腹横肌的CT解剖学及其在腹横肌平面阻滞的临床意义

目的探讨腹横肌在不同人群腹壁层面的厚度变化及其在腹横肌平面阻滞的临床意义。 方法回顾性分析2021年1-12月济南市中心医院胃肠外一科60例住院患者的临床及CT资料。用CT影像LIS系统测量不同水平腹横肌和腹壁厚度,分析腹横肌和腹壁厚度及其影响因素。 结果脐水平和髂前上棘水平腹横肌厚度在不同体质量指数（BMI）、性别和年龄之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;脐水平与髂前上棘水平腹壁厚度在不同性别、BMI之间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,在不同年龄之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论腹横肌厚度在不同人群腹壁层面相对恒定,对腹腔镜辅助腹横肌平面阻滞具有重要参考意义。     

Serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane block

We measured the serum concentration of lidocaine after transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block with 40 ml of 1% lidocaine in 12 patients under general anesthesia, using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The peak mean serum concentration of lidocaine occurred 30 min after the block (3.6 ± 0.7 μg·ml⁻¹). The highest concentration of lidocaine (5.5 μg·ml⁻¹) was recorded 15 min after the block. These results indicate that a TAP block can potentially cause systemic toxicity of a local anesthetic. The analgesic effect of the TAP block may partially depend on the rise in serum concentration of the local anesthetic.     

Post-operative C-reactive protein profile following abdominal wall reconstruction with transversus abdominis posterior components separation

IntroductionAbdominal wall reconstruction using posterior component separation with transversus abdominis release (AWTAR) produces a unique post-operative CRP profile, when compared to routine elective colorectal operations. Therefore, we aim to establish the normal post-operative C-reactive protein (poCRP) profile following AWRTAR and reduce the unnecessary invasive interventions in patients already at greater risk of septic complications.MethodsA retrospective analysis of daily poCRP levels was performed both for patients who underwent uncomplicated AWRTAR (n = 12), and a comparator group of uncomplicated open right hemicolectomies (RH) matched for age and sex (n = 24). All operations in both groups were performed by a single surgeon from 2013 to 2015.ResultsThe median (IQR) age was 62 (16) and 67 (16) years respectively, with a higher proportion of males to females in both groups (10:2 vs. 17:7). The poCRP profile follows an initial steep rise, peaking at day 2 followed by a gradual washout phase. The poCRP peak is significantly greater in the AWRTAR group compared to the RH group (274 [95%CI ±25] vs. 160 [95%CI ± 27]; p = 0.0001), with a positive correlation between day 2 CRP levels and operative length (r = 0.56).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that uncomplicated AWRTAR provokes a significantly greater poCRP rise (>200) compared to that well described in the literature for uncomplicated open colectomy. As poCRP is an important marker of post-operative recovery with abnormally high levels associated with septic complications, these data should help clinicians interpret the post-operative clinical course after AWRTAR.     

不同浓度罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果

目的探讨不同浓度罗哌卡因腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级剖宫产产妇150例,随机均分为三组:A组、B组和C组术后双侧TAP分别注射0.25%、0.20%、0.15%罗哌卡因1.5mg/kg,并使用PCIA。观察和记录术后4、8、12、24和48h产妇VAS评分。并记录产妇镇痛满意率、镇痛泵按压次数及发生TAP相关并发症(穿破腹膜入腹腔、腹壁严重损伤、感染出血、局麻药误入血管及局麻药中毒)。结果与C组比较,术后不同时点A组产妇VAS评分明显降低(P0.05)。术后不同时点A组和B组VAS评分差异无统计学意义。与C组比较,A组和B两组产妇对镇痛满意率明显增加、镇痛泵按压次数明显减少(P0.05)。三组产妇未发生穿破腹膜入腹腔、腹壁严重损伤、感染出血、局麻药误入血管及局麻药中毒等TAP相关并发症。结论 0.20%以上罗哌卡因TAP阻滞联合PCIA用于剖宫产术后镇痛是安全有效的。     

Electromyographic activity of trunk and hip muscles during stabilization exercises in four-point kneeling in healthy volunteers

Stabilization exercises are intended to optimize function of the muscles that are believed to govern trunk stability. Debate exists whether certain muscles are more important than others in optimally performing these exercises. Thirty healthy volunteers were asked to perform three frequently prescribed stabilization exercises in four-point kneeling. The electromyographic activity of different trunk and hip muscles was evaluated. Average amplitudes obtained during the exercises were normalized to the amplitude in maximal voluntary contraction (% MVIC). During all three exercises, the highest relative muscle activity levels (> 20% MVIC) were consistently found in the ipsilateral lumbar multifidus and gluteus maximus. During both the single leg extension (exercise 1) and the leg and arm extension exercise (exercise 2) the contralateral internal oblique and ipsilateral external oblique reached high levels (> 20%MVIC). During exercise 2 there were also high relative activity levels of the ipsilateral lumbar part and the contralateral thoracic part of the iliocostalis lumborum and the contralateral lumbar multifidus. During the leg and arm extension exercise with contralateral hip flexion (exercise 3) there were high relative muscle activity levels of all back muscles, except for the latissimus dorsi muscle. The lowest relative muscle activity levels (< 10% MVIC) were found in the rectus abdominis and the ipsilateral internal oblique during all exercises, and in the contralateral gluteus maximus during exercises 1 and 2. The results of this study show that in exercises in four-point kneeling performed by healthy subjects, hip and trunk muscles seem to work together in a harmonious way. This shows that when relative activity of muscles is measured, both “global and local” muscles function together in order to stabilize the spine.     

腹横肌松解术在腹壁巨大切口疝修补中的临床应用

目的探讨腹横肌松解术（transversus abdominis muscle release,TAR）在治疗腹壁巨大切口疝中的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2017年8月,杭州市第一人民医院集团收治的25例腹壁巨大切口疝患者的临床资料。 结果25例腹壁巨大切口疝患者中,其中男性16例,女性9例。平均年龄（65.0±11.4）岁,体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）为（31.15±5.83）kg/m²。平均腹壁缺损宽度（11.40±1.36）cm。22例为中线切口疝,3例为侧方切口疝。4例为复发性切口疝。所有患者均采用TAR＋后组织结构分离技术进行腹壁功能性重建,并采用肌后补片加强修补的手术方式。手术时间（152.0±31.6）min,术中出血量（116.8±44.1）cm³,住院时间（13.9±2.9） d。术后有2例出现浅表手术部位感染,4例Ⅲ型血清肿,1例不完全机械性肠梗阻,均经非手术治疗后治愈。无补片感染、肠瘘等并发症。随访期间未发现有复发、腹壁膨出病例。 结论腹横肌松解术＋后组织结构分离术是腹壁巨大切口疝治疗一种有效、安全的手术修补方法。     

腹横肌平面阻滞在腹部手术术后镇痛中的应用

背景 腹横肌平面（transversus abdominis plane block,TAP）阻滞技术是一项近几十年发展起来的新型的局部神经阻滞技术,它可以减少术后镇痛阿片类药物的用量,继而减少其相关副作用,提高患者总的满意度. 目的 介绍TAP阻滞技术,探讨其在腹部手术术后镇痛中的应用. 内容 就TAP阻滞的解剖基础、操作方法、临床效果、并发症及尚待解决的问题等方面进行综述,为临床研究及应用提供参考. 趋向 TAP阻滞技术,被证实在很多手术的术后镇痛应用中是安全、有效的,有着广阔的应用前景.     

腰方肌阻滞与腹横肌平面阻滞用于成人腹部手术术后镇痛效果的Meta分析

目的评价超声引导下腰方肌阻滞(QLB)与腹横肌平面阻滞(TAPB)在成人腹部手术术后镇痛的效果。方法检索Cochrane、Pubmed、Embase、中国知网、万方和维普数据库,纳入腰方肌阻滞(QLB组)与腹横肌平面阻滞(TAP组)在成人腹部手术后镇痛比较的随机对照试验(RCT)。主要结局指标为术后VAS疼痛评分,次要结局指标包括术后24 h内补救性镇痛率及术后不良反应发生率。采用RevMan 5.3进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入19项RCTs,共1412例患者。与TAP组比较,QLB组术后8 h静息(MD=-0.29, 95%CI-0.52～-0.06,P0.05)及运动状态(MD=-0.47, 95%CI-0.80～-0.14,P0.05)和12h静息(MD=-0.30,95%CI-0.48～-0.13,P0.05)及运动状态(MD=-0.68, 95%CI-1.03～-0.33,P0.05)时VAS评分均明显降低。QLB组术后24 h内补救性镇痛率明显低于TAP组(RR=0.27, 95%CI 0.17～0.42,P0.05),同时恶心呕吐、眩晕的发生率明显低于TAP组(RR=0.37, 95%CI 0.24～0.56,P0.05; RR=0.29, 95%CI 0.14～0.57,P0.05)。结论腰方肌阻滞用于成人腹部手术术后镇痛效果优于腹横肌平面阻滞,且不良反应更少。     

腹横肌平面阻滞在腹股沟疝修补术患者术后快速康复中的作用

目的探讨腹横肌平面阻滞在腹股沟疝修补术患者术后快速康复中的应用价值。 方法选择2017年7月至2019年6月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院行腹股沟疝修补术患者100例，年龄≥45岁，随机数字表法分为试验组（T组）和对照组（C组），每组各50例。T组患者全身麻醉后行患侧腹横肌平面阻滞（TAPB），给予0.375%罗哌卡因20 ml。记录所有患者术后2 h（T1）、6 h（T2）、12 h（T3）、24 h（T4）、3 d（T5）静息和运动视觉模拟疼痛（VAS）评分；记录术中镇静药物和镇痛药物使用量及术后不良反应发生情况；记录术前、术后1、3、7 d医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）评分结果和简易智能精神状态量表（MMSE）评分结果。 结果T组患者术后T1、T2、T3、T4时点静息和运动VAS评分显著低于C组（P<0.05），T5时点运动VAS评分显著低于C组（P<0.05）；T组患者术中镇静药物、镇痛药物使用量较C组显著减少（P<0.05），术后恶心、呕吐发生率也显著降低（P<0.05）；T组患者术后1 d HADS评分显著低于C组（P<0.05）；T组患者术后1、3 d MMSE评分均显著低于C组（P<0.05）。 结论TAPB可安全应用于腹股沟疝修补术患者，提供完善的术后镇痛效果，同时减少术后不良情绪的发生，预防术后认知水平的下降，符合术后快速康复的理念。     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于下腹部手术术后镇痛的效果

目的观察超声引导下腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞用于下腹部手术术后镇痛的临床效果。方法选择下腹部手术患者90例,年龄25~55岁,随机分为三组,每组30例。A组行超声引导下单侧TAP阻滞;B组行舒芬太尼PCIA;C组行舒芬太尼+罗哌卡因PCEA。所有患者均在腰-硬联合麻醉下完成手术。观察并记录术后2、4、8、16、24h的VAS疼痛评分,及术后镇痛相关的不良反应。结果与A组比较,B组在术后2、4、8、16h的VAS疼痛评分明显升高(P0.05);C组在术后24h的VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P0.05)。与A组比较,B组恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、嗜睡明显增多(P0.05);C组恶心呕吐、下肢感觉及运动异常、尿潴留明显增多(P0.05)。结论超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞可有效缓解下腹部手术后24h内的疼痛,且无明显不良反应。     

Efficacy and safety of transversus abdominis plane blocks versus thoracic epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing major abdominal oncologic resections: A prospective,randomized controlled trial

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare patient outcomes for thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks.

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产患者超前镇痛的效果

目的 评价超声引导下腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于剖宫产患者超前镇痛的效果.方法 采用前瞻性、随机对照研究设计.择期行剖宫产患者90例,年龄20～39岁,体重50～80 kg,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为3组(每组30例):对照组(Ⅰ组)、术前TAP阻滞组(Ⅱ组)、术后TAP阻滞组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ组不实施TAP阻滞,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别于麻醉诱导前即刻和手术结束时即刻在超声引导下行双侧TAP阻滞.记录术后2、4、12、24 h和48 h时点3组产妇静息状态下的VAS评分,术后24 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量、镇痛补救率、镇痛泵按压次数,术后24 h内副作用发生情况.结果 Ⅱ组患者术后2、4h和12 h VAS评分[(2.3±0.4)、(2.4±0.4)、(2.2±0.4)分]与Ⅲ组[(3.2±0.8)、(34±0.3)、(3.1±0.5)分]比较,明显降低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组患者术后24 h内舒芬太尼累积消耗量、镇痛补救率及镇痛泵按压次数[(40±5)μg、10％、(5.8±1.4)次]与Ⅲ组[(53±7)μg、20％、(10.3±2.6)次]比较,明显降低(P＜0.05);Ⅱ组患者术后24h内恶心呕吐发生率与Ⅲ组比较,明显降低(P＜0.05). 结论 术前超声引导下TAP阻滞对剖宫产患者具有良好的超前镇痛效应,且安全性较高.     

不同时点腹横肌平面阻滞对腹腔镜术中及术后镇痛效果的影响

目的 比较术前和术后腹横肌平面阻滞(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)对腹腔镜手术患者术中和术后镇痛效果的影响. 方法 全身麻醉下行腹腔镜肠道手术的患者120例,采用随机数字表法分为切皮前处理组(A组)、缝皮后处理组(F组)和对照组(C组),每组40例.A组和F组患者分别在切皮前和手术后进行B超引导下TAP阻滞,分别给予双侧注射0.4％罗哌卡因各20 ml;C组患者则给予等量生理盐水.所有患者术后均使用芬太尼静脉输注自控镇痛泵.比较3组术中切皮前后血流动力学改变,术中麻醉药物用量,术后3、6、12、24、30、48 h芬太尼用量,VAS评分和副作用等. 结果 3组患者切皮前后血流动力学指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术中A组瑞芬太尼用量[(1.01±0.10) mg]小于F组[(1.40±0.30)mg]和C组[(1.38±0.30)mg](P＜0.05);术后3、6、12、24 h时,A组和F组患者静息与咳嗽状态下VAS评分低于C组(P＜0.05),术后30 h时,F组患者静息与咳嗽状态下VAS评分低于A组和C组(P＜0.05);术后3、6、12、24 h时,A组和F组的芬太尼用量少于C组(P＜0.05),且术后3h时,F组的芬太尼用量高于A组(P＜0.05),术后30 h时,F组的芬太尼用量少于A组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);3组术后恶心、呕吐等副作用比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05). 结论 TAP的镇痛作用与局部麻醉药阻滞作用时间相关联.术前或术后TAP在镇痛作用上差异无统计学意义.     

超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于老年患者腹股沟疝修补术的临床研究

目的 探讨超声引导下腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞用于老年患者腹股沟疝修补术的安全性和有效性. 方法 选择择期行腹股沟疝修补术65岁以上老年患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法分为TAP阻滞组(A组)和局部浸润麻醉组(B组),每组30例.记录麻醉前(T0)、手术开始(T1)、手术开始后15 min(T2)、手术开始后30 min(T3)及手术结束(T4)时的MAP和HR;记录术后4、8、12、24h的VAS评分,追加镇痛药的例数;记录麻醉相关并发症;于术后48 h行患者麻醉满意度评价. 结果 A组术后4、8、12 h VAS评分[2(1～2)、2(1～2)、1(0～1)]均低于同时点B组[3(2～3)、3(2～3)、1(0～1)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后镇痛药追加例数A组为0例,B组为20例(66.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).A组总体满意度(93％)明显高于B组(73％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 超声引导下TAP阻滞用于老年患者腹股沟疝修补术效果确切,对血流动力学影响小,可减少术后镇痛药用量,且患者的总体满意度高.     

超声引导腹横肌平面阻滞用于患儿疝囊高位结扎术后镇痛

目的 观察超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞用于患儿腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术后镇痛的临床效果.方法 择期行单侧腹股沟斜疝的患儿50例,年龄1～3岁,ASA Ⅰ级,采用随机数字表法,将患儿均分为超声引导下腹横肌平面阻滞组(TAP组)和对照组.TAP组术前在超声引导下行腹横肌平面阻滞,注入0.25％左旋布比卡因0.3 ml/kg,对照组给予等容量生理盐水.记录术后拔除喉罩时间、麻醉后恢复室(PACU)停留时间;PACU期间记录躁动发生情况,采用患儿麻醉苏醒期躁动量化评分表(PAED)评价躁动程度.记录术后1、4、8、12、16和24 h患儿FLACC评分,记录腹横肌平面阻滞相关不良反应的发生情况.结果 与对照组比较,TAP组患儿躁动发生率、PAED评分均明显降低(P＜0.05);TAP组患儿术后1、4、8和12 h的FLACC评分均明显降低(P＜0.05).两组患儿术后16h和24 h FLACC评分、拔除喉罩时间和PACU停留时间差异无统计学意义.两组患儿均未见TAP阻滞相关不良反应.结论 患儿腹横肌平面阻滞给予0.25％左旋布比卡因0.3 ml/kg,能提供至少12 h的术后镇痛效果,有效预防七氟醚麻醉苏醒期躁动的发生.     

腹横肌平面阻滞用于剖宫产术后镇痛的效果评价:Meta分析

目的 采用Meta分析的方法评价腹横肌平面阻滞(transversus abdominis plane block,TAPB)在剖宫产术后镇痛的安全性及有效性. 方法 检索PubMed 、OVID、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆,检索时间从建库至2015年3月.收集剖宫产术后镇痛使用TAPB的随机对照临床试验.采用Cochrane协作网系统评价法评价纳入文献的质量,采用RevMan5.2软件进行Meta分析. 结果 共纳入12项研究,包括663例患者,其中TAPB组342例,对照组321例.与对照组比较,TAPB组患者术后12h活动时VAS评分明显降低[加权均数差(weighted mean difference,WMD)=-0.61,95％置信区间(confidence interval,CI):-1.13～-0.09,P＜0.05]、术后24 h吗啡累积消耗量减少(WMD=-22.78,95％CI:-24.49～-21.07,P＜0.05)以及TAPB组患者需首次给予补救镇痛的时间延长(WMD=148.22,95％CI:86.57～209.86,P＜0.05),并且TAPB组患者恶心呕吐[比值比(OR)=0.23,95％CI:0.12～0.44,P＜0.05]及过度镇静(OR=0.29,95％CI:0.12～0.67,P＜0.05)的发生率较低. 结论 TAPB可能是剖宫产患者术后镇痛的一种较好的选择.     

The anatomic basis of the transversus and rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal (TRAMP) composite flap

Summary The aim of this study was to provide an anatomic basis for the transversus and rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal (TRAMP) flap, recently successfully introduced for vulvovaginal reconstruction. In 25 cadavers the width and length of the portions of rectus and transversus abdominis muscles suitable for the TRAMP flap as well as the length and diameter of the inferior epigastric artery were assessed. The mean length of the rectus abdominis muscle was 32.42±0.48 cm and its width 6.15±0.12 cm. The suitable part of the transversus abdominis muscle measured 19.08±0.3 cm mean length with a mean width of 18.62±0.19 cm. No significant left-right differences were observed. The resulting area of the rectus abdominis muscle was 197.78±5.09 cm² and that of the transversus abdominis muscle 356.20±7.87 cm². The mean extramuscular course of the deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) was 4.97±0.09 cm with a mean diameter of 0.29±0.01 cm. This offers numerous possibilities for an anastomosis of the DIEA when the TRAMP flap is desired as a free flap. Because of its dimensions and flexibility the TRAMP offers several possibilities in reconstructive surgery.     

双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的观察双侧腹横肌平面复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞在腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者中的镇痛效果及安全性。方法选择2015年5~9月拟在全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者90例,男35例,女55例,年龄19~79岁,BMI 18~30kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。将患者随机分为双侧腹横肌平面阻滞复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞组(TR组)、腹横肌平面阻滞组(T组)和静脉镇痛泵镇痛组(P组),每组30例。麻醉诱导前,TR组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因10ml;T组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射0.22%甲磺酸罗哌卡因20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射生理盐水10 ml;P组在超声引导下双侧腹横肌平面分别注射生理盐水20ml,双侧腹直肌后鞘分别注射生理盐水10 ml,P组术后使用PCIA(配方:舒芬太尼50μg+生理盐水50ml)。记录三组患者入室后5min(T_1)、腹腔穿刺导入器置入前2min(T_2)和和置入后2min(T_3)的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO_2,术中瑞芬太尼及丙泊酚的用量,术后2、6、12、24h患者腹腔穿刺孔静态和动态视觉模拟疼痛(VAS)评分,同时评价术后镇痛满意度,记录不良反应的发生情况。结果与T组和P组比较,TR组患者在腹腔穿刺导入器穿刺前后血压波动较小(P0.05);术后2、6、12hTR组剑突下穿刺孔的静态和动态VAS评分明显低于T组和P组(P0.05);术后2、6hTR组脐穿刺孔的静态VAS评分和术后2、6、12hTR组脐穿刺孔的动态VAS评分明显低于T组和P组,术后12hTR组脐穿刺孔的静态VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05);术后2、6、12hTR组右侧肋缘下穿刺孔的静态和动态VAS评分明显低于P组(P0.05),术后24h三组患者的VAS评分差异无统计学意义,TR组术后镇痛满意度明显高于T组和P组(P0.05)。结论双侧腹横肌平面复合双侧腹直肌鞘阻滞应用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者有助于术中循环稳定,术后镇痛效果好,具有安全性。     

右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因腹横肌平面阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的效果

目的探讨右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面(transversus abdominis plane,TAP)阻滞在腹膜透析置管术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择在TAP阻滞下行腹膜透析置管手术患者60例,男45例,女15例,年龄35~60岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为两组,每组30例:罗哌卡因(R组)和右美托咪定复合罗哌卡因组(DR组)。R组以0.375%罗哌卡因45 ml,DR组以右美托咪定1μg/kg+0.375%罗哌卡因复合液45 ml行腹横肌平面阻滞。记录入室后10 min(T1)、手术开始即刻(T2)、术中分离腹横肌(T3)、术毕(T4)时的MAP、HR、SpO2、Ramsay镇静评分。T1-T4时抽取静脉血样,测定血浆皮质醇(Cor)、血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度。记录阻滞起效时间、持续时间、镇痛时间、患者满意度、术中舒芬太尼补救用量及围术期心动过缓、低血压、恶心等不良反应的发生情况。结果与R组比较,T2-T4时DR组MAP明显降低,HR明显减慢,Ramsay评分明显升高,血浆Cor、E、NE浓度明显降低(P<0.05),阻滞持续时间、镇痛时间明显延长(P<0.05),术中舒芬太尼用量明显减少(P<0.05),患者满意度明显升高(P<0.05)。两组阻滞起效时间、SpO2及心动过缓、低血压、恶心发生率差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定1μg/kg复合0.375%罗哌卡因行腹横肌平面阻滞用于腹膜透析置管术,可有效减轻应激反应,延长阻滞持续时间和镇痛时间,改善麻醉效果。     

Open transversus abdominis plane block and analgesic requirements in patients following right hemicolectomy

INTRODUCTION

Reducing exogenously administered opioids in the post-operative period is associated with early return of bowel function and decreased post-operative complication rates. We evaluated the effectiveness of a surgeon-delivered open transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block as a method to reduce post-operative opioid requirements, sedation and inpatient stay.

METHODS

The patient cohort was identified from those who had undergone a right hemicolectomy for colonic cancer. Patients received either an open TAP block and post-operative patient controlled anaesthesia (PCA) (n=20) or were part of a control group who received subcutaneous local anaesthetic infiltration and PCA (n=16).

RESULTS

PCA morphine use was reduced within the first 24 hours post-operatively in the TAP block group compared with controls (42.1mg vs 72.3mg, p=0.002). Sedation was also reduced significantly in the early post-operative period (p<0.04). There was a non-significant trend towards reduced length of stay in the intervention group (8.2 vs 8.73 days). There were no recorded complications attributable to the open TAP block.

CONCLUSIONS

Open TAP blocks are safe and reduce post-operative opioid requirements and sedation after right hemicolectomies. They should be considered as part of a multimodal enhanced recovery approach to patients undergoing abdominal surgery via a transverse incision.