苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对细菌性阴道炎的临床药理作用研究进展

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱具有广泛的生物活性,如保护心、肝、肺、肾、脑和血管的作用,对心脏有正性肌力、负性频率、抗心律失常的作用,其还有升高白细胞、平喘、抗溃疡、抗纤维、中枢神经药理作用(镇静、催眠、镇痛等),以及抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗炎等药理作用.在妇科治疗领域中,苦参碱和氧化苦参碱具有抗妇科肿瘤作用,能保护乳腺上皮细胞、子宫内膜上皮细胞和阴道上皮细胞的功能,还能对抗各种致病因子引起的上皮细胞炎性病变.临床上已将其用于治疗各种宫颈炎、阴道炎,也被试用于治疗乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌.文中综述苦参碱和氧化苦参碱防治细菌性阴道炎临床药理作用的文献资料,并对其研究进展做了分析.     

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对霉菌性和滴虫性阴道炎临床药理作用的研究进展

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱均具有广泛的生物活性,如保护心、肝、肺、肾、脑、血管的作用,其对心脏有正性肌力、负性频率、抗心律失常的作用,还具有升高白细胞、平喘、抗溃疡、抗纤维化及镇静、催眠、镇痛等中枢神经药理作用,以及抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗炎等药理作用;在妇科治疗领域,苦参碱和氧化苦参碱具有抗妇科肿瘤的作用,能保护乳腺上皮细胞、子宫内膜上皮细胞和阴道上皮细胞,也能对抗各种致病因子引起的上皮细胞炎性病变.临床上已被用于治疗各种宫颈炎、阴道炎,也被试用于乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌的治疗.本文中综述了苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对霉菌性和滴虫性阴道炎临床治疗的药理作用文献,并对其研究进展做了分析.     

氧化苦参碱对胃溃疡和溃疡性结肠炎的药理作用研究进展

氧化苦参碱具有抗胃溃疡的作用,其抗胃溃疡的机制可能与其抑制胃酸分泌和中枢神经的作用有关.氧化苦参碱对肠黏膜具有保护和修复作用,可防治溃疡性结肠炎,其作用机制与其抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节作用有关.氧化苦参碱还具有抗病毒和保护肺功能的作用.综述氧化苦参碱对胃溃疡和溃疡性结肠炎的临床药理作用的文献,并对其研究进展做了分析.     

苦参碱对血管的药理作用研究进展

苦参碱能对抗细菌内毒素、缺血再灌注和纤维蛋白纤维蛋白原降解产物对血管内皮细胞的损伤作用,也能抗血小板衍化生长因子、血管紧张素-II和氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox LDL)诱导血管平滑肌细胞增殖和凋亡,还能抗晚期糖基化终末产物诱导血管平滑肌细胞向具有收缩性的表型转化,从而产生血管的保护作用和改善血管的功能.苦参碱还可通过阻断神经节和提高胆碱能神经作用以及促进一氧化氮合成和释放,产生降压作用,也能通过改善心功能调节血压.苦参碱能抑制野百合碱引起的肺动脉高压和肺血管重构,以及高脂饮食引起的动脉粥样硬化.文中综述苦参碱对血管的药理作用文献,并对其研究进展做了分析.     

氧化苦参碱对呼吸系统患者临床治疗的药理作用研究进展

氧化苦参碱具有抗组胺性和过敏性哮喘的作用,也具有拮抗细菌内毒素、油酸和缺血再灌注引起的急性肺损伤,以及对抗矽肺、博莱霉素和高氧引起的肺纤维化的作用。氧化苦参碱还具有抗肺癌Lewis细胞、A549细胞、SPC-1细胞、L929细胞的作用。氧化苦参碱的上述药理作用是其抗微生物、抗氧化、抗炎、抗过敏和增强免疫调节作用在呼吸系统中综合的结果。综述氧化苦参碱对呼吸系统患者临床治疗的药理作用文献,并对其研究进展做了分析。     

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱抗大肠癌药理作用研究进展

苦参碱和氧化苦参碱能防治氧化偶氮甲烷/葡聚糖硫酸钠诱发小鼠原发性结直肠癌和CT26细胞或SW480-EGFP细胞移植瘤在大鼠或小鼠体内生长。体外实验发现苦参碱和氧化苦参碱能浓度相关地抑制大肠癌SW480细胞、SW480-EGFP细胞、SW480/M5细胞、SW620细胞、SW1116细胞、LoVo细胞、HT-29细胞、Colon26细胞、HCT116细胞、HCT-8细胞、HCL细胞和LS174t细胞增殖,并诱导凋亡。苦参碱能增强奥沙利铂抗SW480细胞、SW620细胞和SW1116细胞的作用。氧化苦参碱能增强5-氟尿嘧啶抗LoVo细胞的作用。     

苦参碱抗肿瘤作用研究进展

苦参为传统中药,系豆科植物苦参(Sophora flavescensAit)的干燥根.其中含有多种生物碱,但主要为苦参碱(ma-trine)和氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)[1].苦参碱具有抗肿瘤、抗心律失常、抗炎等多种药理作用,广泛应用于临床,尤其抗肿瘤活性,近年来受到极大的关注,现就苦参碱的抗肿瘤作用研究近况进行综述.     

苦参碱、氧化苦参碱对小鼠的毒性研究

目的观察苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对昆明小鼠的急性毒性反应。方法通过一次性向昆明小鼠尾静脉注射不同剂量的苦参碱及氧化苦参碱,观察并记录苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对小鼠的毒性反应。运用SPSS17.0统计软件计算苦参碱及氧化苦参碱对小鼠的半数致死量(LD50)。结果昆明小鼠对苦参碱及氧化苦参碱的LD50分别为83.206、214.216 mg.kg-1,其95%可信区间分别为71.022～95.087、186.886～254.175 mg.kg-1。结论苦参碱和氧化苦参碱对小鼠具有一定的毒性,氧化苦参碱的毒性要明显弱于苦参碱。     

苦参碱抗肿瘤作用研究的新进展

苦参碱作为一种传统的中药成分,具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗心律失常等多种药理作用。近年来,国内外大量研究发现苦参碱在抗肿瘤方面也具有明显功效,能有效地抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞分化和程序性细胞死亡、抑制肿瘤侵袭转移、逆转肿瘤多药耐药等。本文对苦参碱抗肿瘤作用的最新研究进展进行综述,表明苦参碱是一种理想的抗肿瘤药物,在癌症治疗中具有良好的临床应用前景。     

氧化苦参碱治疗肝纤维化的临床评价研究进展

氧化苦参碱治疗病毒性和非病毒性肝损伤有效,其能增强拉米夫定、干扰素或甘草酸类药物治疗病毒性肝炎和肝纤维化的临床疗效。氧化苦参碱除了直接的抗病毒、抗炎、肝脏保护作用外,还可通过提高患者的免疫调节功能,间接增强机体清除和抑制病毒。这些作用可能是氧化苦参碱治疗肝炎和肝纤维化的作用机制。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors and Advances in nucleosides and nucleotides.

The American Chemical Society Symposium "Glucosidase and fucosidase inhibitors" took place on 1 April 1998 and was organized by Professors Zbigniew J Witczak (UConn, School of Pharmacy, CT, USA), Kuniaki Tatsuta (Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan) and Waldemar Priebe, MD (Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, USA). Professor Witczak provided introductory remarks including the status of existing glucosidase inhibitors, and chaired the morning session, which consisted of six lectures. The symposium was well received, and was particularly attractive for those interested in networking, as attendance was about sixty. In addition, some participants and attendees presented posters on the subject during the regular poster session organized by the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry.