膝关节半月板撕裂的磁共振表现

目的进一步认识膝关节半月板撕裂的磁共振成像(MRI)表现。方法回顾分析50例膝关节半月板撕裂的MRI资料,所有病例均经关节镜手术证实。采用永磁型MRI机,场强0.2T。结果50例半月板撕裂中,按照部位分类,半月板撕裂位于内侧半月板前角2例,内侧后角37例,外侧半月板前角5例,外侧后角3例,同时累及半月板前角、体部和后角者内侧2例,外侧1例。按照半月板撕裂的形式分为:水平撕裂8例;垂直撕裂4例;斜形撕裂26例;纵形撕裂3例;放射状撕裂4例;桶柄状撕裂2例;复杂撕裂3例。结论MRI能够清楚显示膝关节半月板撕裂的部位和形式,为临床治疗提供可靠的依据,是目前诊断半月板撕裂的最好的影像学检查方法。     

Management of spontaneous rupture of liver tumours

Spontaneous ruptures of a liver tumour are often considered as a potentially life-threatening situation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate both clinical features and treatment in a subgroup of patients with ruptured liver tumours. From 1995 to 2000, 20 patients were referred to our centre for spontaneous rupture of a liver tumour associated with haemoperitoneum. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was present in 13 patients (11 men and 2 women) aged from 48 to 72 years (mean 62) and adenoma in 7 women aged from 23 to 52 years (mean 35). Although all patients experienced sudden abdominal pain and anaemia, shock at admission was present in 4 (20%) patients including 3 with HCC. In patients with HCC, severe liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh C) was present in 5 cases including the 3 shocked patients. No treatment was undertaken in 2 patients, transarterial embolization was performed in 9 cases and 5 patients underwent delayed resection. In hospital, mortality was observed in 3 (23%) patients, all of them had severe liver insufficiency. Long-term survival was observed in patients with good liver function who underwent resection. In patients with adenoma, shock at admission was observed in only 1 patient under anticoagulation treatment. Emergency resection was performed in 3 cases. A decrease of the tumour size was observed in patients who underwent delayed resection resulting in a lower rate of peri-operative transfusion. In conclusion, this study confirms that the majority of patients with ruptured liver tumours had no evidence of haemodynamic instability and therefore should be initially managed conservatively. In patients with single ruptured HCC associated with good liver function, long-term survival can be observed after liver resection. Delayed resection facilitated the operative procedure in patients with ruptured adenoma.     

多层螺旋CT在诊断法洛四联症中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT对法洛四联症的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法46例经手术病理证实的法洛四联症患者,术前均接受MSCT检查,分析其临床资料及MSCT表现,并与术后结果进行对照。结果MSCT对46例法洛四联症患者均能做出定性诊断。法洛四联症室缺类型:嵴下型室缺44例,嵴上型室缺2例。主动脉骑跨率:骑跨50%为44例,骑跨40%为2例。肺动脉狭窄:46例均有右室流出道狭窄。合并肺动脉瓣二瓣化畸形36例。合并房间隔缺损或卵圆孔未闭14例,动脉导管未闭2例,右位主动脉弓14例,永存左上腔4例,另2例左头臂静脉异常走行。结论MSCT对心外畸形的检出率,肺动脉及段级分支的变异和发育情况有较高的价值。MSCT可以清楚显示冠状动脉起源、走行以及心内畸形。     

外伤性胆道损伤的处理

目的 探讨外伤性胆道损伤的处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2009年7月至2014年5月华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的26例外伤性胆道损伤患者的临床资料.26例患者均有外伤史.根据损伤控制原则,行剖腹探查术明确诊断后,根据术中探查情况,采用Mattox损伤分型标准对患者进行分型.在抗休克治疗的同时,根据损伤部位和程度,选择胆囊切除术、胆管修补术、胆管对端吻合术、胆肠吻合术和肝方叶切除＋肝门部胆管整形＋肝肠吻合术等手术方式.合并其他脏器的损伤者均行相应的手术治疗.术后辅以抗炎、补液等对症支持治疗.记录患者院内死亡情况.出院患者定期门诊或电话随访,随访时间截至2014年10月.结果 26例患者行剖腹探查术,术中发现胆囊损伤15例、胆总管损伤5例、肝总管损伤3例、左肝管损伤2例、右肝管损伤1例;合并肝破裂11例、脾破裂1例、肾破裂5例、小肠破裂4例.Mattox损伤分型：Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型0例,Ⅳ型8例,Ⅴ型3例.15例胆囊损伤患者中,5例Ⅰ型胆囊挫伤较轻者未行胆囊切除术,6例Ⅰ型胆囊挫伤较重者和4例Ⅱ型患者行胆囊切除术;11例肝胆管损伤患者中,5例Ⅳ型较轻者行胆管修补＋T管引流术,3例Ⅳ型较重者根据损伤部位采用不同手术方案（1例行胆管对端吻合术＋T管引流术、1例行胆肠吻合术、1例行肝方叶切除＋肝门部胆管整形＋肝肠吻合术）,3例Ⅴ型患者均行胆肠吻合术.合并其他脏器损伤的患者均行相应的手术治疗：11例联合肝破裂修补术或肝段切除术,1例联合脾切除术,5例联合肾切除术,4例联合小肠部分切除＋端端吻合术.26例患者中,术后1例因失血性休克经抢救无效于住院期间死亡;3例出现胆汁漏,1例出现伤口感染,经对症支持治疗后痊愈.25例患者治愈出院.25例患者获得随访,随访时间为术后1、3、6、12个月,无一例患者发生迟发性胆?     

Treatment of patients with venous diseases of the lower extremities

Results of treatment of 355 patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs were analyzed. In 169 patients with postthrombophlebitic disease, in 38 patients with postthrombophlebitic trophic ulcers and in 43 patients with varicose trophic ulcers the lymphotropic therapy was used (the study group). Control group consisted of 105 patients treated with traditional methods. Limphotropic therapy improved microcirculatory and metabolic processes in tissues that promotes faster cure of inflammation and edema and epithelization of trophic ulcers in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.     

Results of the conservative treatment of urinary incontinence in women

We reviewed 115 incontinent women undergoing conservative treatment. Urinary incontinence was caused by pelvic floor weakness (genuine stress incontinence) in 54 patients, by involuntary detrusor contraction (detrusor instability) in 38 and by both (mixed type) in 23. Tricyclic antidepressants or alpha-adrenergic stimulators were given to 30 patients with pelvic floor weakness; Incontinence disappeared in 4 patients (13%) and was improved in other 3 patients (10%). Twenty-two patients with pelvic floor weakness underwent pelvic floor exercise with or without medication; Incontinence disappeared in 8 patients (36%) and was improved in other 11 patients (50%). The presence or absence of medication did not affect the results. Twenty-eight patients with involuntary detrusor contraction underwent bladder training combined with medication of detrusor relaxants. Incontinence disappeared in 4 patients (14%) and was improved in other 13 patients (46%); There was no significant difference in the results between smooth muscle relaxants and tricyclic antidepressants. Of the 23 patients with mixed type, 11 underwent bladder training with medication; Incontinence disappeared in 2 patients (18%) and was improved in 3 patients (27%). The remaining 11 patients received medication, pelvic floor exercise or urethral dilatation, and only 2 patients were cured or improved of incontinence. Follow-up of the patients with involuntary detrusor contraction or mixed type showed that urinary incontinence tended to recur after discontinuation of medication. These results indicate that incontinent women with pelvic floor weakness should be treated first with pelvic floor exercise, and then with bladder training with medication. Although it has only a limited effect, it is an acceptable treatment of urinary incontinence caused by involuntary detrusor contraction.     

Surgical treatment of injuries of the colon

Having analyzed results of treatment of 214 patients with an injury of the colon and its mesentery the authors have made a conclusion that most typical errors are related with problems of diagnostics in closed and associated trauma of the colon and the absence of single tactical recommendations in choice of the optimum operation volume. The primary suture of the gut was performed in 165 patients, in 9 patients suturing was supplemented by proximal colostomy. Resection of the intestine with a one-lumen anus was performed in 9 patients, and resection with primary anastomosis--in 6 patients more. In 2 patients the injured loop was brought onto the anterior abdominal wall. For decompression of the gut lumen after its resection or suturing the wound the authors propose a method of the duct decompression lavage of colonic anastomoses which was used in 7 patients. Pyo-septic complications were noted in 79 patients, 23 patients died (10.7%).     

Surgical treatment of developmental defects of the lungs

Developmental defects of the broncho-pulmonary system made up 14,9% in relation to all the patients with chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs. Operations were performed on 454 patients. Among them 327 patients had different kinds of hypoplasia, 45 patients had rare defects and 72 patients were with dysontogenetic malformations. Most patients with developmental defects of the lungs must be treated surgically.     

乙状结肠扭转40例的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨乙状结肠扭转的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法 对1990年1月-2002年5月诊治的40例乙状结肠扭转的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 术前明确诊断31例、误诊为粘连性肠梗阻3例、绞窄性小肠梗阻2例。消化道穿孔弥漫性腹膜炎2例、腹痛待查2例。行非手术治疗8例,其中4例复发;手术治疗32例,其中单纯复位术11例,2例复发;复位加固定术8例,1例复发;复位加系膜折叠术6例;Hartmann术3例;乙状结肠切除一期吻合术4例。治愈38例,死亡2例。结论 本病的诊断主要依靠临床表现及腹部X线检查。治疗以手术为主,可根据病情及扭转情况选择适当的术式。     

56例盆腔巨大肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨盆腔巨大肿瘤患者的外科治疗。方法回顾性分析2005年2月至2012年1月河南省肿瘤医院收治的56例盆腔肿瘤患者的临床资料。通过术前增强cT检查或数字医学三维重建技术对肿瘤的可切除性进行评估，术中联合多种手术入路，对肿瘤进行游离和切除。术后通过电话和门诊随访，了解患者肿瘤复发转移情况。寿命表法计算患者生存率。结果56例患者中，50例术前进行CT检查，6例进行数字医学三维重建。49例患者术前评估需行联合脏器切除；5例术前评估为仅行肿瘤切除；2例术前评估为肿瘤不可切除。14例患者术前确诊，8例术中通过快速冷冻切片病理检查确诊，其余34例患者术后通过病理检查确诊。手术入路：21例患者采用骶前正中入路联合经会阴尾骨前人路，11例采用骶前正中入路，8例采用闭孔入路，8例采用耻骨后入路，8例采用闭孔入路联合经会阴尾骨前入路。手术方式：18例行肿瘤＋直肠切除，12例行肿瘤＋膀胱部分切除，12例行肿瘤＋子宫、卵巢切除，10例行肿瘤＋部分小肠、结直肠切除，4例行肿瘤十全盆腔脏器切除。53例患者达到R。切除，2例为肉眼未见肿瘤残留，1例有肿瘤残留。平均手术时间为100min。50例患者术后恢复顺利，6例患者出现术后并发症，其中3例出现肠梗阻（2例经保守治疗痊愈、1例经手术治疗痊愈），2例出现盆腔感染，1例出现结肠造口瘘口旁疝，经通畅引流及营养支持治疗后均痊愈。56例患者中1例因术后突发心肌梗死死亡。术后病理检查：腺癌25例、胃肠问质瘤15例、肉瘤16例。随访至2012年12月，56例患者失访9例，腺癌患者5年生存率为26．7％，肉瘤患者5年生存率为18．9％，胃肠道间质瘤患者5年生存率为52．6％。结论盆腔巨大肿瘤术前的可切除性评估能减少不必要的剖腹探查，提高手术的安全性。     

T4 advanced lung cancer: results of surgical treatment and indications of surgical resection

A total of 1,289 patients with primary lung cancer were surgically treated at our hospital from January 1953 to December 1985. Surgical treatment for T4 lung cancer was studied in 93 patients who had pulmonary resections. The relationships between histologic type, stage, method of resection, curability, nodal involvement, pleural involvement, site of invasion, pleural metastasis, pleural effusion, combination therapy, and the survival rate were analyzed. The survival rate of 93 patients with T4 lung cancer was 17% at 3 years and 7% at 5 years. Three-year survival rate of 39 patients with adenocarcinoma, 34 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and 9 patients with large cell carcinoma was 7%, 23%, and 14%, respectively. Two-year survival rate of 6 patients with small cell carcinoma was 17%. Four-year survival rate of 14 patients who had complete resection was 33%. On the other hand, four-year survival rate of 77 patients who had incomplete resection was 7%. Three-year survival rate of 6 patients with N0 disease, and 19 patients with N1 disease, 46 patients with N2 disease, and 22 patients with NX disease was 40%, 39%, 0%, and 15%, respectively. Two patients, who had partial resection of the left atrium because carcinoma made an invasion upon it, had survived more than 5 years. All patients with esophageal invasion or tracheal invasion had died within a year. Indications of surgical resection for patients with T4 lung cancer should be limited to patients with N0 and N1 disease. Radical pulmonary resection can be performed in patients who are expected to have complete resection.     

补片修补腹壁切口疝的临床应用

目的探讨腹壁切口疝的治疗。方法回顾性分析150例腹壁切口疝患者的临床资料。（1）肌腱膜上补片置入手术（ONLAY）126例；（2）筋膜前（腹膜前）、肌下补片置入手术（SUBLAY）4例；（3）缺损处直接补片置入途径（INLAY）13例；（4）腹膜腔内补片置入术（Introperitonealsite）7例。结果平均年龄58．5岁，女性占52．5％。上腹部切口36％，下腹部切口占64％。全部采用合成材料修补。聚丙烯材料130例，聚四氟乙烯-聚丙烯双面材料16例，强生Proceed补片4例，开腹手术143例，腹腔镜手术7例。复发3例，手术复发率为2％。结论ONLAY手术安全可靠，复发率低，是可以接受的切口疝修补方法，避免伤口感染，防治腹内压升高，促进伤口愈合，保证缝合质量是预防切口疝关键。     

Aneurysms of the innominate artery: surgical treatment of 27 patients

PURPOSE: Aneurysms of the innominate artery (AIA) are widely considered to be a rare entity. We describe our experience with AIAs in the last three decades. METHODS: From October 1973 to October 2000, we operated on 27 patients with an AIA. The underlying cause of aneurysm was Takayasu's disease in 7 patients, degenerative disease in 6 patients, syphilis in 5 patients, chronic dissection in 3 patients, trauma in 2 patients, infection in 2 patients, a postoperative complication in 1 patient, and Marfan syndrome in 1 patient. AIA was associated with an aortic aneurysm in 17 patients. Fourteen patients had no symptoms. The remaining patients had symptoms, with thromboembolic complications in 7 patients, pain without rupture in 3 patients, and a ruptured aneurysm in 3 patients. In two patients at high risk for surgery who had a small AIA with embolic complications, a cervical approach was used as a means of performing distal exclusion and crossover bypass. In the remaining 25 patients, a midline sternotomy was used. One patient with a ruptured AIA exsanguinated during sternotomy. Ten patients underwent a prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta and/or aortic arch with a separate prosthetic branch to the innominate artery (IA). Thirteen patients underwent ascending aorta-to-IA prosthetic bypass in association with lateral suture (8 patients) or prosthetic patching (5 patients) of the aorta. One patient with an infected aneurysm was treated by means of resection of the aneurysm, proximal ligation of the IA, and transposition of the right into the left common carotid artery. Cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was used in 10 patients. RESULTS: Three perioperative deaths occurred (2 of 4 in association with emergency treatment and 1 of 23 with elective treatment). Respiratory complications requiring prolonged artificial ventilation developed in five patients. Two patients had transient worsening of preoperative neurologic deficits. Late results, with a mean follow-up of 85 months, were good. CONCLUSION: The etiology and presentation of AIAs are variable. Surgical management with current cardiovascular techniques achieves excellent results.     

Surgical treatment of injuries of the large vessels

The authors present an experience with treatment of 99 patients with primary wounds of main vessels. The age of the patients was from 42 through 83 yeas. In 85 patients there were stab wounds, 9 patients had gunshot wounds, in 5 patients injuries of the main vessels were results of blunt trauma. Eleven patients were admitted in the condition of shock of I degree, 27--II degree and 46--III degree, 15 patients were in the terminal state. Wounds of the aorta were diagnosed in 10 patients, 4 patients died. Injury of the superior vena cava was found in 4 wounded patients, nobody died. Postcava was injured in 11 patients, 6 patients died. Wounds of the portal vein were diagnosed in 8 patients, 7 of them died. Operations were fulfilled on 19 patients with wounds of the neck and injuries of the large vessels. One patient died. Injuries of the large vessels of the upper and lower extremities took place in 15 patients. Nobody died.     

不同类型胆囊结石患者感染致病菌特征及药物敏感性结果分析

目的:分析不同类型胆囊结石患者胆汁中的致病菌种类及其耐药性,为胆囊结石的预防和治疗中抗菌药物的选择提供依据。方法:选取2016年10月—2018年10月在沧州市人民医院肝胆外科接受择期胆囊切除术的228例胆囊结石患者,获得其胆石及胆汁标本,对胆石患者进行分类,并且对从胆汁中分离出的致病菌及其耐药性进行分析。结果:228例患者中胆固醇结石106例,胆红素结石78例,混合型结石44例。对228例手术患者的胆汁进行细菌培养,其中80例呈阳性,阳性率为35.09%,80例中共培养出111株细菌,以革兰阴性菌为主,共有89株,占80.18%,革兰阳性菌共有20株,占18.02%,真菌2株,占1.80%。致病菌的药敏结果提示革兰阴性菌对亚胺培南、哌拉西林他唑巴坦、阿米卡星和头孢哌酮舒巴坦的耐药率较低;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、氯霉素、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的耐药率较低。结论:胆囊结石患者常伴有明显的细菌感染,主要以革兰阴性菌为主、革兰阳性菌次之。在选择抗菌药物时,可以选择多种抗菌药物的联合应用,并根据患者的胆汁培养结果和药敏结果及时调整抗菌药物的应用。     

夜间生物电阻抗容积测定对勃起功能障碍的诊断

目的:探讨夜间生物电阻抗容积测定(NEVA)在诊断勃起功能障碍(ED)中的应用价值。方法:对临床怀疑ED的100例患者进行NEVA测定。其中58例怀疑血管性ED,将该测定与阴茎海绵体造影联合彩超检查进行比较。结果:10例糖尿病性ED中有2例夜间阴茎勃起(NPT)正常,2例为动脉供血不足,6例无NPT。4例内分泌性ED患者中,2例NPT正常,2例无NPT。20例心理性ED的患者中,16例NPT正常,1例为动脉供血不足,3例无NPT。58例怀疑血管性ED的患者中确诊者有30例,其中18例为动脉性,12例为静脉性,非血管性ED28例。而应用NEVA发现在30例血管性ED中6例NPT正常,28例非血管性ED中4例NPT异常。8例外伤性ED中,2例腰椎骨折患者的NPT表现为轻度动脉供血不足;3例骨盆骨折患者中2例NPT正常,1例无NPT;3例骨盆骨折并发-后尿道断裂的患者,2例NPT正常,1例NPT提示动脉供血不足。结论:NE-VA对临床上怀疑心理性ED和血管性ED的诊断有较好的参考价值。     

The effects of canthaxanthin on the photocutaneous manifestations of porphyria.

An open trial with canthaxanthin, a photoprotective agent, was carried out on 7 patients with erythrohepatic protoporphyria (EHP), 5 patients with variegate porphyria (VP), and 2 patients with symptomatic porphyria (SP). In 4 of the 7 patients with EHP, sun tolerance was significantly but only moderately increased. In 2 children sun tolerance was greatly increased. Only 2 of the 5 patients with VP and 1 of the 2 patients with SP showed any improvement.     

心理干预对聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出术预后效果的影响

目的:探讨心理干预在聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(polyacrylamide hydrogel,PAHG)取出术患者心理恢复中的作用。方法:通过对94例PAHG取出术患者进行心理干预研究,初步了解PAHG取出术患者心理障碍的状态,并检验心理干预对PAHG患者心理障碍有无效果。结果:PAHG患者存在不同程度的抑郁和焦虑,进行心理干预的实验组患者可以在术后1天即有抑郁和焦虑的状态减轻,并且随心理干预的进行,术后1周可以达到进一步减轻。结论:心理干预可以有效减轻PAHG取出术患者的抑郁和焦虑状态。     

原发性肝癌患者血清sIL—2R水平的检测及临床意义

本实验采用ＥＬＩＳＡ夹心法对４９例原发性肝癌患者血清中可溶性白细胞介素Ⅱ受体进行了检测，８例为治愈患者；１２例伴有转移；２９例无转移，以２１例健康献血人员为对照。结果显示原发性肝癌患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著升高，伴有转移组明显高于其它组，治愈组同正常对照组仍相差明显，结果表明，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ异常升高在原发性肝癌患者机体免疫抑制机制及免疫监视能力下降方面起着极重要的作用，且和肿瘤转移及病情变化密切相     

Prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, with special reference to the number of metastatic lymph nodes and their metastatic portions

One hundred and sixty two patients (69 patients without lymph node metastases and 93 patients with positive node metastases) out of patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma resected within the past 12 years were studied regarding prognostic factors, with special reference to the number of positive nodes and their metastatic portions. Among patients with positive nodes, 5 years survival rates were 14.5% in patients with one or two positive nodes, 16.3% in patients with positive nodes only in the abdomen, 14.3% in patients with positive nodes only in the thorax, and 17.8% in patients with regional lymph node metastases (n1(+) and n2(+)). While among patients with distant lymph node metastases (n3(+) and n4(+)), with more than three positive nodes, or with positive nodes both in the thorax and abdomen, almost all of them expired due to recurrence within three years. Patients with one or two positive nodes and with positive nodes only in the abdomen who underwent postoperative irradiation combined with chemotherapy had a better prognosis than patients treated with postoperative irradiation alone or patients receiving no combined therapy.