2006—2010年镇江市新发尘肺的发病特点及其流行特征

目的浅析近5年镇江市尘肺发病特点及原因。方法对2006年1月1日—2010年12月31日镇江市新诊断的尘肺患者构成、所属企业性质、发病年龄、接尘工种、工龄等方面进行比较分析。结果近5年来镇江市尘肺检出数、检出率有先升高后下降的趋势。国有企业所占比例逐渐下降,患者平均发病年龄高于非国有企业患者(P0.01),接尘工龄与非国有企业患者相当。工龄不超过10年的新发尘肺工种以主掘进工、凿岩工和破碎工例数为多。结论国企尘肺防治工作是有成效的,平均发病年龄超过工人退休年龄。非国有企业尘肺发病所占比例升高,新发尘肺发病年龄轻,工龄短,病情重。     

北京市某区陶工尘肺发病特点分析

目的 分析北京市某区陶工尘肺病例的发病特点,为陶工尘肺的防治提供参考依据.方法 通过北京市职业病网络报告系统收集2006-2012年北京市某区新发陶工尘肺病例资料,对患者发病年龄、接尘工龄、接尘年代、工种等进行分析.结果 2006-2012年北京市某区报告新发陶工尘肺85例,发病年龄≥60岁者占76.5％,主要集中在60岁～、70岁～年龄组,接尘工龄≥10年者占96.5％,主要集中在10年～、20年～组;工种分布以成型工为主(37.6％);随接尘年代的递增陶工尘肺患者的发病年龄呈逐渐减小的趋势,差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);20世纪70、80年代接尘者的接尘工龄较50、60年代接尘者的短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 成型工应作为陶工尘肺的重点监管对象,同时应加强退休人员的职业健康监护.     

岩金开采农民工尘肺病发病情况

目的探讨岩金开采农民工尘肺发病状况。方法对107名岩金开采工进行尘肺病体格检查，按工种及接尘工龄进行发病状况统计。结果检出尘肺患者25例，发病率为23．36％。全部为风钻工，发病的最短接尘工龄3个月，最小年龄16岁。结论岩金开采风钻工的尘肺发病率高，接尘工龄短，应加强对从事岩金开采农民工的防护。     

2006-2019年北京市石景山区新发尘肺病特征分析

收集2006-2019年北京市石景山区网络直报新发尘肺病例信息并建立数据库,对其发病年龄、接尘工龄、工种、尘肺期别等进行统计分析.结果显示,180例完成随访的新发尘肺病例平均发病年龄(66.3±11.3)岁,平均接尘工龄(22.0±9.3)年,主要集中在采矿业,工种以破碎工、电焊工居多,提示应加强对采矿业的职业卫生监管...     

2007—2015年乌鲁木齐市某大型煤炭企业新发尘肺病病例分析

目的了解乌鲁木齐市大型煤炭企业新发尘肺病的发病规律及特征,为制定尘肺病防治措施提供依据。方法对乌鲁木齐市某大型煤炭企业2007—2015年从3 052人中确诊并报告的143例新发尘肺病例的检出率、发病年龄、接尘工龄和工种等进行调查分析。结果在3 052人中检出143例新发尘肺病例,占4.7%;以男性为主,其中矽肺叁期1例,煤工尘肺142例。煤工尘肺壹期占90.1%,贰期占9.2%,叁期占0.7%。新发尘肺病例的平均发病年龄为(53.2±10.3)岁,接尘工龄(21.8±7.8)a,开始接尘年龄(21.9±5.2)岁,73.4%的病例集中在40~49、50~59岁年龄组,各发病年龄组的开始接尘年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F=9.46,P0.01)。63.6%的病例集中分布在接尘工龄15~30 a之间,各接尘工龄组的发病年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(F=0.83,P0.05)。开始接尘年龄25岁的病例占74.8%,与25岁以后组发病年龄和实际接尘工龄比较,均有统计学意义(F值分别为19.81、7.38,均P0.01)。煤工尘肺患者以维吾尔族为主,占68.3%;汉族占31.7%,两民族间发病年龄和接尘工龄比较,差异有统计学意义(F值分别为7.95、5.16,均P0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐市大型煤炭企业2007—2015年尘肺新发病例以壹期煤工尘肺为主,工种以采煤工居多,掘进工发病年龄最小,总体尘肺发病有下降趋势。企业应加强职业健康监护工作,并做好离岗后的定期随访,以利于尘肺病的早发现、早诊断。     

兰州市新发尘肺病病例分析

目的分析兰州市尘肺病发病情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法对2006-2010年兰州市新发尘肺病监测资料用Excel和SPSS 13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果2006-2010年兰州市共报告各种新发尘肺病264例,发病呈增长趋势。兰州市七里河区、永登县及红古区的新发病例较多,占81.8%。不同种类尘肺中,煤工尘肺最多,占46.6%。不同分期尘肺中,壹期病例最多,占83.3%。平均发病年龄为(53.5±11.1)岁,平均接尘工龄为(24.4±10.8)a;平均发病年龄和平均接尘工龄由大到小均依次为煤工尘肺、其他尘肺、矽肺;新发病例主要来源于非公有制企业(49.2%)和中小型企业(59.1%),非公有制企业尘肺平均接尘工龄较公有制企业短。煤炭开采和洗选业病例较多,占42.4%;工种主要分布在矿山开采,占43.6%;开始接尘年代在1971-1980年间新发病例最多,占37.9%。结论兰州市尘肺病发病情况不容乐观,应重点监管中小型非公有制企业,重点加强对煤矿工人和企业退休前后工人的职业健康检查。     

2006—2015年南京市新发尘肺病病例分析

目的了解南京市2006—2015年新发尘肺病情况,为防治工作提供建议。方法利用南京市尘肺病报告卡,对南京市新发尘肺病病例的病种、行业、发病年龄、接尘工龄等进行统计分析。结果 2006—2015年南京市新发尘肺病病例127例,主要分布在机械、煤炭、建材行业。以矽肺为主(66.93%),电焊工尘肺次之(12.60%)。平均发病年龄(60.04±9.78)岁,平均接尘工龄(18.82±9.02)a。小型企业的尘肺病病例数占61.4%,为78例。与南京市1955—2004年尘肺病病种构成比比较,2006—2015年新发尘肺病病例中水泥尘肺所占比重较前明显下降(P0.05),矽肺所占比重较前明显上升(P0.05);电焊工尘肺病例比重显著加大。电焊工尘肺接尘工龄较矽肺、铸工尘肺、煤工尘肺明显缩短(P0.01)。结论小型企业尘肺病最为突出,南京市粉尘危害仍未得到有效控制,须加大治理力度。     

杭州市２００７－２０１５年尘肺病发病情况分析

摘要：目的　了解浙江省杭州市尘肺病发病特点及现状,为制定尘肺病防治措施提供依据。方法　依据 “职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”收集杭州市２００７－２０１５年新发尘肺病患者病种、发病年龄、接尘工龄 以及所在企业行业、工种、规模等进行分析。结果　杭州市２００７－２０１５年新发尘肺病患者７５３例,历年报 告新发尘肺分别为４２例、３２例、３５例、７６例、８２例、１６０例、１６０例、１０６例和６０例。发病年龄以４１～ 岁２３６例（３１．３４％）,５１～岁２３４例（３１．０８％）,接尘工龄（１４．５±９．０） 年。病种分布以矽肺为主, 共 ５２２例（６９．３２％）;煤工尘肺１５０例（１９．９２％）;电焊工尘肺５１例（６．７８％）。尘肺病分期以壹期为主,共 ４３８例（５８．１７％）; 贰期１８７ 例（２４．８３ ％）; 叁期１２８ 例（１７．００％）。行业分布以采矿业４４９ 例 （５９．６３％）,制造业２０３例（２６．９６％）多见。壹期尘肺主要分布在电焊工和粉碎工,共１０８例（２６．２６％）; 贰期、叁期尘肺均以掘进工和采煤工为主,分别为５１ 例（２７．２７％）,３８ 例（２９．６９％）。新发尘肺病患者 主要集中在小型企业,共５５３例（７３．４０％）。结论　杭州市新发尘肺病呈逐年增长趋势,接尘工龄缩短, 发病以矽肺为主,其分布与企业行业、工种及规模有关。 关键词：尘肺病;职业病;发病特征 中图分类号：Ｒ１３５．２　　文献标识码：Ａ　　文章编号：１００９ ６６３９ （２０１７）０６ ０４４２ ０５     

515例职业性尘肺病流行病学特征分析

分析2008—2023年宜兴市515例职业性尘肺病例的流行病学特征,其中新发病例428例,晋期87例,死亡121例。新发病例主要为壹期302例(70.6%),病种主要为矽肺、煤工尘肺和陶工尘肺,共382例(89.3%);接尘工龄<5年56例(13.1%)。不同种类新发尘肺病壹期患者的发病年龄和接尘工龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以电焊工尘肺发病年龄和接尘工龄最小。晋期病例主要为煤工尘肺和陶工尘肺,共71例(72.4%)。尘肺患者平均死亡年龄(74.9±9.3)岁,主要为煤工尘肺46例(38.0%)和矽肺44例(36.4%)。今后应加强对新发尘肺病例的预防和晋期病例的随访,减少发病和死亡人数。     

广西有色金属行业尘肺病667例分析

目的了解有色金属行业尘肺病发生、发展的特点以及流行特征。方法对广西诊断的667例有色金属行业尘肺病例进行流行病学调查分析。结果 667例有色金属行业以矽肺(91.90%)和有色金属冶炼工尘肺(4.65%)和电焊工尘肺(1.20%)为主。矽肺并发结核率高(26.39%)、接尘工龄短。工种以风钻工、掘进工和爆破工为主。尘肺病人主要分布在南宁、河池和柳州3市。非公有制企业矽肺并发结核率高,发病年龄和接尘工龄较短。结论需加强对广西有色金属行业的尘肺病防治工作,尤其是非公有制企业矿山开采业的尘肺病防治工作,同时加强对接尘工人进行尘肺病防治知识的宣传和职业健康检查。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.