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and PMN-endothelial interaction. We studied different specific markers of these processes during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 55 patients who underwent out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation for nontraumatic causes. INTERVENTIONS: Blood samples were drawn immediately, 15 mins, and 30 mins after initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In the case of restoration of spontaneous circulation, additional blood samples were taken at serial time points until 7 days after cardiac arrest. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A marked activation of complement and PMN was found in all patients investigated. Serum concentrations of specific activation markers of the complement system, anaphylatoxin C3a and the soluble membrane attack complex SC5b-9, and PMN elastase were increased during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and for 相似文献   

机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏效果影响的Meta分析

目的评价使用机械心肺复苏对心脏骤停患者复苏结局的影响。方法系统检索中国知网、维普、万方、PUBMED、Web of Science等数据库中关于机械心肺复苏和徒手心肺复苏的相关文献,提取有效数据后用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共计纳入20项临床研究,包含29 727例患者,其中11 104例患者在复苏过程中使用了机械心肺复苏,18 623例患者在复苏过程中全程使用徒手心肺复苏。Meta分析结果显示,机械心肺复苏相对于徒手心肺复苏不能有效改善心脏骤停患者的自主循环恢复发生率(RR=1.10,95%CI:0.99~1.23,P<0.01)、入院存活率(RR=1.01,95%CI:0.95~1.08,P=0.67)、出院存活率(RR=1.00,95%CI:0.86~1.15,P=0.14)、神经功能预后(RR=0.81,95%CI:0.61~1.06,P=0.69)。结论机械心肺复苏对比徒手心肺复苏,并不能显著改善心脏骤停患者的预后。不推荐机械心肺复苏完全替代徒手胸外按压。     

心肺复苏时血管加压素的应用研究

目的　研究血管加压素在心肺复苏中的疗效。方法　４８ 例心跳停搏患者随机分为４ 组,肾上腺素标准剂量组（ Ａ 组）１１ 例,肾上腺素大剂量组（ Ｂ组）１２ 例,血管加压素组（ Ｃ 组）１２ 例,肾上腺素＋ 血管加压素组（ Ｄ组）１３ 例,各组分别观察自主循环恢复率、存活率、自主循环恢复时间。结果　 Ａ 组、 Ｂ 组、 Ｃ 组、 Ｄ 组自主循环恢复率分别为１８２ ％ 、５８３ ％ 、２５ ％ 、６９２ ％ , Ｂ 组、 Ｄ 组明显高于 Ａ 组、 Ｃ 组; Ｄ 组存活率（４６２ ％ ） 显著高于 Ａ 组（９１ ％ ） 、 Ｂ 组（１６７ ％ ） 、 Ｃ 组（１６７ ％ ） ; Ｂ 组、 Ｄ 组的自主循环恢复时间明显短于其他两组。结论　心肺复苏期间,联合应用血管加压素和肾上腺素比单独应用血管加压素、肾上腺素能显著提高自主循环恢复率和存活率,缩短自主循环恢复时间。     

颅脑降温仪在心肺脑复苏中的应用时机及护理

目的:探讨颅脑降温监护治疗仪在心肺脑复苏(CPCR)中的应用时机及护理方法。方法:将确定心跳和呼吸停止时间在6 min内、经心肺复苏(CPR)术后自主循环恢复并能维持24 h以上的68名复苏患者随机分为A组和B组各34例,A组患者在实施常规CPR同时,2 min内即用颅脑降温监护仪进行亚低温治疗;B组患者经CPR、在自主循环恢复后再用颅脑降温监护治疗仪进行亚低温治疗。两组均在2～4 h内使体表温度降至32～34℃,持续12～24 h。比较两组自主呼吸恢复情况、意识恢复(GCS评分)情况。结果:两组患者自主呼吸恢复人数及恢复时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);24 h、48 h时、72 h内意识恢复(GCS评分)情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颅脑降温监护治疗仪实施越早越好,最好在实施常规基础生命支持(BLS)和高级生命支持(ACLS)同时开始,并配合高质量CPCR技术及精心护理,可有效提高脑复苏成功率。     

Differences of postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in ventricular fibrillation versus asphyxiation

PurposeThis study aims to characterize postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction in 2 porcine models of cardiac arrest (CA): ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest (VFCA) and asphyxiation cardiac arrest (ACA).MethodsThirty-two pigs were randomized into 2 groups. The VFCA group (n = 16) were subject to programed electrical stimulation, and the ACA group (n = 16) underwent endotracheal tube clamping to induce CA. Once induced, CA remained untreated for 8 minutes. Two minutes after initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), defibrillation was attempted until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved or animals died.ResultsReturn of spontaneous circulation was 100% successful in VFCA and 50% successful in ACA. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration in VFCA was about half as short as in ACA. The survival time of VFCA was significantly longer than that of ACA. Ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest had better mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and left ventricular ± dp/dt_max after ROSC than ACA. Echocardiography revealed significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction in ACA than in VFCA. Myocardial perfusion imaging using single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated that myocardial injuries after ACA were more severe and widespread than after VFCA. Under a transmission electron microscope, the overall heart morphologic structure and the mitochondrial crista structure were less severely injured in the VFCA group than in the ACA group. Moreover, the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was higher in ACA than in VFCA.ConclusionsCompared with VFCA, ACA causes more severe cardiac dysfunction associated with less successful resuscitation and shorter survival time.     

Evaluation of an impedance threshold device in patients receiving active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out of hospital cardiac arrest

AIMS: The purpose of this multicentre clinical randomized controlled blinded prospective trial was to determine whether an inspiratory impedance threshold device (ITD), when used in combination with active compression-decompression (ACD) cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), would improve survival rates in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients were randomized to receive either a sham (n = 200) or an active impedance threshold device (n = 200) during advanced cardiac life support performed with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The primary endpoint of this study was 24 h survival. The 24 h survival rates were 44/200 (22%) with the sham valve and 64/200 (32%) with the active valve (P = 0.02). The number of patients who had a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and hospital discharge rates was 77 (39%), 57 (29%), and 8 (4%) in the sham valve group versus 96 (48%) (P = 0.05), 79 (40%) (P = 0.02), and 10 (5%) (P = 0.6) in the active valve group. Six out of ten survivors in the active valve group and 1/8 survivors in the sham group had normal neurological function at hospital discharge (P = 0.1). CONCLUSION: The use of an impedance valve in patients receiving active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest significantly improved 24 h survival rates.     

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adult cardiac arrest patients

Cardiac arrest is a major cause of unexpected death in developed countries, and patients with cardiac arrest generally have a poor prognosis. Despite the use of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few patients could achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Even if ROSC was achieved, some patients showed re-arrest and many survivors were unable to fully resume their former lifestyles because of severe neurological deficits. Safar et al reported the effectiveness of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass in an animal model and discussed the possibility of employing cardiopulmonary bypass as a CPR method. Because of progress in medical engineering, the system of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) became small and portable, and it became easy to perform circulatory support in cardiac arrest or shock patients. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) has been reported to be superior to conventional CPR in in-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Veno- arterial ECMO is generally performed in emergency settings and it can be used to perform ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Although there is no sufficient evidence to support the efficacy of ECPR in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, encouraging results have been obtained in small case series.