某院2018年-2019年泌尿系结石患者尿路感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的:探究医院2018年-2019年泌尿系结石患者尿路感染病原菌的分布及其耐药情况.方法:选取医院2018年1月-2019年12月收治的泌尿道结石伴尿路感染的患者98例病历资料,统计其患者临床送检的清洁中段尿标本中病原菌培养、分离、鉴定和药敏试验结果,分析其病原菌种类、菌群构成比及其主要革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌的耐药特点.结果:98例患者中段尿标本中,检出108株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌64株(占59.26％)、革兰阳性菌33株(占30.56％)和真菌11株(占10.19％);主要革兰阴性菌大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素类、青霉素类、多黏菌素E、四环素的耐药率均较高,肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林的耐药率也较高,而对阿米卡星的耐药率较低(敏感率较高),铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素G、哌拉西林、阿米卡星等抗菌药物的敏感率较高.结论:医院泌尿道结石伴尿路感染患者尿液中感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其对不同抗菌药物的耐药率各不相同,临床应根据其药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物治疗,以提高其临床疗效.     

某院2018年-2019年泌尿系结石患者尿路感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的:探究医院2018年-2019年泌尿系结石患者尿路感染病原菌的分布及其耐药情况.方法:选取医院2018年1月-2019年12月收治的泌尿道结石伴尿路感染的患者98例病历资料,统计其患者临床送检的清洁中段尿标本中病原菌培养、分离、鉴定和药敏试验结果,分析其病原菌种类、菌群构成比及其主要革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌的耐药特点.结果:98例患者中段尿标本中,检出108株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌64株(占59.26％)、革兰阳性菌33株(占30.56％)和真菌11株(占10.19％);主要革兰阴性菌大肠埃希菌对头孢菌素类、青霉素类、多黏菌素E、四环素的耐药率均较高,肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林的耐药率也较高,而对阿米卡星的耐药率较低(敏感率较高),铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素G、哌拉西林、阿米卡星等抗菌药物的敏感率较高.结论:医院泌尿道结石伴尿路感染患者尿液中感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其对不同抗菌药物的耐药率各不相同,临床应根据其药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物治疗,以提高其临床疗效.     

96例前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的相关因素及其病原菌的分布与耐药性分析

目的:探究前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的相关因素及其病原菌的分布特征与耐药情况.方法:选取2017年11月-2019年10月间收治的前列腺增生手术治疗患者96例资料,统计术后并发尿路感染患者尿液标本的病原菌的培养、分离及其药敏试验结果,分析其前列腺增生患者术后并发尿路感染的相关因素、病原菌的分布和耐药特点.结果:96...     

尿路感染病原菌构成及耐药性分析

尿路感染为常见泌尿系疾病,发病率高,糖尿病人群中尤为明显.近年来随着抗生素广泛使用,细菌耐药情况日益严重,总结我院糖尿病及非糖尿病患者尿路感染病原菌分布情况及耐药性现状,报道如下.     

132例肾内科患者尿路感染病原菌的分布特征及其耐药性分析

目的:分析肾内科患者尿路感染病原菌的分布特征及其耐药情况.方法:选取医院2017年1月-2019年2月肾内科收治的尿路感染患者132例病历资料,统计其尿液标本中病原菌检测和药敏试验结果,分析其主要病原菌(革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌和真菌等)分布情况及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药性.结果:132例患者中标本中,检出186株病原菌,其中革兰阴性菌株110株(占59.14％)、革兰阳性菌株61株(占32.80％)和真菌类菌株15株(占8.06％);药敏结果显示,革兰阴性菌株中主要病原菌大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和产酸克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、他唑巴坦钠和头孢哌酮-舒巴坦钠的耐药率较低(均未超过30.00％),革兰阳性菌株中主要病原菌金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素、替考拉宁的耐药率均为0.00％,真菌中的白假丝酵母对氟康唑无明显耐药.结论:革兰阴性菌为肾内科尿路感染的主要病原菌,临床治疗过程中可依据药敏试验结果选择敏感率较高的抗菌药物治疗,以持续增强临床治疗效果的同时遏制耐药菌株的产生.     

某院73例卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌的分布与药敏试验结果分析

目的:分析卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌的分布与药敏试验结果,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法:选取医院2019年7月—2020年7月收治的卵巢癌术后发生尿路感染患者73例病历资料,分析其术后病原菌的培养与药敏试验结果对合理用药的影响.结果:73例尿路感染患者尿液标本中,检出病原菌80株,其中病原菌的检出率排序为革兰阴性菌(60.00％)＞革兰阳性菌(38.75％)＞真菌(1.25％);药敏结果显示革兰阴性菌中的变形菌属、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌对环丙沙星、哌拉西林、氨苄西林的耐药率均高于其他药物;而革兰阳性菌中的链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、红霉素、青霉素的耐药率也均高于其他药物.结论:卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率均较高,临床应依据其病原菌的分布及其对不同抗菌药物的耐药情况,采用针对性地干预治疗,以确保其疗效.     

某院73例卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌的分布与药敏试验结果分析

目的:分析卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌的分布与药敏试验结果,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法:选取医院2019年7月—2020年7月收治的卵巢癌术后发生尿路感染患者73例病历资料,分析其术后病原菌的培养与药敏试验结果对合理用药的影响.结果:73例尿路感染患者尿液标本中,检出病原菌80株,其中病原菌的检出率排序为革兰阴性菌(60.00％)＞革兰阳性菌(38.75％)＞真菌(1.25％);药敏结果显示革兰阴性菌中的变形菌属、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌对环丙沙星、哌拉西林、氨苄西林的耐药率均高于其他药物;而革兰阳性菌中的链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、红霉素、青霉素的耐药率也均高于其他药物.结论:卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率均较高,临床应依据其病原菌的分布及其对不同抗菌药物的耐药情况,采用针对性地干预治疗,以确保其疗效.     

某院73例卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌的分布与药敏试验结果分析

目的:分析卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌的分布与药敏试验结果,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法:选取医院2019年7月—2020年7月收治的卵巢癌术后发生尿路感染患者73例病历资料,分析其术后病原菌的培养与药敏试验结果对合理用药的影响.结果:73例尿路感染患者尿液标本中,检出病原菌80株,其中病原菌的检出率排序为革兰阴性菌(60.00％)＞革兰阳性菌(38.75％)＞真菌(1.25％);药敏结果显示革兰阴性菌中的变形菌属、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌对环丙沙星、哌拉西林、氨苄西林的耐药率均高于其他药物;而革兰阳性菌中的链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林、红霉素、青霉素的耐药率也均高于其他药物.结论:卵巢癌患者术后尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率均较高,临床应依据其病原菌的分布及其对不同抗菌药物的耐药情况,采用针对性地干预治疗,以确保其疗效.     

某院96例上尿路结石患者内镜碎石术后泌尿系统感染的病原菌分布特征及其耐药性分析

目的:分析上尿路结石患者内镜碎石术后泌尿系统感染的病原菌分布特征及其耐药情况.方法:选取医院2017年8月-2019年8月期间收治的上尿路结石内镜碎石术后泌尿系统感染患者96例临床资料,分析其患者碎石术后泌尿系统感染主要病原菌的分布情况和主要病原菌对抗菌药物的耐药情况.结果:96例碎石术患者中,其中13例患者术后发生泌...     

某院76例小儿尿路感染患者感染病原菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的:分析医院小儿尿路感染患者尿液中感染病原菌的分布及耐药情况,为临床用药治疗提供参考.方法:选取医院2016年6月-2018年3月收治的小儿尿路感染患者76例病历资料,统计其尿液中细菌的培养、分离和药敏试验结果,分析其小儿尿路感染的病原菌种类分布及构成比,主要革兰阴性菌和革兰阳性菌的耐药率情况,以及2016年-2018年32株大肠埃希菌的耐药情况.结果:76例患者尿液中,培养、分离出病原菌76株,其中革兰阴性菌46株(占60.53％,以大肠埃希菌为主),其对阿莫西林、头孢噻吩的耐药率均高于70.00％,而其对环丙沙星、庆大霉素的耐药率均在30.00％上下轻微波动,其对呋喃妥因、万古霉素的耐药率均较低(≤25.00％);革兰阳性菌24株(占31.58％,以屎肠球菌为主),其对头孢噻吩、红霉素的耐药率均高于＞75.00％,其对庆大霉素的耐药率小于10.00％;其他病原体6株(占7.89％);另外,医院2016年-2018年大肠埃希菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药率呈逐年增高现象(甚至≥80％),其对青霉素的耐药率为最高,而对呋喃妥因、万古霉素的敏感率均达100.00％;2017年、2018年大肠埃希菌对美罗培南、环丙沙星、哌拉西林、青霉素和红霉素的耐药率较2016年均有明显增高现象,对亚胺培南、阿米卡星的耐药率虽然有所波动,但总体呈上升趋势.结论:小儿尿路感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,其中大肠埃希菌的耐药率呈逐年上升趋势,其对青霉类药物的耐药率较高;临床应根据患者感染病原菌及其耐药特点采用针对性用药方案,以减少耐药菌的产生,提高临床疗效.     

Urinary excretion of benzanthrone

Intraperitoneally administered benzanthrone (7-H-benz(de)anthracene-7-one) was identified from the urine of experimental rabbits by thin-layer chromatography, and was estimated in urine by the development of a red color at 377 and 335 nm in ether extracts after addition of alcohol and sulfuric acid. All benzanthrone-injected animals had mild vascular congestion in the lamina propria and submucosa of the urinary bladder.     

Urinary metabolism of chloroquine

For reinvestigation of the metabolism of 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino)quinoline (chloroquine, Resochin), urine samples from patients and volunteers with single or repeated chloroquine doses were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Furthermore, urine samples from two cases of chloroquine overdose were included in the study. Three previously unknown metabolites could be identified in nearly all samples, although they amounted to less than 2% of the concentration of unchanged chloroquine in the urine. However, in those samples with failure of detection, the chloroquine urine levels were already so low that metabolite concentrations were beyond the limit of detection of the analytical method. Altogether, the study gave no evidence for a dose-dependent formation of the three previously unknown metabolites. Besides the new metabolites, an artifact generated from chloroquine-N-oxide could be characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. However, the formation of a further chloroquine metabolite with an alcohol function which has been described in the literature could not be confirmed.     

联产人尿激肽释放酶的纯化工艺

为解决联产工艺人尿激肽释放酶（ＨＵＫＮ）的纯化，用ＣＭ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦＦ，ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦＦ和Ａｐｒｏｔｉｎｉｎ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＣＬ－４Ｂ亲和层析柱纯化ＨＵＫＮ，可得到ＨＰＬＣ单峰，比活性２９３．９ＥＵ／ｍｇ的产品，收率为４８．６％，本工艺简单，容易放大，能适合大规模生产的需要。     

Urinary urge incontinence

Urinary incontinence, the involuntary loss of urine, is a prevalent medical condition that affects men, women and children of all ages. However, the incidence of incontinence tends to increase with age and it is particularly widespread in the elderly. Four major categories of incontinence have been defined: urge incontinence, stress incontinence, overflow incontinence and functional incontinence. Urinary urge incontinence (UUI) is the largest category affecting both men and women and is also the most amenable to pharmacological intervention. A large number of patients suffer from this condition (ca. 20 million). However, existing pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of UUI either lack efficacy or are poorly tolerated and, consequently, the condition is poorly controlled. Thus, there is a high medical need for efficacious, well-tolerated drugs to treat this condition. The commercial potential for novel, effective agents is considerable, given the number of patients involved and the growth associated with an ageing population. Three classes of drug are currently used in the treatment of UUI: antimuscarinics, antispasmodics and mixed antimuscarinic/antispasmodic agents. None of the agents currently marketed for the treatment of UUI was developed specifically for this indication, and only two drugs, the antimuscarinic, oxybutynin, and the antispasmodic, flavoxate, are approved by the FDA for the treatment of UUI in adults. Effective drug therapy for UUI must reduce the number of incontinence episodes and the associated symptoms of urgency and increased urinary frequency. A number of novel agents are currently being developed for the treatment of UUI. Some of these are compounds that offer incremental improvements in existing mechanistic classes whereas others target completely novel mechanisms. The identification of novel, effective, well-tolerated agents for the treatment of UUI, which will bring a much needed improvement in the quality of life of patients, represents a major challenge. However, the development of such agents represents a considerable commercial opportunity for the pharmaceutical industry.     

Urinary infection stones

Infection stones make up approximately 15% of urinary stone diseases and are thus an important group. These stones are composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite. The basic precondition for the formation of infection stones is a urease positive urinary tract infection. Urease is necessary to split urea to ammonia and CO₂. As a result, ammonia ions can form and at the same time alkaline urine develops, both being preconditions for the formation of struvite and carbonate apatite crystals. When these crystals deposit themselves infection stones form. If these infections are not treated and the stones are not removed, the kidney will be damaged. For stone removal modern methods are available, e.g. ESWL and/or instrumental urinary stone removal. Here especially less invasive methods are preferable. Any treatment must be adjusted to the patient individually. Patients should be examined frequently for recurrent urinary tract infections and stone recurrences and, newly arising infections must be resolutely treated. Good therapy and prophylaxis are possible with present-day treatment modalities.