Proximal femoral nails compared with reverse distal femoral locking plates in intertrochanteric fractures with a compromised lateral wall; a randomised controlled trial

Purpose

There is no consensus about the best option of internal fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The aim of the present study was to compare proximal femoral nail (PFN) with contralateral reverse distal femoral locking compression plate (reverse-DFLCP) in the management of unstable intertrochanteric fractures with compromised lateral wall.

Method

In a randomized controlled study, from November 2011 to October 2012, 40 patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures with compromised lateral wall (AO 31A 2.2 to 3.3) had osteosynthesis by PFN (n = 20) or reverse-DFLCP (n = 20). Intra-operative variables compared were duration of surgery, blood loss during surgery, fluoroscopy time and surgeons perception of the surgery. Patients were followed up clinically for a minimum of one year. Functional outcome was assessed by Parker Palmer mobility score (PPMS), Harris hip score (HHS), and Short Form-12. Failure was defined as any condition which would necessitate revision surgery with change of implant.

Results

Duration of surgery (p = 0.022), blood loss during surgery (p = 0.008) and fluoroscopy time (p = 0.0001) were significantly less in the PFN group than in the reverse-DFLCP group. No significant difference was found in type of reduction, difficulty in reduction and surgeon’s perception of surgery. The PFN group had better functional outcome than the reverse-DFLCP group. HHS for the PFN group was 81.53 ± 13.21 and for the reverse-DFLCP group it was 68.43 ± 14.36 (p = 0.018). SF-12 physical (p = 0.002) and mental component (p = 0.007) scores in the PFN group was significantly better than in the reverse-DFLCP group. There was one failure in the PFN group as compared to six in the reverse-DFLCP group (p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Due to favourable intra-operative variables, better functional outcome and lower failure rates, we conclude that PFN is a better implant than reverse-DFLCP for intertrochanteric fractures with compromised lateral wall.Keyword: Unstable intertrochanteric fractures, Lateral wall, Proximal femoral nail, Reverse distal femoral locking compression plate     

股骨外侧壁在股骨粗隆间骨折的髓内与髓外固定中的生物力学研究

目的：观察股骨外侧壁的完整性对髓内与髓外固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的生物力学影响,指导临床选择内固定方式。方法：采用成人尸体同侧股骨标本12具,均造成股骨粗隆间骨折AO 分型A1型骨折,随机分为外侧壁完整PFNA组、外侧壁完整PF-LCP组、外侧壁破损PFNA组、外侧壁破损PF-LCP组,每组3具,4组股骨标本采用万能材料测试机进行压缩载荷实验,观察股骨标本的最大载荷力,并用游标卡尺测量骨折断端的压缩前后的间隔位移及骨折远、近端沿粗隆间的滑动位移进行相互比较。结果：外侧壁完整PFNA组的最大载荷力大于外侧壁完整PF-LCP组,并且外侧壁破损PFNA组的最大载荷力也大于外侧壁破损PF-LCP组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;压缩前4组股骨标本的骨折端间隔距离相互比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,压缩后外侧壁完整PFNA组的骨折端间隔距离、压缩前后的骨折端位移及骨折远、近端的滑动位移与外侧壁完整PF-LCP组相互比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但外侧壁破损PFNA组的骨折端间隔距离、压缩前后的骨折端位移及骨折远、近端的滑动位移均小于外侧壁破损PF-LCP组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）.结论：髓内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有更强的载荷力,股骨外侧壁完整时髓内与髓外固定均有较强的稳固性,但股骨外侧壁破损时髓内固定具有更强的稳固性,可见髓内固定是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的首选方式。     

Equivalent results of medial and lateral parapatellar approach for total knee arthroplasty in mild valgus deformities

Purpose

When performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in valgus knee deformities, a medial or lateral parapatellar approach can be performed, but the lateral approach is often considered technically more difficult. The purpose of this study was to compare intra-operative, early clinical and radiological outcomes of medial and lateral parapatellar approaches for TKA in the setting of moderate knee valgus (<10°).

Methods

We prospectively analysed 424 knees with pre-operative valgus deformity between 3° and 10° that underwent TKA over an 18-year period; 109 were treated with a medial approach and 315 with a lateral approach. Intra- and post-operative outcomes and complication rates after a minimum follow-up of one year were compared.

Results

Tourniquet (p?=?0.25) and surgical (p?=?0.62) time were similar between groups. The popliteus tendon was released more frequently in the medial-approach group (p?=?0.04), while the iliotibial band was released more frequently in the lateral-approach group (p?<?0.001). A tibial tuberosity osteotomy was performed more frequently in the lateral- than medial-approach group (p?=?0.003). No significant differences in limb alignment (p?=?0.78), or Knee Society Score (KSS) knee (p?=?0.32) and function (p?=?0.47) results were noted based on surgical approach, and complication rates were similar between groups (p?=?0.53).

Conclusions

Lateral parapatellar approach is a safe and effective surgical technique for performing TKA in moderately valgus knees. These equivalent early results are encouraging for systematic use of the lateral approach in moderately valgus knees.

     

Developmental changes in the left ventricular diastolic wall strain on M-mode echocardiography

Background

The diastolic wall strain (DWS) of the left ventricle has been proposed as an indicator of left ventricular (LV) wall stiffness. The DWS is calculated as follows using M-mode echocardiography:

$${\text{DWS}} = \left[ {\left( {\text{LV posterior wall thickness at end-systole}} \right) - \left( {\text{LV posterior wall thickness at end-diastole}} \right)} \right]/\left( {\text{LV posterior wall thickness at end-systole}} \right)$$

Although this index is simple and clinically useful, normal values for children, including neonates, have not been reported.

Methods

The DWS was measured in 235 healthy people, ranging from neonates to adults. They were classified into 8 subgroups according to their age. The DWS was compared with conventional echocardiographic parameters for left ventricle function, including shortening fraction of the left ventricle, the Tei index, E/A of mitral flow, mitral annular tissue Doppler velocity during systole (s′) and during early diastole (e′), and the E/e′ ratio.

Results

The DWS in the just after birth group was 0.28 ± 0.11, which was significantly lower than that of the remaining groups (p < 0.05), except for the neonate group at 5–10 days after birth. The DWS was highest in the 1–9 years of age group, and then gradually decreased with age. Stepwise regression of various echocardiographic parameters showed that e′ was the most relevant parameter for the DWS (β = 0.64).

Conclusions

Normal values for the DWS of the left ventricle change with age. The data reported in this study can be used as normal values for the DWS of the left ventricle determined by M-mode echocardiography.

     

Benefits of laparoscopic posterior wall suture repair in treating adolescent indirect inguinal hernias

Purpose

Adolescent inguinal hernias are treated using high ligation or posterior wall suture repair with laparoscopic mesh implantation. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic intracorporeal posterior wall suture repair without mesh implantation for treating adolescent indirect inguinal hernias.

Methods

Laparoscopic herniorrhaphy was performed between September 2012 and April 2015 in 244 patients aged 11–18 years who were diagnosed with indirect inguinal hernias at Damsoyu Hospital, Seoul, Korea. The patients were stratified by surgical procedure into the high-ligation (115 patients) and wall suture (129 patients) groups.

Results

Four (3.5%) of the 115 patients in the high-ligation group experienced recurrence, but those in the wall suture group did not. The difference in recurrence rates between these groups was significant (p < 0.001). The wall suture procedures were longer (mean 28.2 min) than the high-ligation procedures (mean 17.4 min) (p < 0.001). The lengths of postoperative hospital stays were similar in both groups. Few complications were observed: one patient developed hematoma and one developed seroma in the high-ligation group; two patients developed inguinal hematomas and one developed seroma in the wall suture group. Visual analog scale scores at 1 week after surgery and the mean times to return to normal activities were similar in both groups. No chronic inguinodynia after the operation in either group was observed.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic intracorporeal posterior wall suture repair without mesh implantation was effective for treating adolescent indirect inguinal hernias and resulted in fewer recurrences than those with high ligation.

     

Komplikationen nach intramedullärer Stabilisierung von Klavikulafrakturen

Background

Operative treatment of clavicle fractures by intramedullary nailing with titanium elastic nailing (TEN) has been established as an alternative to plate osteosynthesis for many years. The main complication after TEN osteosynthesis is nail migration. The goal of this study was evaluation of predictors for medial nail migration and comparison with plate osteosynthesis.

Material and methods

A retrospective analysis of electronic patient charts, surgical protocols and radiographs of all operatively treated clavicle shaft fractures between 2010–2014 (n = 141) was performed. When evaluating the patient charts and the surgical protocols special attention was paid to the fracture type, the duration of the operation, the need for an open reduction and the onset of complications as well as the duration until implant removal. Radiographs were analyzed concerning the implant location and an implant migration.

Results

Surgery time (39 vs. 83?min) as well as the time to implant removal (226 vs. 495 days) were significantly reduced (p = 0.00), while complication (39% vs. 21.4%) as well as reoperation rates (15% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.033) were increased in TEN compared to plate osteosynthesis. The main complication was medial nail migration. The following predictors regarding medial migration could be identified: open or closed reduction (p = 0.021), multifragmentary fractures (p = 0.049), oblique fractures (p = 0.08) and TEN thickness (33% at 2?mm, 0% at 3?mm).

Discussion

Advantages of TEN are a shorter surgery time as well as a shorter duration until implant removal. The TEN osteosynthesis led to a significantly increased complication rate, with nail migration representing the major reason. When predictors for medial TEN migration are considered, type B and C fractures can also be sufficiently treated by a large diameter TEN.

     

Comparative study of high tibial osteotomy using dynamic axial fixator and locked low-profile plate in medial osteoarthritis of knee

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) in medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis (MCOA) of knee and to compare between the two methods of osteotomy using either dynamic axial fixator (DAF) or locking compression plate (LCP).

Methods

A total of 20 patients with medial osteoarthritis of knee were enrolled in this prospective study who were divided into two groups of 10 each. First group comprising of two males and eight females were treated by HTO using DAF. Second group comprising of five males and five females were treated by HTO using LCP. We assessed various radiological parameters including hip knee ankle angle (HKA), tibiofemoral angle (TFA), weight-bearing line on tibia, Insall Salvati index and tibial slope. Functional outcome of knee at final follow-up was assessed by Oxford knee score (OKS) and visual analogue scale.

Results

In first group, mean HKA angle changed from 187° to 178.30° (p = 0.006), mean TFA from 182.40° to 172° (p = 0.003), average position of weight-bearing line from 11.24 to 59.54 % (p = 0.004), and mean OKS 43.3–16.9 (p = 0.004). In second group, mean HKA angle changed from 186° to 178.80° (p = 0.004), mean TFA from 180.90° to 173.60° (p = 0.004), average position of weight-bearing line from 14 to 61.3 % (p = 0.004), and mean OKS 43.2–16.5 (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

HTO is an established treatment for patients with symptomatic MCOA knee with significant improvement in the clinical and radiographic parameters. There is no significant difference between the two methods; however, external fixator has the complication of pin tract infections.

Level of evidence

II.

     

A comparative biomechanical study of proximal femoral nail (InterTAN) and proximal femoral nail antirotation for intertrochanteric fractures

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical strength of the cephalomedullary nail InterTAN in cases of intertrochanteric fractures with the commonly used PFNA.

Methods

Sixteen fresh specimens of the proximal femur were used as intertrochanteric fracture models and were fixed using two fixation devices: the new proximal femoral nail (InterTAN) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA). An intertrochanteric fracture was created in composite bone models. Each specimen was loaded to simulate single leg stance while stiffness, migration (cut out), compressive force across the fracture site, and distal fragment rotation were monitored. The different internal fixation methods were tested by an experimental press analysis.

Results

Results of tests for femoral strength, stiffness, stability, and bearing capacity demonstrated that the biomechanical function of InterTAN was better than that of PFNA (P < 0.05). Compared with the PFNA nail, InterTAN showed increased strength, stiffness, and resistance torque of 30 %, 15 %, and 27 %, respectively.

Conclusion

Comparison of the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with InterTAN and PFNA internal fixation showed that the InterTAN yielded improvement relative to the PFNA. InterTAN has a firmer and biomechanically superior performance and is therefore an ideal internal fixation method for treating intertrochanteric fractures. Additional research in osteopenic bone is necessary to comprehensively characterize the effects of the design enhancements of these two implants.     

Pertrochanteric osteotomy and distraction femoral neck lengthening for treatment of proximal hip ischemic deformities in children

Purpose

Proximal femoral ischemic deformities in the pediatric population is a challenging pathological situation. Many surgical techniques have been proposed to treat this problem, with variable reported results. We believe that a C-shaped pertrochanteric osteotomy plus neck lengthening utilizing distraction osteogenesis principles would restore the femoral anatomical ratios between neck, shaft, and the head, and redress the biomechanics of the proximal femur with resultant sufficient containment of the femoral head within the acetabulum.

Methods

We reviewed the results of 19 patients divided into two groups with proximal femoral ischemic deformities. Between 2002 and 2009, preoperative and postoperative clinical examination and radiographs were assessed measuring the neck–shaft angle (NSA), neck–epiphyseal angle (NEA), articulo-trochanteric distance (ATD), lateralization of the greater trochanter (LT), the angle of Wiberg (CEA), index of lateral head displacement by Reimers (IM), and lateral angle of displacement (LDA).

Results

All patients were followed prospectively. Clinical outcome was assessed using Colton’s criteria, which showed average good improvement in function (58.9 %). Radiological indicators were assessed using Kruczynski’s criteria. For group I, the postoperative NSA, NEA, and CEA showed significant change (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). For group II, the postoperative NSA, NEA, and CEA showed significant change (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion

The midterm functional results are favorable for the implementation of pertrochanteric osteotomy and distraction osteogenesis to treat proximal femoral ischemic deformities in the pediatric population.

     

Percutaneous compression plate versus proximal femoral nail anti-rotation in treating elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures: a prospective randomized study

Background

The treatment and management of hip fracture poses a great challenge for clinicians in osteology and surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical effectiveness of the percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) versus proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.

Methods

A prospective randomized study was carried out from January 2008 to October 2011 involving 90 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures (90 hips) who underwent minimally invasive surgery using the PCCP or PFNA. Evaluation variables, including operation time, intra- and perioperative blood loss, duration of hospital stay, incidence of postoperative complications, and final clinical outcomes by the end of follow-up, were used to compare the benefits of these two implants.

Results

Among 90 subjects, 45 received PCCPs and 45 received PFNAs. The baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. The median follow-up time was 16.9 months (12–24 months). In the PCCP group, the mean operative time was 53 min (40–75 min), and the mean intra- and perioperative blood losses were 100.7 ml (60–150 ml) and 916 ml (433–1339 ml), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the PFNA group. Nevertheless, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of postoperative complications and final clinical outcomes including pain complaints, range of motion of the hip, postoperative hip function at 12 months, and the recovery of walking ability to pre-injury status between these two implants.

Conclusions

Overall, the PCCP and PFNA appear to have similar clinical effects in treating elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures, although the PCCP provided shorter operation times and less blood loss than PFNA. Both implants discussed were demonstrated to be ideal for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.     

Safety and efficacy of a two-screw cephalomedullary nail for intertrochanteric femur fracture fixation: a retrospective case series in 264 patients

Introduction

Recent advances have led to the design of a new cephalomedullary nail, which aims to decrease the risk of failures in patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures by allowing for insertion of two interdigitating screws into the head segment. The goal of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this two-screw cephalomedullary nailing system.

Patients/participants

Patients 18 years of age and older who underwent intramedullary nailing of their intertrochanteric femoral fracture using the InterTAN nailing system (Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN) from 2012 to 2016 were included in this retrospective study which was performed at two urban certified level-1 trauma centers and one urban certified level-3 trauma center. The study data was collected through a retrospective chart review and review of the existing radiographic studies. Primary outcome measure was mechanical hardware failure and screw cutout. Secondary outcome measures included nonunion, malunion, medical and surgical complications.

Results

A total of 264 patients were included in this analysis. Two patients (0.75%) were found to have a screw cut out requiring revision surgery. Two other revision surgeries were performed for malrotation (n?=?1) and malunion (n?=?1). Other implant-related complications occurred in 19 cases (7.9%), which included broken distal screws (n?=?9), distal screw loosening (n?=?8), and loose lag screws (n?=?2). There was a total of 10 (3.8%) surgical wound complications, including four deep and six superficial infections.

Discussion

This modified cephalomedullary nail is a reliable, safe, and effective implant for management of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Surgical treatment of patients with intertrochanteric hip fractures can be performed in a safe fashion using this implant.

     

Factors associated with hernia recurrence after laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia: a 2-year prospective cohort study

Background

Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair (TEP) of inguinal hernia has been associated with higher rates of recurrence compared to open methods. The aim of the present study was to determine independent risk factors for recurrence within 2 years after TEP.

Methods

This was a single-centre prospective cohort study with consecutive inclusion of patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair from 2010 to 2014. Systematic follow-up was conducted 6 months and 2 years postoperatively. Risk factors for recurrence after 2 years were analysed in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

A total of 1194 patients underwent TEP for inguinal or femoral hernia in the study period, of which 1047 were eligible for analyses. After 2 years, 56 (5.3%) patients had presented with recurrence. The following factors were associated with recurrence in univariate analyses: body mass index (BMI) >30 (HR 3.64; p = 0.011), medial vs. lateral hernia (HR 2.37; p = 0.004), repair of recurrent hernia vs. primary repair (HR 2.12; p = 0.049), and length of stay >1 day (HR 1.77; p = 0.043). In multivariate analyses, factors independently associated with recurrence after 2 years were BMI >30 (HR 3.74; p = 0.026) and medial vs. lateral hernia (HR 2.39; p = 0.004).

Conclusion

The recurrence rate after TEP is higher than reported after open hernia repair. Attempts to decrease the rate should be persuaded. Good surgical technique with precise dissection and correct placement of the mesh, especially in medial hernias and obese patients, may be key points to improve outcomes after TEP.

     

Incidence of and risk factors for femoral fractures in the gap between hip and knee implants

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyse the incidence of interprosthetic femoral fractures and describe risk factors for them.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2015, we selected patients who were carrying two implants (hip and knee) in the same femur. We collected demographic and clinical data and performed a radiological evaluation to analyse the gap between implants—the femoral canal area and total femoral area—in the axial plane. We defined interprosthetic fracture as that corresponding to a Vancouver type C fracture and types 1 and 2 according to the Su classification.

Results

We studied 68 patients who had total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and 44 patients who had total hip arthroplasty (THA); 24 patients an intramedullary nail. We found six interprosthetic fractures (8.8 %), all in patients with a non-cemented THA. There was a tendency towards statistical difference (p?=?0.08). Patients with an additional implant at the proximal femur were statistically less likely to have an interprosthetic fracture (p?=?0.04). In radiological results, we found more interprosthetic fractures in patients who had an increased femoral canal area in the axial plane just distal to the tip of the hip implant.

Conclusions

Identifying risk factors for this specific type of fracture may facilitate their prevention. Better implant stability and the presence of a gap between stems in a lower canal zone appear to hinder the occurrence of interprosthetic fractures.

     

Do manual cutting guides for total knee arthroplasty introduce systematic error?

Introduction

Conventional cutting guides in total knee arthroplasty can potentially cause unintentional deviation from the planned direction and depth of bone resection resulting in malaligned components. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the accuracy of bone cutting jigs for both the femur and tibia using imageless navigation.

Material and methods

A total of 125 patients with a mean age of 66.7?±?9.9 years underwent primary total knee arthroplasty with a Stryker Triathlon? fixed bearing posterior cruciate retaining implant using imageless navigation. Coronal and sagittal position of the secured cutting jig was recorded and bone resection was checked with a rectangular probe attached to a navigation tracker.

Results

There were significant within group differences for the femoral sagittal cut (mean δ?=?0.9° [31 %]; p?=?0.00001), femoral depth medial compartment (mean δ?=?0.5 mm [5 %]; p?=?0.001), femoral depth lateral compartment (mean δ?=?0.7 mm [7 %]; p?=?0.00001), proximal tibial cut (mean δ?=?0.3 mm [25 %]; p?=?0.001), tibial depth medial compartment (mean δ?=?0.6 mm [10 %]; p?=?0.0001) and tibia depth lateral cut (mean δ?=?0.4 mm [5 %]; p?=?0.002). Deviation of more than 2° was observed for the distal cut in the sagittal plane in 17 % and in 9.6 % for the proximal tibial cut in the sagittal plane of all patients.

Conclusion

The results of this study demonstrated significant differences between the dialed in cut and “actual” bone resection achieved for all planes for both the femur and tibia. The femur sagittal cut demonstrated a tendency for an extended cut and the tibia showed a tendency for varus.

     

Artificial urinary sphincter implantation in women with stress urinary incontinence: preliminary comparison of robot-assisted and open approaches

Introduction and hypothesis

We aimed to compare outcomes of open and robot-assisted artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in female patients.

Methods

The charts of all female patients who underwent an AUS implantation between 2008 and 2014 in a single center were retrospectively reviewed. From 2008 to 2012, AUS were implanted using an open approach and from 2013 to 2014 using a robot-assisted approach. Perioperative and functional parameters were compared between groups. The primary endpoint was continence status.

Results

Twenty-four women were assessed: 16 in the open group and eight in the robot-assisted group. Three patients had neurogenic stress urinary incontinence. Most patients had undergone previous procedures for urinary incontinence (15 in the open group and seven in the robotic group). Mean operative time was similar in both groups (214 vs. 211 min; p?=?0.90). Postoperative complicationsrate was lower in the robot-assisted group (25 vs. 75 %; p?=?0.02). There was a trend toward a lower intraoperative complication rate (37.5 vs. 62.5 %; p?=?0.25), decreased blood loss (17 ml vs. 275 ml; p?=?0.22), and shorter length of stay (3.5 vs. 9.3 days; p?=?0.09) in the robot-assisted group. Continence rates were comparable in both groups (75 vs. 68.8 %; p?=?0.75). Three AUS explantations were needed in the open group (18.8 %) compared with one in the robot-assisted group (12.5 %; p?=?0.70).

Conclusions

In female patients, the robot-assisted approach compared with open AUS implantation could decrease intraoperative and postoperative complication rates, length of hospital stay, and blood loss.

     

Which AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures can be treated with a dynamic hip screw without developing a lateral wall fracture? A CT-based study

Purpose

To determine whether radiographic measurements derived from standard computed tomography (CT) evaluation can be used to predict likelihood of a peri-operative lateral femoral wall fracture in AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures treated with a dynamic hip screw (DHS).

Methods

Fifty-one patients with AO/OTA 31-A2 classified pertrochanteric fractures were evaluated using a pre-operative CT scan of the pelvis with both hips. Dimensions of the lateral wall were calculated for each patient using four parameters: (1) height of the lateral wall above the vastus ridge; (2) circumference of the lateral wall 2 cm below the vastus ridge at an angle of 135°; this circumference was further divided into an anterior, lateral and posterior component; (3) cortical thickness at the centre of the lateral component of the lateral wall; and (4) cortical index. All patients were treated with a 135° DHS. Postoperative radiographs were assessed for lateral femoral wall fracture.

Results

Patients with a lateral wall fracture (17/51) had a smaller circumference (4.47 cm vs 5.44 cm p value?<0.001) as well as a lower height of the lateral femoral wall (1.37 cm vs 2.21 p value?<?0.001). Analysis of the three components of the circumference revealed a significant difference for the anterior component only and not for the lateral and posterior components. There was no statistical difference in the cortical thickness or cortical index in the two groups. The cutoff values for height of the lateral wall and anterior component were calculated using ROC curves and found to be 1.68 cm (AUC 0.918) and 2.10 cm (AUC 0.851) respectively.

Conclusion

AO/OTA 31-A2 pertrochanteric fractures with a lateral wall height of > 1.68 cm and an anterior component of > 2.10 cm in circumference are not likely to sustain a lateral wall fracture when treated with a DHS.

     

PFNA联合重建锁定钛板治疗累及外侧壁的粉碎性股骨粗隆间骨折

目的 :探讨股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)联合重建锁定钛板治疗累及外侧壁的粉碎性股骨粗隆间骨折的手术疗效。方法:2014年11月至2016年1月,35例累及外侧壁的粉碎性股骨粗隆间骨折(AO分型31-A3.3)患者采用手术治疗,按是否重建外侧壁及内固定方式分为PFNA组(未重建外侧壁)、PFNA联合重建组(使用重建锁定钛板复位重建外侧壁联合PFNA内固定),通过分析手术时间、术中失血量、术后下床时间、骨折愈合时间、有无并发症及术后12个月时髋关节Harris评分进行临床疗效评价。结果:35例患者均顺利完成手术,术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染、脂肪液化发生。35例患者均获得随访,时间12~16个月,平均14.4个月。所有骨折骨性愈合,两组手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PFNA组术后5例出现并发症,PFNA联合重建组1例出现并发症,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后下床时间、骨性愈合时间、并发症、Harris评分PFNA联合重建组均优于PFNA组,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PFNA联合重建锁定钛板治疗累及外侧壁的粉碎性股骨粗隆间骨折虽然手术时间及出血量较PFNA组多,手术创伤较PFNA大,但术后骨折愈合时间及下床活动时间、髋关节功能等均优于PFNA组,能够有效地缩短患者术后卧床时间,减少卧床并发症及改善患者髋关节功能。     

Risk of total/subtotal meniscectomy for respective medial and lateral meniscus injury: correlation with tear type,duration of complaint,age, gender and ACL rupture in 6034 Asian patients

Background

To evaluate the risk factor associated with total or subtotal meniscectomy for respective medial and lateral meniscus injury.

Methods

The data of all the meniscus injured patients undergoing arthroscopy in our institute between January 15th, 2000 and December 31st, 2008 was collected and 6034 patients with 7241 injured menisci met the inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 33.6?±?14.9 years and there were 4785 males and 2456 females with 3568 medial and 3673 lateral menisci. The decision tree approach was applied to investigate the correlation of the tear type, the duration of complaint, age, gender, ACL rupture and total/subtotal meniscectomy for respective medial and lateral meniscus.

Results

The tear type was associated with both medial (χ2?=?70.901, P?<?0.001) and lateral (χ2?=?268.019, P?<?0.001) total/subtotal meniscectomy. The strongest risk of total/subtotal meniscectomy of both medial and lateral meniscus tear was shown for the complex tear followed by the longitudinal, oblique, horizontal and radial tear of the medial meniscus and followed by horizontal, longitudinal, radial and oblique tear of the lateral meniscus. The risk of total/subtotal medial meniscectomy was significantly elevated for the patients with complex tear and the age of ≤40 years old (χ2?=?21.028, P?<?0.001) and those with the oblique, horizontal or radial tear accompanied by ACL rupture (χ2?=?6.631, P?=?0.01). Besides, the duration of complaint was also associated with total/subtotal meniscectomy of the medial longitudinal tear with ACL rupture (χ2?=?17.155, P?<?0.001). On the other side, the risk of total/subtotal lateral meniscectomy was significantly elevated for the complex tear of the female patients (χ2?=?5.877, P?=?0.015) with no ACL rupture (χ2?=?50.501, P?<?0.001). The ACL rupture was associated with a decreased risk of total/subtotal meniscectomy for all the types of the lateral meniscus (complex: χ2?=?50.501, P?<?0.001; horizontal: χ2?=?20.897, P?<?0.001; oblique: χ2?=?27.413, P?<?0.001; longitudinal and radial: χ2?=?110.85, P?<?0.001).

Conclusion

Analyzing data from a big sample available in an Asian patient database, we found different risk factors associated with total/subtotal meniscectomy for respective medial and lateral meniscus. Identifying patients at high risk for total/subtotal meniscectomy may allow for interventions after meniscus injury.

     

PFNA治疗股骨转子间伴或不伴外侧壁骨折的疗效分析

 目的 探讨PFNA治疗股骨转子间伴或不伴外侧壁骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008 年5 月至2011 年6 月应用PFNA治疗102 例股骨转子间骨折资料。术前根据CT 三维重建图像所示外侧壁情况分为2 组: 外侧壁骨折组(A 组, 41 例, 其中AO/OTA 31-A2 型5 例, 31-A3 型36 例), 外侧壁未骨折组(B 组, 61 例, 均为AO/OTA 31-A2 型)。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住: 天数, 根据术后2 周的X 线片及CT 三维重建图像比较外侧壁爆裂情况。采用老年髋部骨折功能恢复量表(functional recovery scale, FRS)对术后疗效进行评估。结果 A 组手术时间为(56±8)min、术中出血量为(238±21)ml、住: 天数为(17±3)d, 均高于B 组的(45±6)min、(175±11)ml、(15±3)d, 两者比较差异均有统计学意义。术后X 线片示A 组8 例(19.5豫, 8/41)、B 组3例(4.9豫, 3/61)发生外侧壁爆裂;而术后CT三维重建示A组36 例(87.8豫, 36/41)、B 组45 例(73.8豫, 45/61)发生外侧壁爆裂。82 例患者获得随访, 随访时间6~35 个月, 平均19.5 个月。随访时间在1 年以上有56 例, FRS 评分: A 组为(64.2±4.8)分, B 组为(76.5±7.9)分。结论 PFNA 治疗不稳定型股骨转子间骨折时, 容易造成股骨转子外侧壁骨折或加重外侧壁损伤, 影响患者髋部功能恢复。CT三维重建技术可有效评估该类医原性创伤。