严重颈部闭合性损伤致喉气管断裂的救治体会(附8例报告)

从1976年12月到1996年9月,我们救治了8例严重闭合性损伤致喉气管断裂的患者,男6例,女2例,年龄13～36岁,平均24岁。结果2例死亡,1例死于出血窒息,另1例尚未来得及手术而死亡;1例因救治不当发生喉气管狭窄而需进一步整复,其余5例恢复了喉的功能。强调在修复术中应最大限度地保留破碎的软骨膜、软骨和粘膜。本文重点讨论严重颈部闭合性损伤致喉气管断裂的发病机理、临床特点及急救原则。     

慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉临床分型分期与疾病分类的标准化

中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科学分会和中华耳鼻咽喉科杂志编辑委员会于1997年在海口制订了“慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉临床分型分期及内窥镜鼻窦手术疗效评定标准”（简称海口标准）。通过近10年来的临床实践，“海口标准”对规范慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的临床分型，鼻内镜手术疗效的评价，以及在学术交流和临床科研等方面产生了巨大的影响。然而随着医疗卫生信息化的发展，“海口标准”的部分内容已不能完全适应临床工作和医疗卫生信息化的需求。     

Factors affecting local and regional control and survival of carcinomas of the tongue and floor of mouth

A retrospective study of 142 patients that had previous surgery for carcinoma of the tongue or floor of mouth looking into the factors that affect significantly the evolution of our patients and in which circumstances we could benefit from new therapeutic techniques. Cause specific survival at 3 and 5 years was 63.4% and 56.9% respectively. Recurrences were found locally in 32 patients (22.5%), regional in 32 (22.5%) and metastasis in 11 (7.4%). T staging had no did impact on local recurrence, but the presence of positive margins (p = 0.0323). Regional control for N0/N1 was 85% (90/106) versus 55.5% (20/36) for N2/N3 (p = 0.001). Regional control by N staging was 84.5% (73/86) for N0, 85% (17/20) for N1, 57% (30/35) for N2 and 0% for N3 (0/1). Both, N staging and number of positive nodes had a significant impact in specific survival. Positive margins and the presence of positive nodes have the greatest impact on survival and regional control. Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy did not increase survival, but not prospective random selection was performed. To evaluate this.     

Validity and reliability of judgments of authentic and simulated stuttering

This exploratory study was undertaken to determine if the concept has merit that the information by which a stutterer identifies stuttering at time of occurrence is qualitatively different from that by which listeners identify stuttering. If it is not the same, then perceptually equivalent stuttered and nonstuttered speech disruptions should be experienced by the stutterer as qualitatively different, even though recordings of these disruptions would sound alike to listeners. To test this hypothesis a criterion was developed to validate a stutterer's ability to accurately identify her stuttering at time of occurrence. She simulated her own stuttering and then judged acoustical recordings of authentic and simulated samples at five intervals following occurrence. Listener judgments were also obtained. Listeners were able to distinguish simulated and authentic samples with 57% accuracy. The stutterer's judgments were never inaccurate at time of occurrence of a speech disruption, but her accuracy decreased rapidly following occurrence, plateauing at 54%. These results supported the concepts that the production of stuttered and nonstuttered speech disruptions are experienced as being qualitatively different, that the difference is involuntary blockage, that only stutterers can validly recognize this difference, and only when it occurs, and that stuttering is a speaker/production rather than a listener/perceptual disorder.     

闭合性喉气管损伤诊断与治疗探讨

目的探讨进一步提高闭合性喉气管损伤诊断与治疗水平的措施。方法分析32例闭合性喉气管损伤患者的临床资料,对相关问题进行讨论。结果32例闭合性喉气管损伤病例,2例死亡,1例因救治不当发生喉气管狭窄而需进一步整复,其余29例恢复了喉的功能。结论对喉气管外伤准确分度,在修复术中最大限度地保留破碎的软骨膜、软骨和粘膜是提高近期疗效、预防后期喉狭窄的关键。     

Evaluation and treatment of complications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery

The major complications of thyroid and parathyroid surgery include hemorrhage, respiratory obstruction, hyperthyroid storm, hypoparathyroidism, and laryngeal nerve injury. In this article, the incidence, diagnosis, and treatment of various complications are reviewed, with emphasis on hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord paralysis, either bilateral or unilateral. Thyroplastic phonosurgery and carbon dioxide laser arytenoidectomy, two recent surgical additions to the rehabilitation of vocal cord paralysis, are described in depth.     

Clinical and morphological aspects of diagnostics and treatment of exudative frontitis

The present work is based on the examination of 37 sagittal sawcut sections through the heads of human corpses of either gender. Evacuation paths for the contents of frontal sinuses were studied experimentally in different types of fronto-nasal communication. Two variants of infundibular fronto-nasal communication are described, lateral and medial, formed by the bony septum between uncinate process and bulla ethmoidalis uncinata. It was shown that the direction of evacuation of the contents of a frontal sinusis and the possibility of their rhinoscopic identification are directly dependent on the type of the naso-frontal communication. Cannulas have been developed that optimally match the shape of the naso-frontal communication. An approach is proposed to the choice of the most adequate instrument for endonasal probing frontal sinuses.     

泪管-耳-齿-指综合征表型与基因特征分析及文献复习

泪管-耳-齿-指综合征(LADD)是一种累及多系统的遗传性疾病,主要表现有泪道系统发育不全、耳解剖结构和听力异常、唾液系统发育不全、牙齿异常和手指、脚趾发育畸形.目前可确定成纤维细胞生长因子受体2(FGFR2)、3(FGFR3)及成纤维细胞生长因子10(FGF10)是该病的致病基因.该疾病发病率低,症状与其他疾病有重叠...     

鼻咽癌病因研究及早期诊断与治疗

鼻咽癌在中国南方是常见的恶性肿瘤,广西是鼻咽癌高发区,遗传学及EB病毒相关的研究进展为鼻咽癌早期诊断及治疗提供了更多的选择。为了明确在高发区的发病情况,本单位自1978年开始在广西省梧州市苍梧县运用EB病毒血清学技术进行鼻咽癌普查,并对血清学阳性者进行长达20年的追踪观察,使鼻咽癌早期诊断率及远期生存率均有明显提高。目前EB病毒壳抗体IgA/VCA、早期抗原抗体IgA/EA在中国已经广泛应用于鼻咽癌筛查,但目前仍存在较多问题,需要更多更好的筛查技术予以解决。早诊早治在广西是鼻咽癌防治的主要策略,鼻咽癌普查是应该坚持进行。     

Methods of identification and localization of ethmoid and sphenoid osteomeningeal breaches

The accurate localization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula presenting as rhinorrhea is an essential requirement for successful dural repair, in order to eliminate unsuccessful surgical exploration, and to achieve a definitive closure of the osteo-dural defect. The authors report their experience in 22 patients, and propose a simplified attitude: realization of high resolution CT scan in all cases, in first choice, and a MRI with MR cysternography sequences, in second choice, in case of negative CT scan.     

头颈部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的诊治

目的 探讨头颈部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法 总结1980年1月～2002年12月在我院手术治疗的6例头颈部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤，分析其临床特点、诊断和治疗过程。结果 6例病人的共同临床表现均为局部肿块合并或不合并肿块引起的功能障碍。病理表现为轮辐状排列的纤维母细胞，混杂有其他多种细胞成分，细胞有明显的异型性。6例病人均接受了局部扩大的手术切除，术后3例病人复发，其中2例死于颅内转移。1例有可疑胸壁转移，行局部放疗和手术切除。1例无瘤存活。1例术后失访。结论 头颈部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤在临床上少见，易于与其他肿瘤混淆；其临床特点是容易复发，容易转移；预后差。因此，对病情反复的可疑头颈部肿瘤病人应警惕恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的可能。对确诊为头颈部恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的病人应行扩大的手术切除和放疗，术后严密随访。     

Comparison of virtual and conventional endoscopy of nose and paranasal sinuses

We compared computed tomographic virtual rhinosinus endoscopy (VRS) and conventional fiberoptic endoscopy (FE) for the detection of inflammatory-obstructive rhinosinusal disease. We recruited 158 patients; 100 (group A) had inflammatory-obstructive rhinosinus disease, and 58 (group B) had a history of rhinosinus surgery. All patients underwent VRS within 2 to 6 hours of FE, and VRS was able to demonstrate the anatomic details of the nasal fossa and rhinopharynx with a high correspondence to FE. A satisfying representation of anatomic detail was found in both groups A and B. The VRS was able to visualize invasiveness of the endosinusal cavities, which was not accessible to FE. The VRS is a fast, relatively easy, and noninvasive technique that could be integrated into FE or used as an alternative when FE is unfeasible. Because of the ability to explore the sinus cavity, we suggest that virtual rhinosinusoscopy should be considered as the appropriate term, instead of virtual rhinoscopy.