SCID-repopulating activity of human umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells in a nonobese diabetic/Shi-SCID mice serial xenotransplantation model and immune cell activities in vitro: a comparative study of the filter method and the hydroxyethyl starch method

BACKGROUND: A novel filter system was developed for umbilical cord blood (UCB) volume reduction. The aim of this study was to compare the functions of cryopreserved UCB cells processed by the filter and by the hydroxyethyl starch (HES) sedimentation method from the aspect of the graft quality. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: UCB specimens were divided into two portions, processed in parallel by the filter or HES, and then cryopreserved in the clinical setting. The thawed UCB specimens containing 1 x 10(5) CD34+ cells were injected into nonobese diabetic/Shi-SCID mice, and the engraftment capacity in primary and secondary transplants was assessed. The functions of natural killer (NK) cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were also assayed in vitro. RESULTS: The percentage of recovery of CD34+ cells by both methods was equivalent. In the marrow of the primary transplant recipients, the percentage of hCD45+ cells in the filter group and HES group was 58.2 +/- 31.6 and 46.5 +/- 28.4 percent, respectively (p = 0.016). The engraftment capacity and multilineage differentiation in the secondary transplantations were equal in both groups. The cytotoxic activity of the NK cells and phagocytosis activity of the DCs from both the groups were similar. CONCLUSION: The filter yielded a desirable percentage of recovery of hematopoietic cells with engraftment ability in the clinical setting. Thus, it is considered that the filter system may be useful for UCB banking for cord blood transplantation.     

Cord blood banking and transplantation at the Mexican Institute of Social Security: the first 5 years

BACKGROUND: In January 2005, the Cord Blood Bank (CBB) at the Mexican Institute of Social Security initiated activities. Herein, we describe the experience generated during this period (January 1, 2005‐December 31, 2009). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Good manufacturing practices and standard operating procedures were used to address donor selection, as well as umbilical cord blood (UCB) collection, processing, and cryopreservation. Based mainly on HLA and nucleated cell content, specific UCB units were thawed, processed, and released for transplantation. RESULTS: A total of 589 UCB units were stored, representing 54% of the total number of units collected. Forty‐eight units (8.14% of the stored units) were released for transplantation of 36 patients. Twenty‐six patients (72% of cases) corresponded to patients with acute leukemia, five (14%) to patients with marrow failure, and the rest (five; 14%) to patients with hemoglobinopathies and other syndromes. The median number of nucleated cells infused per patient was 6.71 × 10⁷/kg and the median number of CD34+ cells was 4.8 × 10⁵/kg. Current engraftment data indicate that engraftment occurred in 56%, and no engraftment in 44%, of cases. Engraftment was more frequent (59%) in patients that received more than 3 × 10⁷ total nucleated cells (TNCs)/kg body weight, than in those receiving fewer than 3 × 10⁷ TNCs/kg (40%). Myeloid engraftment was observed 7 to 54 days posttransplant (median, 23 days), whereas platelet engraftment was detected on Days 12 to 87 posttransplant (median, 38 days). To date, the disease‐free survival rate was 41% and the overall survival was 47%, with survival periods of 126 to 1654 days. CONCLUSION: Although the experience presented herein is still limited and the period of analysis is still short, the results obtained during these 5 years are encouraging.     

Factors associated with parameters of engraftment potential of umbilical cord blood

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an acceptable source of hematopoietic cells for transplantation with success being associated with the nucleated cell count (NCC), CD34+ cells, and colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) content infused. A total of 1033 UCB samples with neonatal and paternal characteristics that might influence hematopoietic content were examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: UCB samples were screened, processed, and reevaluated for the above cell counts. These parameters of engraftment potential were analyzed for associations with neonatal and parental characteristics. RESULTS: Postprocessed NCCs (median, 6.53 x 10(8)+/- 2.80 x 10(8) SD; mean 7.30 x 10(8)), CD34+ counts (median, 2.02 x 10(6) +/- 2.20 x 10(6) SD; mean, 2.65 x 10(6); r = 0.66; p < 0.001), and CFU-GM content (median, 2.65 x 10(5) +/- 3.16 x 10(5) SD; mean, 3.54 x 10(5); r = 0.61; p < 0.001) all were strongly interrelated. Both initial volume (median, 77.5 +/- 26.2 mL SD; mean, 81.9 mL) and initial NCC (median, 9.75 x 10(8) +/- 4.88 x 10(8) SD; mean, 10.9 x 10(8)) correlated well with postprocessed NCC (r = 0.60; r = 0.90; p < 0.01), CD34+ count (r = 0.40; r = 0.63; p < 0.01), and CFU-GM content (r = 0.38; r = 0.59; p < 0.01), with a stronger relationship seen with initial NCC. Infant birth weight (specifically, >3000 g), but not sex, gestational age, or cytomegalovirus status correlated strongly with collection volume and UCB cell counts. Units from minority volunteers contained relatively smaller volumes and hematopoietic content. CONCLUSION: UCB banks should emphasize selecting the heaviest infants and processing large-volume units with high NCCs to optimize hematopoietic potential. Minority recruitment should be encouraged with consideration given to inherent racial differences in cell counts. There does not appear to be a significant relationship between other neonatal and parental characteristics and that of engraftment potential.     

双份无关供者脐血移植治疗成人血液系统恶性疾病临床研究

目的 观察双份无关供者脐血移植(CBT)治疗成人血液系统恶性疾病的植入、合并症以及患者生存情况.方法 12例成人血液系统恶性疾病患者,稳定期10例,进展期2例.预处理除除1例患者采用非清髓方案外,其余11例采用改良Bu/Cy或Cy/TBI方案,所有患者均联合应用抗人胸腺细胞球蛋白.移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的预防采用环孢素、霉酚酸酯联合短程甲氨蝶呤方案.12例患者均接受2份脐血移植,HLA配型0～2个位点不合,输入总有核细胞(TNC)中位数为5.55(2.99～8.18)×107/kg.结果 11例(91.7%)患者血常规指标达到植活标准,中性粒细胞(ANC)植入时间为(21.6±5.1)d,血小板植入时间为(34.9±9.5)d.1例患者移植后3个月被排斥,白血病复发,10例患者获得稳定植入,稳定植入率83.3%.经HLA差异性分析、DNA位点短串联重复序列多态性(STR)检测、性染色体及血型抗体滴度测定等检查证实,9例患者最终为细胞数较多的1份脐血获得植入,1例为细胞数较少的1份脐血获得植入.3例患者在移植后早期呈2份脐血混合嵌合状态,但1份脐血占优势.细胞数相对较多的脐血与优势植活相关(P=0.011).11例植活的患者中,Ⅰ度急性GVHD(aGVHD)5例,Ⅱ度aGVHD 1例,无Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD发生,10例存活超过100天的患者中,慢性GVHD(cGVHD)2例,均为局限性.全部12例患者中位随访时间11(1.5～82)个月,8例患者无事件生存(EFS),3年EFS率为(66.7±13.6)%,10例稳定期患者7例EFS,3年EFS率为(70.0±14.5)%.结论 成人血液系统恶性疾病患者接受HLA配型部分相合的2份脐血移植在临床上是可行的,可以克服单份脐血因细胞数较少植入缓慢的缺点.细胞数是决定哪份脐血获得长期稳定植入的主要因素.     

成人移植双份脐血植入状态的定量监测

背景:脐血因所含的有核细胞数量有限,主要应用于儿童患者,近年来,人们尝试将两份脐血混合输入,用于成人血液系统疾病的治疗。目的:定量监测双份异基因脐血用于成人白血病患者移植后两份脐血的植入状态、嵌合体类型、相对数量的动态变化及演变规律。设计:以脐血干细胞移植的供受者为观察对象,供受者移植前及受者移植后不同时间段的系列血样提取DNA作为检测标本,短串联重复序列遗传位点为观察指标。单位:深圳市血液中心输血医学研究所免疫遗传重点实验室。对象:纳入2005-06在北京大学深圳医院住院治疗的急性髓细胞白血病患者,男性,43岁,体质量75kg。首次化疗完全缓解后6个月移植两份人类白细胞抗原(HLA)各一个位点不合的非血缘脐血,脐血1有核细胞数为2.5×107kg-1;脐血2有核细胞数为1.53×107kg-1。脐血来源于广州脐血库。患者对治疗方案知情同意。方法:采用荧光标记复合扩增短串联重复位点嵌合体定量检测技术,对急性髓细胞白血病成人患者移植两份(脐血1有核细胞数为2.5×107kg-1,脐血2有核细胞数为1.53×107kg-1)HLA各一个位点不相合的异基因脐血前后的序列血样进行了9个短串联重复序列位点的检测,利用供、受者之间的差异位点定性判断脐血是否植入以及嵌合体类型;而后根据377XLDNA测序仪上荧光扫描后两供者差异基因检出峰的峰面积计算脐血植入后患者体内两份脐血的相对数量,定量分析供体细胞植入程度及演变规律。并与采用HLA差异基因对植入状态的分析结果进行对比。主要观察指标:在成人移植双份脐血后,观察患者及两供者9个位点的短串联重复序列基因在患者体内的转变过程,对植入状态进行定量及定性的描述。结果:移植后15d两份脐血植入状态为完全双份供者嵌合体,患者体内脐血1的相对细胞数量占51.3%,脐血2占48.7%;30d时脐血1上升为70.0%,脐血2下降为30.0%。52d时只检测到脐血1的基因,植入状态转为完全单份供者嵌合体,有核细胞数少的一份脐血被排斥,有核细胞数多的一份长期植入。结论:荧光标记复合扩增短串联重复序列嵌合体定量检测可精确地描述两份脐血的植入程度及变化过程,为临床脐血的应用及供者的选择提供了一个准确、可靠的实验依据,证明双份HLA各一个位点不合的脐血同时用于成人的移植是可行的。     

Cost of umbilical cord blood units released for transplantation

BACKGROUND: A large number of institutions have started programs banking umbilical cord blood (UCB) for allogeneic unrelated-donor and related-donor transplantation. However, limited information is available on the financial issues surrounding these activities. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to determine the fee per UCB unit released for transplantation that would allow cost recovery after 10 years. Three organizational models were considered suitable to provide units for five UCB transplants per 1 million population per year, a figure that would translate into an annual need for 280 units in Italy. Models A, B, and C included, respectively, seven networked banks, each with an inventory of 1,500 units; two networked banks, each with an inventory of 5,000 units; and one bank with an inventory of 10,000 units. It was estimated that it would take 3 years to develop the cryopreserved inventory and that approximately 3 percent of the inventory could be released and replaced each year during the 7-year interval between the fourth and tenth years of activity. The data on the costs of labor, reagents and diagnostics, disposables, depreciation and maintenance, laboratory tests, and overhead, as well as the operational data used in the analysis were collected at the Milano Cord Blood Bank in 1996. RESULTS: Fees of US $15,061, $12,666, and $11,602 per unit released during the fourth through the tenth years of activity allow full cost recovery (principle and interest) under Models A, B, and C, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although UCB procurement costs compare favorably with those of other hematopoietic cell sources, these results and the current fee of US $15,300 used in some institutions show that UCB is an expensive resource. Therefore, judicious planning of banking programs with high quality standards is necessary to prevent economic losses. The advantages of lower fees associated with the centralized banking approach of Model C should be balanced with the more flexible collection offered by Model A.     

Transplantation of related and unrelated umbilical cord blood stem cells in Austria. Austrian Working Party for Stem Cell Transplantation. Austrian Society of Hematology and Oncology.

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is limited by the availability of suitable HLA-matched donors and the risk of graft versus host disease (GvHD). In an attempt to overcome these limitations umbilical cord blood (UCB), has become a further alternative. UCB transplantations in Austria were started in 1991. As of September 31, 1998, six patients have been transplanted. Diagnoses were severe aplastic anaemia (SAA) (n = 2), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (n = 1), familial hemophagocytic syndrome (FHL) (n = 2) and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) (n = 1). Three patients received UCB grafts from HLA-identical siblings and three patients from unrelated donors, of whom two were disparate at two HLA loci (A/B) and one mismatched at one locus (C). Five patients were engrafted with complete donor hematopoiesis, with a median time of 26.5 days (range 14 to 39 days) to an ANC count of > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L and a median time of 42.5 days (range 24 to 67 days) to a platelet count of > or = 20 x 10(9)/L. One patient with FHL had partial engraftment and died due to reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and CMV pneumonia on day +25. Of the five patients surviving the post-transplant period, one with CMML had a relapse on day +128 and died after a HLA-matched bone marrow transplantation from the same sibling donor in the second relapse. Another patient with ALL relapsed on day +200 but is still alive under palliative treatment; one patient with SAA showed graft rejection and autologous hematopoietic reconstitution and later had a successful CD34(+)-selected allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplant from a C-locus mismatched unrelated donor. Two patients (one with SAA and one with FHL) are alive with complete remission of the underlying disease. This report reflects the experience and results of UCB transplantation in Austria and discusses the position of UCB transplantation in the context of the other stem cell alternatives available today.     

Consistency of the initial cell acquisition procedure is critical to the standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry: results of a pairwise analysis of umbilical cord blood units and cryopreserved aliquots

BACKGROUND: The CD34+ cell content is a predictive factor for engraftment and survival after umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. The high variability in the CD34 assay results in different recommended cell doses for infusion across transplant centers and also limits the clinical utility of the CD34+ cell counts provided by cord blood banks (CBBs). This bi-institutional study was intended to understand the sources of this variability.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The level of CD34 agreement between the University of Minnesota (UM) and the Madrid CBB (MCBB) was evaluated on 50 UCB units before and after cryopreservation. Two cryopreserved vials per unit were thawed and processed at both laboratories. Dual-platform ISHAGE-based flow cytometry was used for CD34 enumeration.
RESULTS: Postthaw nucleated cell recoveries were similar. However, whereas CD34+ cell enumeration before freezing was 0.35 ± 0.22 percent, the results after thawing were 0.98 ± 0.65 and 0.57 ± 0.39 percent at UM and MCBB, respectively. Bland-Altman plots analysis ruled out the interchangeability of MCBB and UM CD34 values. Differences in the initial cell acquisition settings accounted for most of the CD34 discrepancy, which was no longer present after normalization of the forward scatter threshold for cell acquisition.
CONCLUSIONS: The standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry is strongly reliant on a consistent initial cell acquisition procedure. The interlaboratory variation can be minimized by using frozen cell aliquots as reference samples. Both requisites should be considered for CD34 testing and UCB unit selection by regulatory institutions involved with cord blood banking and transplantation.     

非血缘脐血移植治疗成人恶性血液病患者的临床研究

目的 回顾性分析非血缘脐血移植(UCBT)治疗成人恶性血液病患者的植入、移植相关并发症及生存情况.方法 成人恶性血液病患者28例,进展期20例.单份UCBT 10例,双份UCBT18例.清髓性预处理方案26例,减低强度方案2例.环孢素(CsA)联合霉酚酸酯(MMF)预防移植物抗宿主病(GVHD).结果 26例患者获得稳定造血重建,中性粒细胞绝对计数(ANC)≥0.5×109/L的中位时间为移植后(+)18(+14～+37)d,22例血小板≥20×109/L的中位时间为+30(+25～+49)d.22例经DNA短串联重复系列动态检测+7～+21 d达全供者嵌合.18例(69%)发生急性GVHD,＞Ⅱ度者1例.可评估的22例患者中6例(27%)发生慢性GVHD,均为局限型.18例存活患者的中位随访时间为9.5(2.5～72.0)个月,3年无病生存率为56.7%.复发2例,死亡10例,其中8例死于移植相关并发症.结论 UCBT治疗成人高危恶性血液病安全有效,双份UCBT的开展可进一步扩大移植的范围.     

人脐血间充质干细胞促进脐血CD34+细胞在NOD/SCID小鼠体内植入的实验研究

目的探讨人脐血间充质干细胞(MSC)联合人脐血CD34+细胞移植,能否促进CD34+细胞在NOD/SCID小鼠体内植入及加速其造血恢复.方法NOD/SCID小鼠于60Co 2.5 Gy照射后24h内由尾静脉输注胎儿脐血CD34+细胞1×105/只(低细胞量移植组)或1×106/只(高细胞量移植组),联合移植组同时输注脐血MSC 1×106/只.动态观察移植后小鼠外周血白细胞、血红蛋白和血小板恢复情况,于移植后第8周用流式细胞术检测存活小鼠骨髓中人CD45+、CD45+CD3+、CD45+CD19+和CD45+CD33+细胞的含量.结果①低细胞量移植时,联合移植组的植入率明显高于单纯移植组,分别为26.02%和16.52%(P＜0.05);高细胞量移植时,联合移植组和单纯移植组的植入率相近,分别为43.71%和39.23%(P＞0.05).②高细胞量联合移植组和单纯移植组的存活率分别为80%和70%;低细胞量联合移植组和单纯移植组的存活率分别为70%和50%.③无论高细胞量还是低细胞量组,联合移植小鼠白细胞、血红蛋白和血小板的恢复明显早于单纯移植组.④移植8周后,小鼠骨髓中人CD45+CD19+、CD45+CD33+细胞含量在低细胞量移植时,联合移植组高于单纯移植组;但在高细胞量移植时,两组之间差异无统计学意义.CD45+CD41a+细胞的含量无论在低细胞量和高细胞量移植时,联合移植组均高于单纯移植组.各组小鼠骨髓中CD45+CD3+细胞的含量均较少,且各组之间差异无统计学意义.结论①低细胞量移植时,人脐血MSC联合移植可提高人脐血CD34+细胞在小鼠体内的植入率.②人脐血MSC与人脐血CD34+细胞联合移植,加速NOD/SCID小鼠各系造血恢复,提高移植小鼠存活率.③MSC联合移植可促进人脐血CD34+细胞在NOD/SCID小鼠体内向粒系、B淋巴系和巨核系定向分化.     

Factors which can influence the quality related to cell viability of the umbilical cord blood units

Cell viability is an important indicator for the quality of umbilical cord blood (UCB) units that can influence the transplant final outcome. Thus, it is particularly important to identify the factors that may affect the cell quality during the banking process. The present study is a first attempt to correlate the impact of exogenous factors (time from collection to processing, collected UCB volume) and endogenous factors (TNCC – total nucleated cell count, CD34⁺cell count) on cell viability assessed before UCB units cryopreservation within a banking standardized process. Three thousand UCB units collected in 35 ml CPDA containing bags were processed by HES sedimentation within 48 h. TNCC, CD34⁺ cell counts and total cell viability were determined after processing. Cell viability of 94.37 ± 4.67%, TNCC of 73.17 ± 36.73 × 10⁷ and CD34⁺cell count of 2.61 ± 2.29 × 10⁶ was obtained after processing of units with UCB collected volume of 80.23 ± 28.52 ml. A significant negative correlation was found between cell viability and the time from collection to processing (r = –0.7228; P < 0.0001). The cell viability decreasing rate of 20.54%, 15.18% and 3–10% were achieved for units with collected UCB volume <40 ml, (40–80 ml) and >80 ml, to 48 h versus 12 h. There were no differences considering cell viability for the UCB units with similar collected UCB volume that had various CD34⁺cell count or TNCC (P > 0.05). The extension of the time from collection to processing of UCB units can reduce the quality by decreasing cell viability. The cell viability decreasing rate owing to the time influence is determined by the collected UCB volume being inversely proportional to it. Endogenous factors do not affect the cell viability.     

Wash-out of DMSO does not improve the speed of engraftment of cord blood transplantation: follow-up of 46 adult patients with units shipped from a single cord blood bank

BACKGROUND: Prolonged periods of marrow hypoplasia have been a problem in cord blood transplantation. DMSO is thought to produce osmotic shock to the progenitors when the thawed cells are infused into the patients. To solve this problem, a 2x dilution method originally developed in the New York Blood Center showed earlier myeloid engraftment,1 although follow-up clinical studies have not performed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To clarify the influence of the removal of DMSO by this method on the speed of engraftment in unrelated cord blood transplantation, 46 adult patients with cord blood units processed by the Tokyo Cord Blood Bank from September 1998 to March 31, 2002 were studied. Twenty-four patients received 2.6 +/- 0.71 x 10(7) nucleated cells per kg without washing (nonwashed group), while 22 patients were received 2.7 +/- 0.52 x 10(7) nucleated cells per kg after 2x dilution washing (washed group). RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of engraftment was not significantly different between the two groups. Median neutrophil recovery (>/=5 x 10(9)/L) in the nonwashed and washed groups was 26 and 25 days, respectively, and the median platelet recovery (>/=20 x 10(9)/L) in patients with myeloid engraftment was 44 and 40 days, respectively (NS). On the other hand, the doses of CFCs and CD34+ cells showed the influence on myeloid and platelet recovery. CONCLUSION: A 2x dilution after thawing cord blood did not result in the improvement of myeloid engraftment speed.     

Issues in the quality of umbilical cord blood stem cells for transplantation

BACKGROUND: Because the frequency of umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cell transplantation has increased, the quality of UCB available in banks is an important part of the success of UCB stem cell transplants. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A quality assurance monitoring system was used to evaluate 268 UCB units provided to us for transplant by UCB banks in the United States and Europe. RESULTS: Quality issues were found in 151 (56%) of 268 units, and there were a total of 246 specific issues in 151 units. The issues involved quality control (54%), medical history (40%), and labels and documentation (6%). Risks to patients from these issues were likely in 10 percent, potential in 35 percent, and unlikely in 55 percent. CONCLUSION: Because standards have evolved over time, cord blood banks contain units that have different levels of quality. Some units have been placed in the usable inventory with incomplete test results and/or documentation or that may not meet the bank's own current criteria. Information about any quality or operating procedure deviation should be provided in sufficient detail and at the initiation of the search process so that transplant physicians can consider these quality issues against the unique value of a particular UCB unit.     

Cord Blood Banking and Transplantation in China: A Ten Years Experience of a Single Public Bank

Background

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has successfully used for transplantation to treat hematologic malignancies and genetic diseases. Herein, we describe the experience generated in a single public UCB bank at Zhejiang Province in China.

Methods

Good manufacturing practice and standard operating procedures were used to address donor selection as well as UCB collection, processing, and cryopreservation. Total nucleated cells (TNCs), cellular viability, CD34+ cells, and colony-forming units were determined, and infectious diseases screening test, sterility test, and HLA typing for UCB units were done.

Results

Only 18.51% of all collected UCB units met storage criteria, and 7,056 UCB units were cryopreserved in 10 years. The volume of UCB units was 95.0 ± 22.0 ml. The number of TNCs before and after processing was 13.32 ± 3.63 × 10⁸ and 10.63 ± 2.80 × 10⁸, respectively, and the recovery rate was 80.71 ± 11.26%. 0.4344 ± 0.1874% of the TNCs were CD34+ cells. The CFU-GM was 32.1 ± 28.0 colonies per 1 × 10⁵ nucleated cells. Based mainly on HLA and nucleated cell content, 26 UCB units were released for transplantation.

Conclusions

A public UCB bank was successfully established in China; collection and processing of UCB units should be optimized in order to gain maximum volume and cell count.     

Nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient mice transplantation of volume-reduced and thawed umbilical cord blood transplants following closed-system immunomagnetic cell selection

BACKGROUND: Protocols for the expansion of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) progenitors begin with the selection of CD34+ cells from stored frozen and thawed units. Use of an immunomagnetic selection procedure within a closed blood bag system for volume-reduced UCB transplants was evaluated, and the influence of CD34 cell selection on in vivo engraftment potential was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Eleven thawed buffy coat-processed UCB units were processed within a standard blood bag with a washing solution. In six independent experiments, the same dosage of 2 x 104 CD34+ cells from paired selected and nonselected samples was transplanted into NOD-SCID mice. In two experiments, cells from the negative fraction were also transplanted. RESULTS: The purity of CD34+ cells after selection was correlated with the removal of supernatant after the first washing step and therefore with adequate removal of damaged or dead cells (r=0.86, p < 0.01). Mice transplanted with unselected UCB cells had more human cells within their marrow than animals transplanted with selected cells (8.6 +/- 5.9% selected group vs. 19.8 +/- 14.2% unselected group; p=0.04), whereas no engraftment could be observed transplanting cells from the two negative fractions. A higher percentage of human CD45+ cells in the unselected group were found to be positive for CD38, CD14, CD33, and CD19, indicating a higher potential for these unselected progenitors to differentiate into myeloid cells and B cells. CONCLUSIONS: Processing of volume-reduced and thawed UCB transplants within a closed-bag system before immunomagnetic CD34+ cell selection allows for the preparation of CD34+ cells of significant purity at technically useful cell recoveries. However, these experiments indicate a potential impairment of engraftment capacity for the CD34+ cell-enriched fraction.     

山东脐血库保存4000人份脐血资料的统计分析

对山东脐血库保存的 4 0 0 0人份脐血的部分结果进行了统计分析 ,每份脐血的平均有核细胞数超过 1.2× 10 9,每份脐血CD34+ 细胞总量平均为 3.9× 10 6,有 76 8人份脐血有核细胞数超过 1.5× 10 9,一般可满足体重 4 0kg以上的患者使用。对基因频率的分析表明 ,常见基因与中国其他地区的统计结果相近 ,有 4 0 %的患者可以在山东脐血库找到 1个位点不合的脐血     

双份脐血间CD34^＋细胞与CD3^＋细胞相互作用对分化增殖能力的影响

目的双份脐血移植的植入动力学机制目前尚无定论,推测双份脐血中的淋巴细胞与优势份脐血的产生相关。本实验将双份脐血的CD34^＋细胞与CD3^＋细胞混合培养,观察CD3^＋细胞对CD34^＋细胞的增殖分化有无影响。方法建立液体和半固体培养体系,将免疫磁珠分选纯化的双份脐血间的CD34^＋细胞和CD3^＋细胞混合培养6d和14d。以流式细胞计数观测CD34^＋细胞培养后的分化指标（CD33,CD41,CD71）;计数集落形成单位（GM—CFU、BFU-E、GEMM—CFU）分析CD34^＋细胞的增殖情况。结果液体共培养后各份CD34^＋细胞表面分化指标的变化。脐血CD34^＋细胞分选富集的纯度为（98．70±0．72）％。3d实验组和对照组的各项分化指标无差异（P〉0．05）;6d的CD33、CD71实验组明显低于对照组,而CD41明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。半固体共培养后CD34^＋细胞增殖能力的变化。实验组的红系集落形成单位（BFU—E）及粒单细胞集落形成单位（GM—CFU）数低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而混合细胞集落形成数（GEMM—CFU）高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论将两份脐血的CD34^＋细胞和CD3^＋细胞体外混合培养对CD34^＋细胞的增殖分化能力有影响,推测双份脐血间的相互作用可部分地通过CD3^＋细胞介导。     

Loss of integrity of umbilical cord blood unit freezing bags: description and consequences

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is now a commonly used resource for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation; great effort has been put forth in standardizing protocols for processing, storage, and testing of UCB units. Because UCB units are selected on an individual basis to maximize the chance of engraftment, loss of container integrity may have adverse effects on patient outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: All bag breaks involving UCB units thawed for transplantation at our institution between January 1, 2000, and May 31, 2006, were identified. Information on various laboratory variables and the clinical consequences of UCB bag breaks was obtained from the deviation database of the Clinical Cell Therapy Laboratory (CCTL). Patient medical charts were reviewed for infusion-related data. RESULTS: The incidence of bag breaks over a 6 1/2-year period was 3.5 percent. A majority of cases of loss of container integrity occurred in units that had been cryopreserved for more than 2 years (75%) and resulted in minimal loss of product. There were no significant decreases in quantity or quality of UCB, as determined by various quality control tests; no adverse clinical outcomes related to receiving a broken UCB unit were noted except increased antibiotic usage. CONCLUSION: There was a relatively low incidence of UCB bag breaks in this study that did not result in significant loss of UCB or adverse clinical outcomes. With the FDA considering licensure of UCB for hematopoietic reconstitution, improvement in container design and possibly guidelines limiting length of storage will likely be addressed in detail.     

不同时相移植人骨髓间充质干细胞对人脐血CD34^＋细胞植入NOD／SCID小鼠的影响

为了观察不同时相移植人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）对脐血（UCB）CD34^＋细胞移植的NOD／SCID小鼠造血重建的影响，明确最佳的移植时机，将体外培养扩增的人骨髓MSC分别于UCBCD34^＋细胞移植同时、移植前48小时及移植后48小时输入经^60Coγ射线照射的NOD／SCID小鼠，观察共移植后42天内小鼠外周血白细胞和血小板变化，并于移植后42天处死小鼠，用FACS检测外周血、骨髓和脾脏人源细胞含量。结果表明：（1）MSC和UCBCD34^＋细胞同时输注可明显降低外周血白细胞和血小板下降幅度，缩短白细胞和血小板恢复时间；二者不同时输注均不降低白细胞和血小板下降幅度，且输注UCBCD34^＋细胞后48小时输注MSC时外周血血小板恢复时间明显晚于同时输注者。（2）与单纯UCBCD34^＋细胞移植相比较，不同时相输注MSC均可促进UCBCD34^＋细胞的植入，三个共输注组间促进骨髓各系造血植入效应无明显差异。结论：人骨髓MSC与UCBCD34^＋细胞共移植时，以同时移植效果最佳，此结果为MSC的临床应用提供了实验依据。