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1.
Neal A. Palafox Leslie Given Karin Hohman John Ray Taitano Johnny Hedson Lee E. Buenconsejo-Lum Kamal Gunawardane Janos Baksa Martina Reichhardt 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2018,29(12):1287-1295
Introduction
In the early 1990s, a comprehensive cancer control (CCC) approach was developed in the United States (US). In 2003, the US-Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) adopted the CCC approach through a regional coalition, the Cancer Council of the Pacific Islands (CCPI). Using the CCC approach, the CCPI developed jurisdiction-specific cancer coalitions and initiated their respective cancer plans.Methods
The evolution of the CCC approach and the history of the CCPI regional coalition are reviewed. The outcomes of the regional approach for cancer control in the USAPI are described to illustrate the possibilities, value-added and innovation of using a CCC strategy in a multi-national coalition based in a resource-limited environment.Results
The CCC approach enabled the CCPI to (1) harmonize cancer control efforts between the six USAPI jurisdictions, (2) represent the USAPI cancer needs as a single voice, and (3) develop a regional cancer control strategy. Outcomes include (1) a regional cancer registry, (2) three sequential regional CCC plans, (3) leveraged resources for the USAPI, (4) enhanced on-site technical assistance and training, (5) improved standards for cancer screening, (6) evidence-based cancer control interventions adapted for the USAPI.Conclusion
The regional CCPI coupled with the CCC approach is an effective engine of change. The CCC strategies enabled navigation of the political, geographic, cultural, and epidemiologic Pacific environment. The regional partners have been able to harmonize cancer control efforts in resource-limited settings. Regional cancer coalitions may be effective in the global arena for cancer control between communities, states, or countries.2.
Sarah Moreland-Russell Prajakta Adsul Seif Nasir Maria E. Fernandez Timothy J. Walker Heather M. Brandt Robin C. Vanderpool Meagan Pilar Paula Cuccaro Wynne E. Norton Cynthia A. Vinson David A. Chambers Ross C. Brownson 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2018,29(12):1221-1230
Purpose
In 2015–2016, the Comprehensive Cancer Control National Partnership provided technical assistance workshops to support 22 cancer coalitions in increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake and increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in their local communities. As national efforts continue to invest in providing technical assistance, there is a current gap in understanding its use as a strategy to accelerate implementation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for cancer prevention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of technical assistance on the participants’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills for implementing EBIs in their local context and enhancing state team collaboration.Methods
Data were collected August-November 2017 using web-based questionnaires from 44 HPV workshop participants and 66 CRC workshop participants.Results
Both HPV vaccination and CRC screening workshop participants reported changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to implementing EBIs in their local state context. Several participants reported increased abilities in communicating and coordinating with partners in their states and utilizing additional implementation strategies to increase HPV vaccination uptake and CRC screening rates.Conclusions
Findings from this study suggest that providing technical assistance to members of comprehensive cancer control coalitions is useful in promoting collaborations and building capacity for implementing EBIs for cancer prevention and control.3.
Elizabeth A. Rohan Nina Miller Floyd BonnerIII Kristi Fultz-Butts Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman Catherine M. Alfano Kristen Cox Santiago Kendall Bergman Eric Tai 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2018,29(12):1277-1285
Purpose
As of 2016, an estimated 15.5 million cancer survivors were living in the United States and the number of cancer survivors is expected to increase to 20.3 million by 2026. Numerous clinical studies have shown that comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes, and unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as physical inactivity and heavy smoking, negatively influence overall quality of life and long-term survival of cancer survivors. Accordingly, survivorship programs seek to focus on overall wellness, including symptom management, monitoring for late effects of treatment, monitoring for recurrence, helping patients adapt healthy behaviors, and quality of life. This paper provides a broad overview of public health efforts to address the needs of cancer survivors.Methods
To describe a range of examples of survivorship initiatives in comprehensive cancer control, we analyzed documents from comprehensive cancer control programs and coalitions and solicited detailed examples from several national partners.Results
Comprehensive cancer control programs, coalitions, and partners are undertaking myriad initiatives to address cancer survivorship and building upon evidence-based interventions to promote healthy behaviors for cancer survivors across the country.Conclusion
A coordinated public health approach to caring for the growing population of cancer survivors can help address the long-term physical, psychosocial, and economic effects of cancer treatment on cancer survivors and their families.4.
Introduction
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program (NCCCP) funds states, the District of Columbia, tribal organizations, territories, and jurisdictions across the USA develop and implement jurisdiction-specific comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plans. The objective of this study was to analyze NCCCP action plan data for incorporation and appropriateness of cancer survivorship-specific goals and objectives.Methods
In August 2013, NCCCP action plans maintained within CDC’s Chronic Disease Management Information System (CDMIS) from years 2010 to 2013 were reviewed to assess the inclusion of cancer survivorship objectives. We used the CDMIS search engine to identify “survivorship” within each plan and calculated the proportion of programs that incorporate cancer survivorship-related content during the study period and in each individual year. Cancer survivorship objectives were then categorized by compatibility with nationally accepted, recommended strategies from the report A National Action Plan for Cancer Survivorship: Advancing Public Health Strategies (NAP).Results
From 2010 to 2013, 94 % (n?=?65) of NCCCP action plans contained survivorship content in at least 1 year during the time period and 38 % (n?=?26) of all NCCCP action plans addressed cancer survivorship every year during the study period. Nearly 64 % (n?=?44) of NCCCP action plans included cancer survivorship objectives recommended in NAP.Conclusion
Nearly all NCCCP action plans addressed cancer survivorship from 2010 to 2013, and most programs implemented recommended cancer survivorship efforts during the time period.Implications for Cancer Survivors
NCCCP grantees can improve cancer survivorship support by incorporating recommended efforts within each year of their plans.5.
Aisha Lofters Winnie Siu Meghan Kyte Nakia Lee-Foon Fran Scott Onye Nnorom 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2017,28(11):1207-1218
Background
Effective strategies are needed to actively encourage Black women in Canada to adhere to breast and cervical cancer screening and follow-up. In this study, we describe “Ko-Pamoja,” a pilot peer education program for breast and cervical cancer screening targeted specifically at Black women in Toronto, Canada.Methods
We used an Afrocentric lens to design the program, whose purpose was to increase awareness of cancer susceptibility and the benefits of screening for breast and cervical cancer for Black women. Participants were recruited through three Black-predominant churches. We used pre- and post-session questionnaires to assess changes in participant awareness of cancer susceptibility and screening guidelines, and changes in screening self-efficacy.Results
30 women attended sessions. Ko-Pamoja was able to increase awareness of cancer susceptibility, awareness of screening guidelines, and screening self-efficacy. Two months after the last session, four women had been screened for breast cancer at a participating mammogram site.Conclusions
Building on the successes of Ko-Pamoja, future versions are being developed in the region. These versions will be adapted to take into account our lessons learned while maintaining the Afrocentric lens and community-focussed approach, in order to promote cancer screening and ultimately improve outcomes.6.
7.
H. Titzer 《Der Onkologe》2016,22(9):645-650
Background
The treatment of oncology and hematology patients is becoming more complex due to progress in cancer treatment modalities and strategies and represents a challenge for the multiprofessional healthcare team. An appropriate management is necessary in order to bundle and deploy specialist and personnel resources.Objective
The aim of this article is to identify the most important factors to be considered when implementing multiprofessional symptom management.Methods
A selected literature review was conducted on the topic at hand and together with reflections on clinical experience was used to answer the questions posed.Results
Considering the current resource situation with respect to healthcare professionals, a systematic implementation of symptom management is recommended. The theory of symptom management describes a framework which recommends guidelines for the implementation of a comprehensive multiprofessional symptom management.Conclusion
In order to meet the challenge of symptom management in a multiprofessional way, communication is an important factor to consider during the implementation process. Adherence to the symptom management theory is required from all healthcare professionals.8.
Purpose
This study examined patterns in mammography and Pap test use across and within subpopulations of Hispanic women.Methods
Based on data from the National Health Interview Survey (2008, 2010, and 2013), we estimated the proportion of Hispanic women reporting testing for breast and cervical cancer for specific subgroups. We examined test use by demographic characteristics using Chi-square tests.Results
Overall, the proportion of women aged 50–74 years who reported a mammogram within the past 2 years did not differ significantly across Hispanic subgroups. Among publically and uninsured women, however, proportions of mammography utilization varied significantly across Hispanic subgroups. The proportion of women aged 21–65 years who received a Pap test within the past 3 years differed significantly across Hispanic subgroups.Conclusions
Among subgroups of Hispanic women, patterns in mammography and Pap test use vary by insurance status, length of US residency, and type of screening. Certain subgroups of Hispanic women may benefit from culturally tailored efforts to promote breast and cervical cancer screening.9.
Aim
To explore information-seeking behaviors on links between cancers and environment.Method
Focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews realized, respectively, with individuals without and with personal cancer experience.Results
The majority of respondents reported informationscanning behaviors. Only half cancer patients searched for information regarding the links between cancers and environment.Conclusion
Little information is sought on links between cancers and environment.10.
Purpose
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (NSES) can influence breast cancer mortality and poorer health outcomes are observed in deprived neighborhoods. Commonly used NSES indexes are difficult to interpret. Latent class models allow for alternative characterization of NSES for use in studies of cancer causes and control.Methods
Breast cancer data was from a cohort of women diagnosed at an academic medical center in Philadelphia, PA. NSES variables were defined using Census data. Latent class modeling was used to characterize NSES.Results
Complete data was available for 1,664 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1994 and 2002. Two separate latent variables, each with 2-classes (LC2) best represented NSES. LC2 demonstrated strong associations with race and tumor stage and size.Conclusions
Latent variable models identified specific characteristics associated with advantaged or disadvantaged neighborhoods, potentially improving our understanding of the impact of socioeconomic influence on breast cancer prognosis. Improved classification will enhance our ability to identify vulnerable populations and prioritize the targeting of cancer control efforts.11.
Robert W. Korycinski Bethany L. Tennant Michelle A. Cawley Bonny Bloodgood April Y. Oh David Berrigan 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2018,29(3):371-377
Purpose
Geospatial, contextual, and multilevel research is integral to cancer prevention and control. NCI-designated Cancer Centers are at the forefront of cancer research; therefore, this paper sought to review the geospatial, contextual, and multilevel research at these cancer centers.Methods
Investigators used PubMed and Web of Science to compile geospatial publications from 1971 to February 2016 with cancer center-affiliated authors. Relevant abstracts were pulled and classified by six geospatial approaches, eight geospatial scales, and eight cancer sites.Results
The searches identified 802 geospatial, contextual, and multilevel publications with authors affiliated at 60 of the 68 NCI-designated Cancer Centers. Over 90% were published after 2000. Five cancer centers accounted for approximately 50% of total publications, and 30 cancer centers accounted for over 85% of total publications. Publications covered all geospatial approaches and scales to varying degrees, and 90% dealt with cancer.Conclusions
The NCI-designated Cancer Center network is increasingly pursuing geospatial, contextual, and multilevel cancer research, although many cancer centers still conduct limited to no research in this area. Expanding geospatial efforts to research programs across all cancer centers will further enrich cancer prevention and control. Similar reviews may benefit other domestic and international cancer research institutions.12.
D. S. Robertson 《Cellular oncology (Dordrecht)》2018,41(1):103-106
Purpose
Purpose of the work is to highlight a possible connection between metabolic iodine and natural tumour control.Method
Method adopted is to use information available in the literature.Result
Result indicated a means of the purpose being attained.Conclusion
Conclusion drawn is that a tumour control method derives from the relationship studied.13.
Yaqiong Sun Jie Wu Hui Cai Shuyang Wang Qiaolan Liu William J. Blot Xiao Ou Shu Qiuyin Cai 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2016,27(6):831-835
Purpose
No biomarker is available for pancreatic cancer early detection, but a small prospective European study involving 16 cases and 32 controls raised the possibility that anti-Ezrin autoantibodies may be associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. We aimed to validate this finding in a case–control study nested within a prospective study in the USA.Methods
Levels of anti-Ezrin autoantibodies were examined using ELISA in pre-diagnostic plasma samples of 73 cases and 145 matched controls. Paired t test and paired signed rank tests were used to determine the difference between two groups, and conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between anti-Ezrin autoantibody levels and risk of developing pancreatic cancer.Results
No association was found between levels of anti-Ezrin plasma autoantibodies and subsequent risk of developing pancreatic cancer.Conclusion
Anti-Ezrin autoantibodies did not appear to be useful as a plasma biomarker for early detection of pancreatic cancer.14.
Behnoosh Momin Christina McNaughton Joseph D. Galanek Antonio Neri M. Shayne Gallaway Mary Puckett 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2018,29(12):1249-1255
Background
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and radon exposure is the second leading risk factor. Fewer than 25% of existing U.S. homes have been tested for radon, and only 5–10% of new homes use some form of radon prevention.Objective
This qualitative study sought to determine radon-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Realtors to inform cancer control activities at local and state levels.Methods
We conducted focus groups with Realtors in four states to collect information about knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding radon.Results
Realtors reported obtaining information on radon in similar ways, being aware of radon and its characteristics, and dealing with radon issues as a normal part of home sales. Differences in attitudes toward testing varied across states. Realtors in states with radon policies generally expressed more positive attitudes toward testing than those in states without policies. Radon mitigation was identified as an added expense to buyers and sellers. Realtors cited concerns about the reliability and credibility of mitigation systems and installers.Conclusions
These findings suggest that attitudes and practices vary among Realtors and that additional educational resources about radon as a cancer risk factor may be beneficial. When comprehensive cancer control programs update their plans, they may want to add objectives, strategies, or activities to reduce radon exposure and prevent lung cancer. These activities could include partnering with Realtors to improve their knowledge, attitudes, and practices about radon, as well as developing and distributing radon educational resources.15.
Janet S. de Moor Kisha Coa Erin E. Kent Carmen Moten Sarah Kobrin Cheryl Altice K. Robin Yabroff 《Journal of cancer survivorship》2018,12(6):813-820
Purpose
Cancer treatment can precipitate functional limitations that restrict survivors’ ability to work. Yet, it is unclear whether healthcare providers discuss the potential for employment limitations with their patients. We assessed the frequency of patient-provider communication about employment, from the perspectives of survivors, and examined whether receiving a treatment summary was associated with employment communication.Methods
Cancer survivors who were working at diagnosis were identified from the Health Information National Trends Survey-4, conducted in 2014 (n?=?290). Separate multivariable regression analyses examined the associations between survivor characteristics and employment communication and receipt of a treatment summary and employment communication.Results
Among cancer survivors who were working at diagnosis, 62.69% (95% CI 54.42–70.95) reported discussing employment with any healthcare provider at any time since diagnosis. Younger cancer survivors and those more recently treated were more likely to ever have employment discussions. Survivors who received a treatment summary were also more likely to ever discuss employment with any healthcare provider than survivors who did not receive a treatment summary (OR?=?3.47, 95% CI 1.02–11.84).Conclusions
Approximately two thirds of cancer survivors who were working at diagnosis ever discussed employment with a healthcare provider. Thus, for a sizable portion of cancer survivors, the potential impact of cancer on employment is never discussed with any healthcare provider.Implications for Cancer Survivors
Efforts are needed to proactively screen patients for cancer-related work limitations, empower patients to discuss employment concerns with their healthcare providers, and develop interventions that support survivors’ goals for working throughout treatment and recovery.16.
Introduction
Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women. Over the past 40 years, the number of patients diagnosed with breast cancer quadrupled. Breast cancer is one of the most frequent causes of death in women aged 65 and more in Poland.Purpose
The purpose of the study was to evaluate coping strategies, pain management, disease acceptance and adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with breast cancer and to assess the effect of socioeconomic variables on the above mentioned issues.Methods
The study included 193 patients diagnosed with breast cancer during outpatient chemotherapy (classical chemotherapy, hormone therapy, molecularly targeted therapies) at the Center of Oncology, Maria Sk?odowska-Curie Institute in Warsaw. We applied the Paper and Pencil Interview (PAPI) technique. The questionnaire interview consisted of demographic questions (socioeconomic variables) and the following four psychometric tests: BPCQ (Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire), measuring the influence of factors affecting pain management in patients, CSQ (Coping Strategies Questionnaire), designed to evaluate pain coping strategies, AIS (Acceptance of Illness Scale) questionnaire, measuring disease acceptance, and the mini-MAC (Mental Adjustment to Cancer) scale.Results
The results of BPCQ show that breast cancer patients mostly believe that doctors control pain; the mean result for the group was 17.09 and test values were differentiated by education and professional status. The top average score in the pain coping strategies questionnaire was recorded in the positive coping self-statement subscale (mean score = 21.81), whereas the lowest, in the catastrophizing subscale (mean score = 10.60). Here, education and income proved most significant in accounting for the differences recorded. The mean score on the AIS was 28.45, and the key factor differentiating the results was income. As far as the mini-MAC is concerned, we reported the highest score in the fighting spirit subscale (23.43). The average results in the scale were slightly differentiated by socioeconomic variables.Conclusions
Breast cancer patients mostly believe that those who control pain are doctors. Amongst the strategies of coping with pain, the top average score was recorded in the positive coping self-statement subscale. We found out that the level of disease acceptance depends on respondent’s income. The higher the income, the greater the acceptance of illness.17.
Purpose
This study aimed to identify appropriate development and testing strategies for mobile health applications for cancer survivors.Methods
In January of 2016, we conducted a PubMed search for mobile applications for cancer survivors. A total of 32 articles were selected for inclusion, including 13 review articles, and 19 articles describing an mHealth application or intervention. We assessed mobile app development and testing strategies and standards as described in these articles.Results
We identified seven elements of patient empowerment applications for cancer survivors, strategies for application development that take advantage of smartphone capabilities, issues for consideration in developing new applications, and steps for creating user-centered mobile health applications that provide meaningful value for cancer survivors. However, few mobile health apps implemented empowerment elements, underwent rigorous design approaches, or included assessment of use in the cancer survivor population.Conclusions
There is tremendous potential for mobile health apps to benefit cancer survivors. However, there are specific issues for consideration in developing new applications and steps for creating user-centered applications which are not routinely used. This diminishes the value for the cancer survivor population but could be easily addressed through standardized development and testing procedures.Implications for cancer survivors
Smartphone applications have the potential to improve the cancer survivorship experience, but users should look for evidence that the application was appropriately developed and tested.18.
Anna N. A. Tosteson Qian Yang Heidi D. Nelson Gary Longton Samir S. Soneji Margaret Pepe Berta Geller Patricia A. Carney Tracy Onega Kimberly H. Allison Joann G. Elmore Donald L. Weaver 《Breast cancer research and treatment》2018,167(1):195-203
Purpose
To estimate the potential near-term population impact of alternative second opinion breast biopsy pathology interpretation strategies.Methods
Decision analysis examining 12-month outcomes of breast biopsy for nine breast pathology interpretation strategies in the U.S. health system. Diagnoses of 115 practicing pathologists in the Breast Pathology Study were compared to reference-standard-consensus diagnoses with and without second opinions. Interpretation strategies were defined by whether a second opinion was sought universally or selectively (e.g., 2nd opinion if invasive). Main outcomes were the expected proportion of concordant breast biopsy diagnoses, the proportion involving over- or under-interpretation, and cost of care in U.S. dollars within one-year of biopsy.Results
Without a second opinion, 92.2% of biopsies received a concordant diagnosis. Concordance rates increased under all second opinion strategies, and the rate was highest (95.1%) and under-treatment lowest (2.6%) when all biopsies had second opinions. However, over-treatment was lowest when second opinions were sought selectively for initial diagnoses of invasive cancer, DCIS, or atypia (1.8 vs. 4.7% with no 2nd opinions). This strategy also had the lowest projected 12-month care costs ($5.907 billion vs. $6.049 billion with no 2nd opinions).Conclusions
Second opinion strategies could lower overall care costs while reducing both over- and under-treatment. The most accurate cost-saving strategy required second opinions for initial diagnoses of invasive cancer, DCIS, or atypia.19.
Michelle Ferris Douglas F Easton Rebecca J Doherty Brian HJ Briggs Michelle Newman Ifthikhar M Saraf Sarah Scambler Lyndon Wagman Michael T Wyndham Ann Ward Rosalind A Eeles 《Hereditary cancer in clinical practice》2007,5(3):157-160
Objectives
To conduct a pilot population-based study within a general practice catchment area to determine whether the incidence of breast cancer was increased in the Ashkenazi population.Design
Population-based cohort study.Setting
A single general practice catchment area in North London.Participants
1947 women over the age of 16 who responded to a questionnaire about ethnicity and breast cancer.Main outcome measures
Incidence of breast cancer, ethnicity.Results
This study showed a 1.5-fold (95% CI 0.93–2.39) increase in breast cancer risk in the Ashkenazim compared with the non-Ashkenazi white population. The increased incidence was for both premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancer (expected incidence pre:post is 1:4 whereas in the Ashkenazim it was 1:1; 51 and 52% of cases respectively). This increase was not shown in the Sephardim. Asians had a reduction in incidence (OR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.10–1.89). Results were adjusted for other risk factors for breast cancer.Conclusion
This study showed a 1.5-fold increase in breast cancer rates in Ashkenazim compared with the non-Jewish white population when adjusted for age (i.e. corrections were made to allow comparison of age groups) and this is not observed in the Sephardic population. The proportion of premenopausal breast cancer was just over double that of the general population. This is the first general practice population-based study in the UK to address this issue and has implications for general practitioners who care for patients from the Ashkenazi community.20.