Analgesia before a spinal block for femoral neck fracture: fascia iliaca compartment block

Background: In this prospective randomized study, the authors compared the analgesic effect of a fascia iliaca compartment (FIC) block with that of intravenous (i.v.) alfentanil when administered to facilitate positioning for spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing surgery for a femoral neck fracture.
Methods: The 40 patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups, namely, the FIC group (fascia iliaca compartment block, n =20) and the IVA group (intravenous analgesia with alfentanil, n =20). Group IVA patients received a bolus dose of i.v. alfentanil 10 μg/kg, followed by a continuous infusion of alfentanil 0.25 μg/kg/min starting 2 min before the spinal block, and group FIC patients received a FIC block with 30 ml of ropivacaine 3.75 mg/ml (112.5 mg) 20 min before the spinal block. Visual analogue pain scale (VAS) scores, time to achieve spinal anaesthesia, quality of patient positioning, and patient acceptance were compared.
Results: VAS scores during positioning (mean and range) were lower in the FIC group than in the IVA group [2.0 (1–4) vs. 3.5 (2–6), P =0.001], and the mean (± SD) time to achieve spinal anaesthesia was shorter in the FIC group (6.9 ± 2.7 min vs. 10.8 ± 5.6 min; P =0.009). Patient acceptance (yes/no) was also better in the FIC group (19/1) than in the IVA group (12/8)( P =0.008).
Conclusions: An FIC block is more efficacious than i.v. alfentanil in terms of facilitating the lateral position for spinal anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fractures.     

Pre-operative analgesia for patients with femoral neck fractures using a modified fascia iliaca block technique

Adequate pre-operative analgesia for elderly patients with femoral neck fractures is difficult to assess and is often an overseen aspect of their care. We aimed to assess the efficacy of fascia iliaca blocks inserted via plexus blockade catheters in the pre-operative period. Our simple technique allowed the block to be administered safely without the need for a nerve stimulator. We assessed the effectiveness of the block with a novel objective sitting score and by assessing the degree of passive hip flexion that could be achieved comfortably. Visual analogue scores were also used. We studied 30 consecutive patients, regardless of their mental state. One hour following the block, there was a significant improvement in the sitting scores as well as the passive hip flexion (mean increase 44 degrees ). Visual analogue scores also score improved significantly from 7.2 to 4.6 (S.D. 2.4) in the 18 patients without cognitive impairment. We conclude that fascia iliaca blocks can provide significant benefit in the pre-operative period and allow patients to sit up more comfortably while they await surgery.     

0.3%罗哌卡因用于老年患者超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞的半数有效容量

目的采用序贯法测定0.3%罗哌卡因用于老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折行超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞(fascia iliaca compartment block,FICB)的半数有效容量(median effective volume,EV50)。方法选择2016年1~12月本院行股骨粗隆间骨折手术患者39例,男18例,女21例,年龄65~98岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,在超声引导下行FICB。从预试验中出现阳性反应的其中一个较大剂量开始进行试验,第一例患者阻滞后30min内疼痛完全缓解视为阻滞成功,下一例患者则给予低一级剂量;相反,如果阻滞后30min内疼痛部分缓解或无缓解则为阻滞失败,下一例患者则给予高一级剂量,以此类推,直至出现7个拐点时试验完成,相邻容量比为1.13。采用概率回归法计算罗哌卡因EV50及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果 39例患者中20例(51.3%)阻滞成功。0.3%罗哌卡因EV50为25.37ml(95%CI 22.06~29.19 ml)。结论超声引导下FICB用于老年患者股骨粗隆间骨折手术时0.3%罗哌卡因的半数有效容量为25.37ml。     

Nerve‐stimulator‐guided pudendal nerve block by pararectal approach

Aim Various techniques have been described for performing a pudendal nerve block (PNB) and have associated problems such as multiple needle injections, the need for special equipment and consumption of time. This study aimed to describe a nerve‐stimulator‐guided PNB using a pararectal approach and to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of that procedure. Method We conducted a prospective study of 53 patients who underwent a PNB from December 2009 to July 2010. With the index finger of the left hand inserted into anus, we guided the nerve stimulator needle along the second finger tip on the ischial spine to the site where the maximal contraction of the external anal sphincter could be felt. Once the position of the needle tip had been confirmed, the desired drug was injected. Of the 53 patients, a cohort of eight underwent manometry before and after the pudendal block. Results A total of 53 patients underwent the nerve‐stimulator‐guided procedure: 13 patients for pudendal neuralgia and the other 40 patients for anorectal disease. The mean maximal resting and squeezing pressures before the block were 55 and 161 mmHg, respectively, compared with 35 and 67 mmHg after the block. The PNB took just minutes to perform, was well tolerated by the patients, and resulted in neither severe complications nor repeated attempts. Conclusion Nerve‐stimulator‐guided PNB using a pararectal approach proved to be easy and safe, with acceptable patient tolerance. In addition, it can be used for a variety of anorectal procedures where relaxation of anal tone is required.     

超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞在髋关节置换围术期镇痛效果的比较

目的 比较超声引导下髂腰肌平面阻滞与髂筋膜间隙阻滞在髋关节置换围术期镇痛效果。方法 选择择期行单侧髋关节置换术患者50例,男28例,女22例,年龄18～95岁,BMI 17～35 kg/m²,ASAⅠ—Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：髂腰肌平面阻滞组(Ⅰ组)和髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(S组),每组25例。Ⅰ组在髂股韧带和髂腰肌之间注射0.3%罗哌卡因10 ml, S组在腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜间隙注射0.3%罗哌卡因40 ml。术后采用舒芬太尼行患者自控静脉镇痛,VAS疼痛评分≥4分时,静脉注射氟比洛芬酯50 mg补救镇痛。记录神经阻滞操作时间、起效时间。记录术中丙泊酚、瑞芬太尼用量和舒芬太尼追加次数、术后2、6、8、12和24 h静息和活动(抬髋15°)时VAS疼痛评分、术后24 h镇痛泵有效按压次数和总按压次数、术后24 h舒芬太尼用量和补救镇痛情况。记录术后恶心呕吐、谵妄、感染、局麻药中毒和股四头肌无力发生情况。结果 与S组比较,Ⅰ组神经阻滞操作时间和起效时间明显缩短,术中舒芬太尼追加率、术后8 h活动时VAS疼痛评分、术后股四头肌无力发生率明显降低(P<0....     

Patient-controlled fascia iliaca compartment block versus fentanyl patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in patients undergoing femur fracture surgery

Background and objectives

Postoperative pain relief is crucial in elderly, however, the use of opioids is limited owing to their potential side effects. We studied the effects of patient-controlled ultrasound guided fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) with Levobupivacaine versus patient-controlled intravenous fentanyl on postoperative pain score in patients scheduled for fixation of femur fractures under general anesthesia.

Fascia iliaca compartment block: its efficacy in pain control for patients with proximal femoral fracture

Background

Proximal femoral fractures are common in elderly patients. Recently, use of regional blockade has gained popularity as a means of relieving pain among this patient population. Among the procedures, fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is believed to be advantageous because of its safety and efficacy.

Methods

In this study fifty-six consecutive patients who sustained a proximal femoral fracture were assigned to two groups. For 31 patients in group 1, FICB was used to control pre and postoperative pain. FICB was performed by an orthopaedic resident on arrival of the patient at the hospital and in the immediate postoperative period. Systemic administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone was adopted for pain control for 25 patients in group 2. The severity of pain was assessed by use of a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

Neither blockade-associated complications nor analgesic failure were encountered among patients who underwent FICB (group 1). In this group of patients, the mean preoperative VAS scores before FICB and at 10 min and 12 h after the blockade were 91, 31, and 36 respectively, indicating significant pain reduction. The corresponding values for group 2 patients were 92, 92, and 81. In addition, postoperative pain was also successfully managed by FICB with mean VAS scores at immediate, 6-h and 12-h time points of 15, 22, and 31 respectively, whereas the corresponding values for the group 2 patients were 62, 49, and 59. Consequently, significant differences in VAS scores were demonstrated between the groups in both the pre and postoperative periods.

Conclusion

FICB is clinically safe and efficient, providing consistent analgesic effects irrespective of the performing doctor’s experience of elderly patients with proximal femoral fracture.     

Combination of high-dose dexmedetomidine sedation and fascia iliaca compartment block for hip fracture surgery

Two patients with hip fracture and with severe cardiac disease, who were anesthetized using a combination of dexmedetomidine sedation and fascia iliaca compartment block, are reported. The block covered almost the entire skin incision area and the major area of the fractured bone. The hemodynamic status and respiratory condition of both patients were stable throughout the surgery.     

Systematic review of the effects of fascia iliaca compartment block on hip fracture patients before operation

Background

Fascia iliaca compartment block is used for hip fractures in order to reduce pain, the need for systemic analgesia, and prevent delirium, on this basis. This systematic review was conducted to investigate the analgesic and adverse effects of fascia iliaca block on hip fracture in adults when applied before operation.

The impact of fascia iliaca compartment block on chronic postsurgical pain in patients undergoing hip fracture repair

Study objectiveChronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), i.e. pain persisting >3 months, may appear after any type of surgery. There is a paucity of literature addressing CPSP development after hip fracture repair and the impact of any analgesic intervention on the development of CPSP in patients after hip fracture surgery. This study is the first aiming to examine the impact of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block (USG FICB) on the development of CPSP after hip fracture repair.DesignProspective randomized study.SettingOperating room.Patients182 patients scheduled for hip fracture surgery.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive a USG FICB (FICB group) or a sham saline injection (sham FICB group), twenty minutes before positioning for spinal anesthesia.MeasurementsThe hip – related characteristic pain intensity (CPI) at 3- months post-surgery was the primary outcome measure. Presence and severity of hip-related pain at 3- and 6-months post-surgery, numeric rating pain scale (NRS) scores at 6, 24, 36, 48 postoperative hours, total 24-hour tramadol PCA administration and timing of the first tramadol dose, were documented as well.Main resultsFICB group presented with lower CPI scores 3- months postoperatively (p < 0.01), as well as lower percentage of patients with high-grade CPSP, 3 and 6 months postoperatively (p < 0.001). FICB group also showed significantly lower NRS scores in all instances, lower total 24 – hour tramadol consumption and higher mean time to first tramadol dose (p < 0.05). The overall sample of 182 patients reported a considerably high incidence of hip –related CPSP (60% at 3 months, 45% at 6 months).ConclusionsUSG FICB in the perioperative setting may reduce the incidence, intensity and severity of CPSP at 3 and 6 months after hip fracture surgery, providing safe and effective postoperative analgesia.     

超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞用于老年髋部骨折患者围术期镇痛的研究

目的:研究超声引导下髂筋膜间隙阻滞对老年髋部骨折患者围手术期疼痛控制及术后并发症的影响。方法:选择2021年1月至2021年9月收治的老年髋部骨折手术患者127例,按照镇痛方法不同分为连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(F组)和静脉镇痛对照组(C组)。其中F组62例,男19例,女43例;年龄66~95(82.4±7.2)岁;股骨颈骨折25例,股骨转子间骨折37例。C组65例,男18例,女47例;年龄65~94(81.4±8.7)岁;股骨颈骨折29例,股骨转子间骨折36例。观察两组患者围术期不同时间点的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、简易精神状态评价量表(minimental state examination,MMSE)评分、警觉-镇静评分(observer''s assessment of alertness/sedation,OAA/S)、改良Bromage评分、术后并发症及患者住院期间情况。结果:F组实施阻滞后30 min、麻醉摆放体位时,术后6、24、48 h的静息及运动VAS低于C组(P<0.05)。F组术前12 h,术后1、3 d的MMSE评分及术后3 d的OAA/S评分高于C组(P<0.05)。F组不良反应发生率、需要额外镇痛人数低于C组(P<0.05)。F组围术期镇痛满意度及住院时间均优于C组(P<0.05)。两组患者在各时间点患肢Bromage评分及术后30 d死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:超声引导下连续髂筋膜间隙阻滞可为老年髋部骨折患者提供安全、有效的围术期镇痛效果,改善术后认知功能,减少术后并发症,从而缩短住院时间,提高住院期间生活质量。     

右美托咪定滴鼻联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年髋部骨折患者围术期的应用效果

目的 探讨右美托咪定滴鼻联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞在老年髋部骨折患者围术期的应用效果。方法 选择择期行腰-硬联合麻醉下髋部骨折手术的老年患者59例,男14例,女45例,年龄≥65岁,BMI 14.1～30.3 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组：右美托咪定滴鼻联合髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(D组,n=29)和髂筋膜间隙阻滞组(F组,n=30)。术前1 d晚间D组给予右美托咪定滴鼻后在超声引导下行患侧髂筋膜间隙阻滞,F组仅在超声引导下行患侧髂筋膜间隙阻滞。记录右美托咪定滴鼻前(T₁)、髂筋膜间隙阻滞后1 h(T₂)、过转运床即刻(T₃)、过手术床即刻(T₄)、摆体位时(T₅)的HR、MAP、SpO₂和疼痛数字评价量表(NRS)评分。记录术前1 d、手术当日及术后1、2 d的汉密尔顿焦虑(HAM-A)评分和里兹睡眠问卷(LSEQ)评分。记录术后7 d内谵妄发生情况及术后住院时间。记录低血压、心动过缓以及术后48 h内恶心呕吐、头晕、...     

右美托咪定滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对股骨近端骨折老年患者术前镇静效果的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞(suprainguinal fascia iliaca block,SIFIB)对股骨近端骨折老年患者术前镇静效果的影响。方法 收集60例行股骨近端骨折手术的老年患者,按随机数字表法分为1ug/kg右美托咪定滴鼻组(D1组)、2ug/kg右美托咪定滴鼻组(D2组)及对照组(C组)。患者入室后分别经鼻滴注右美托咪定1、2ug/kg,对照组给予等量生理盐水滴鼻,容量均为2ml。三组患者均于滴鼻后,行超声引导下腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞(0．375%罗哌卡因30 mL),神经阻滞起效后开始摆体位穿刺。记录滴鼻前(Ｔ0)、神经阻滞时(Ｔ1)、神经阻滞后10min(Ｔ2)、体位摆放成功即刻(Ｔ3)四个时间点的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)及脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、VAS评分、Ramsay 镇静评分和焦虑评分。结果三组患者麻醉前的HR变化、镇静程度及焦虑程度有显著性差异( P <0.001)。T2时,D1组、D2组HR慢与C组, D2组Ramsay 镇静评分高于D1组和C组,焦虑评分低于D1组和C组。T3时,D1组、D2组HR慢与C组,D2组焦虑评分低于D1组和C组。结论 股骨近端骨折手术患者麻醉前给予右美托咪定2.0μg/kg 滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞可获得良好的镇静效果,减少患者的焦虑。     

右美托咪定滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞对股骨近端骨折病人术前镇静效果的影响

目的 探讨右美托咪定滴鼻联合腹股沟韧带上髂筋膜阻滞（suprainguinal fascia iliaca block, SIFIB）对股骨近端骨折病人术前镇静效果的影响。方法 收集60例拟行股骨近端骨折手术的病人,按随机数字表法分为三组：0.5 μg/kg右美托咪定滴鼻组（D1组）、1 μg/kg右美托咪定滴鼻组（D2组）以及给予生理盐水滴鼻的对照组。三组病人入室后分别滴注对应的滴鼻剂,而后行超声引导下SIFIB（0.375%罗哌卡因30 ml）,神经阻滞20 min后开始摆体位穿刺。记录滴鼻前（T₀）、神经阻滞时（T₁）、神经阻滞后10 min（T₂）、体位摆放成功即刻（T₃）的平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SpO₂）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分、Ramsay镇静评分和焦虑评分。结果 T₂时,D1组、D2组的心率明显较对照组慢,D2组的Ramsay镇静评分明显高于D1组和对照组,焦虑评分明显低于D1组和对照组;T₃时,D1组、D2组的心率明显较对照组慢,D2组的焦虑评分明显低于D1组和对照组。结论 股骨近端骨折手术病人麻醉前给予右美托咪定1 μg/kg滴鼻联合SIFIB可获得良好的术前镇静效果,减少病人的焦虑。