Evaluation of endometrial receptivity during in-vitro fertilization using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE: To compare sonographic endometrial characteristics in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles between women who conceive and those who do not. METHODS: Thirty-five women undergoing IVF treatment participated in the study. Using three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, we assessed endometrial patterns, volume and vascularization, after follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation but before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (referred to hereafter as 'after FSH stimulation') and again on the day of oocyte retrieval. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate was 37% (13/35). After FSH stimulation, 29 of the 35 women had a triple-line endometrial pattern, compared with five out of 35 on the day of oocyte retrieval. In those who had a triple-line pattern after FSH stimulation the pregnancy rate was 44.8% (13/29) and it was 0% (0/6) in those with a homogeneous pattern (chi-square test, P = 0.039). If a triple-line pattern was present on the day of oocyte retrieval the pregnancy rate was 80.0% (4/5), whereas if the pattern was homogeneous the pregnancy rate was 30.0% (9/30) (P = 0.032). There were no differences between those who conceived and those who did not in endometrial thickness, volume or vascularization on either day examined. Endometrial volume decreased significantly after hCG injection in women who conceived, but not in those who did not conceive. In both groups endometrial and subendometrial vascularization decreased after hCG injection, while the endometrial thickness remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of a homogeneous endometrial pattern after FSH stimulation seems to be a prognostic sign of an adverse outcome in IVF, while a triple-line pattern after FSH stimulation and a decrease in endometrial volume appear to be associated with conception.     

三维超声检测子宫内膜及内膜下血流评估体外受精-胚胎移植中子宫内膜容受性的价值

目的 探讨经阴道三维能量多普勒超声检测子宫内膜及内膜下血流对体外受精与胚胎移植(IVF-ET)中子宫内膜容受性的预测价值.方法 应用经阴道三维能量多普勒超声,对120例接受IVFET的不孕患者,于控制性超排卵(COH)周期人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)注射日进行子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积、内膜及内膜下区域的血管化指数(VI)、血流指数(FI)、血管化血流指数(VFI)测定,根据妊娠结果分为妊娠组与未妊娠组,比较两组间各参数的差异.结果 120例患者中有2例未检测到内膜血流,2例未检测到内膜下血流,1例未检测到内膜及内膜下血流,其余115例内膜和内膜下血流均显示.120例患者临床妊娠39例,妊娠率32.5%,妊娠组内膜及内膜下VI、FI、VFI均高于未妊娠组,两组间VI、FI、VFI比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).内膜及内膜下VI、FI、VFI预测妊娠的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.729、0.670、0.655及0.720、0.715、0.617.结论 经阴道三维能量多普勒超声检测子宫内膜及内膜下血流可以预测子宫内膜容受性,评估IVF-ET结局.     

Comparison of 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, and vascular ultrasonographic parameters for endometrial receptivity between 2 consecutive stimulated in vitro fertilization cycles.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the ultrasonographic parameters for endometrial receptivity between 2 consecutive in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in the same patients. METHODS: Patients who had undergone 2 in vitro fertilization cycles between November 2002 and December 2004 were recruited. A 3-dimensional ultrasonographic examination with power Doppler imaging was performed on the day of oocyte retrieval to determine the endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, pulsatility and resistive indices of uterine vessels, endometrial volume, vascularization index, flow index, and vascularization flow index of endometrial and subendometrial regions. RESULTS: Of 662 patients, 95 (14.4%) underwent 2 consecutive cycles using the same stimulation regimen during the study period. There were no significant differences in these ultrasonographic parameters between the first and second cycles. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for endometrial volume was significantly higher than that of other ultrasonographic parameters. The ICC for the endometrial thickness, uterine pulsatility index, and endometrial 3-dimensional power Doppler flow indices were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic parameters for endometrial receptivity were comparable in the 2 consecutive stimulated cycles. The endometrial volume had the highest ICC among these ultrasonographic parameters and was most reproducible between 2 cycles.     

Evaluation of cycle-to-cycle variation of endometrial responsiveness using transvaginal sonography in women undergoing assisted reproduction.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the variation of endometrial responsiveness between cycles within the same women undergoing assisted reproduction. METHODS: The sonographic endometrial thickness in ovarian stimulation cycles was compared with that of subsequent natural cycles. One hundred and thirty-six ovarian stimulation cycles of in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were evaluated. Women who did not conceive in in-vitro fertilization cycles were subsequently seen in natural cycles (n = 97) or the next in-vitro fertilization cycle (n = 39). Based on a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve using endometrial thickness to predict pregnancy, the first in-vitro fertilization cycles were classified according to the endometrial thickness as optimal (> 8 mm) in 98 cycles, or suboptimal (< or = 8 mm) in 29 cycles. Similarly, spontaneous cycles were classified as suboptimal (< or = 7 mm) in 28 cycles and optimal (> 7 mm) in 69 cycles. RESULTS: The pregnancy rates were significantly lower (P < 0.05; Fisher's Exact test) in the suboptimal group in both the in-vitro fertilization and frozen embryo transfer cycles. There was a strong correlation (r2 = 0.745) and a significant difference (P < 0.001; Wilcoxon signed rank sum test) between the endometrial thickness of stimulation and natural cycles. CONCLUSION: It is possible to predict the occurrence of optimal or suboptimal endometrial response in natural cycles of women, after evaluation in stimulated cycles, with a high degree of reliability. Risk of implantation failure can be identified before subsequent treatment cycles and adjuvant therapeutic strategies may be planned to improve the endometrial response before embryo transfer.     

Transvaginal sonography of the endometrium during ovum pickup in stimulated cycles for in vitro fertilization

The endometrium of a series of 190 in vitro fertilization patients was investigated by transvaginal ultrasound. The endometrial pattern was related to the likelihood of implantation. No such relationship was found for the thickness of the endometrium. There was not a strong correlation between the endometrium and hormonal values. However, three endometrial patterns were detected after hormonal stimulation. The predominant pattern consisted of an outer hyperechogenic layer and an inner hypoechogenic layer. This pattern correlated in a positive fashion with subsequent implantation. It is concluded that the texture of the endometrium at the time of ovum pickup has a prognostic value for the likelihood of implantation to occur.     

Endometrial Thickness Dynamics and Morphologic Characteristics During Pituitary Downregulation With Antagonists in Assisted Reproductive Technology Cycles

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the dynamics of endometrial stripe thickness during gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist pituitary downregulation in in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles are related to implantation and pregnancy outcomes. Methods. This retrospective cohort study evaluated 115 conventional IVF/ICSI cycles. All patients underwent ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins and the GnRH antagonist ganirelix acetate. The endometrial stripe was measured transvaginally daily from the day of initial GnRH antagonist administration to the day of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger and then transabdominally on the day of embryo transfer. We created 5 categories (0–4) of endometrial thickness variation, considering significant a daily variation of 1.5 mm. Our aim was to predict whether the endometrial thickness dynamics or morphologic characteristics were related to the duration of ovarian stimulation, duration of ganirelix use, or estradiol levels during ovarian stimulation and whether they would influence implantation and pregnancy rates. Results. No relationship was found between the duration of ovarian stimulation, duration of ganirelix use, and estradiol level (expressed as the area under the curve), and endometrial thickness dynamics or morphologic characteristics. Despite a thinner endometrial thickness in 37% of the cycles on the day of the hCG trigger compared with the beginning of GnRH antagonist stimulation, there was no correlation between endometrial dynamics and pregnancy outcomes. There was, instead, a positive relationship between a trilaminar endometrial morphologic pattern with a positive pregnancy test result, successful implantation, and ongoing pregnancy (P < .05). Conclusions. Despite a net decrease in thickness in almost 50% of cases, endometrial dynamics did not correlate with pregnancy outcomes. Conversely, a trilaminar endometrial morphologic pattern on the day of embryo transfer was positively related to pregnancy outcomes.     

经阴道超声检测激素替代周期子宫内膜血流参数对胚胎移植妊娠结局的评估价值

目的:探讨经阴道超声检测激素替代周期胚胎移植中内膜转化日子宫内膜厚度、子宫内膜血流等参数对妊娠结局的评估价值。方法:选择100例于激素替代周期行冻融胚胎移植的不孕症患者,根据妊娠结果分为妊娠组(n=60)与未妊娠组(n=40)。比较两组子宫内膜转化日的子宫内膜厚度、内膜血流搏动指数(pulsatility index,PI)、阻力指数(resistance index,RI)、收缩期峰值流速与舒张末期流速比值(systolic-diastolic ratio,S/D)等参数。结果:两组内膜转化日的雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulation hormone,FSH)水平,优质胚胎数及子宫内膜厚度差异均无统计学意义。与未妊娠组比较,妊娠组内膜PI、RI、S/D等血流动力学参数明显降低(P<0.05)。转化日子宫内膜厚度<8 mm者妊娠率低于子宫内膜厚度≥8 mm者(P<0.05)。妊娠组转化日内膜S/D>3者的比例低于非妊娠组(P<0.05)。结论:经阴道超声检测子宫内膜血流参数,有助于预测激素替代周期胚胎移植的妊娠结局。     

经阴道超声综合评价子宫内膜容受性的研究

目的探讨经阴道超声（包括灰阶超声及彩色能量多普勒超声）检测内膜厚度、血流分布及内膜波状运动在综合评价子宫内膜容受性中的价值。方法对57例（157个月经周期）接受促排卵治疗的患者,在注射绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）日行经阴道超声检查,观测子宫内膜厚度、内膜及内膜下血流分型及内膜波状运动的类型和频率。按是否妊娠分两组,比较两组之间各指标的差异。结果子宫内膜厚度两组之间无统计学差异;内膜及内膜下血流分型两组之间有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;非妊娠组子宫内膜波状运动总频率及负向运动频率均高于妊娠组,两组之间有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论注射HCG日经阴道超声综合观测子宫内膜厚度、内膜及内膜下血流、内膜波状运动有助于评价子宫内膜容受性,预测妊娠结局。     

Subendometrial contractility is not predictive for in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, endometrial movement and serum estradiol and progesterone affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization. METHODS: Prospectively collected data of endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern and subendometrial activity were analyzed in 122 consecutive in vitro fertilization cycles. All measurements were made on the day of hCG administration (day -2), day of embryo transfer (day +2), day +6 and day +12. RESULTS: It would appear that pregnant women tend to have a thicker endometrium on day +12 than non-pregnant women. There appears to be no appreciable difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women in endometrial movement and thickness, nor in serum estradiol and progesterone on day +2 and day +6. In combining three echographic variables (thickness, pattern and movement) and hormone level (estradiol and progesterone), only progesterone on day +12 could be used to predict the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Subendometrial contractility plays no important role in implantation on the day of embryo transfer or 4 days later.     

经阴道三维超声在冻融胚胎解冻移植时机选择中的运用价值

目的评价经阴道三维（3D）彩色多普勒超声测定子宫内膜的形态、厚度、容积、内膜及内膜下血流指数预测子宫内膜容受性对选择冻胚解冻移植（FET）时机的作用。方法对110例行FET的患者移植日子宫内膜的形态、厚度、容积、内膜及内膜下血流分型及血流指数进行经阴道三维超声测定。根据临床妊娠与否分为两组,比较上述指标在两组之间有无差异。结果110例患者中临床妊娠44例,临床妊娠率为40％,妊娠组与未妊娠组间虽子宫内膜的厚度、容积差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但子宫内膜容积〈2．0ml的4例患者,无一例妊娠。妊娠组与未妊娠组间子宫内膜形态、内膜及内膜下血流分型差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,妊娠组子宫内膜S／D、PI、RI低于未妊娠组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论通过阴道三维彩色多普勒超声测定子宫内膜形态、容积、内膜及内膜下血流分型、血流动力学参数可以预测子宫内膜容受性,对临床选择FET移植时机有指导价值。     

经阴道二维及三维超声对体外受精-胚胎移植子宫内膜容受性的评估价值

目的应用经阴道二维及三维超声检测子宫内膜厚度、容积和内膜及内膜下血流,比较各参数对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）中子宫内膜容受性的评估价值。 方法应用经阴道二维及三维超声,对120例接受IVF-ET的不孕症患者于控制性超排卵（COH）周期人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）注射日进行子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积、内膜及内膜下血流搏动指数（pulse index,PI）、阻力指数（resistance index,RI）、收缩期与舒张期比值（S/D）、内膜及内膜下区域的血管化指数（VI）、血流指数（FI）、血管化血流指数（VFI）测定,根据妊娠结果分为妊娠组与未妊娠组,比较两组之间各参数的差异。 结果120例患者临床妊娠39例,妊娠率为32.5%。两组间子宫内膜厚度、内膜容积差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,子宫内膜厚度与内膜容积预测妊娠的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.584和0.557;妊娠组内膜及内膜下血流的PI、RI、S/D均明显低于非妊娠组,两组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（Z?＝?-3.811、-3.097、-2.071,P?＝?0.001、0.001、0.038）;内膜及内膜下血流PI、RI、S/D预测妊娠的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.652、0.611、0.612;妊娠组内膜及内膜下VI、FI、VFI参数均高于非妊娠组,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（Z?＝?-1.970、-2.698、-1.981,P?＝?0.490、0.007、0.048;Z?＝?-2.098、-2.090、-2.115,P?＝?0.036、0.037、0.034）。内膜及内膜下VI、FI、VFI预测妊娠的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.729、0.670、0.655及0.720、0.715、0.617。 结论经阴道二维及三维超声可用于评价子宫内膜容受性、预测IVF-ET结局,二维及三维血流参数比较,内膜及内膜下容积血流参数VI对妊娠结果有一定的预测价值。     

The impact of sonographic assessment of the endometrium and meticulous hormonal monitoring during natural cycles in patients with failed donor artificial insemination.

The present study was undertaken to determine whether the sonographic characteristics of the endometrium in the proliferative phase of the natural cycle combined with meticulous hormonal monitoring would have an impact on the prediction of conception. Fourteen women with regular ovulatory cycles were examined daily, from day 8 of the cycle, by transvaginal ultrasound through 16 unstimulated cycles. All patients had had at least four previous unsuccessful donor artificial insemination cycles scheduled by basal body temperature records. During the study, donor artificial insemination was meticulously timed by hormonal and sonographic monitoring. Four clinical pregnancies occurred with a success rate of 29% per patient, or 25% per cycle. The endometrial thickness at the mid-proliferative phase (day 8) was significantly smaller in patients who conceived in comparison with patients who failed to conceive (0.33 +/- 0.07 cm vs. 0.59 +/- 0.03 cm; p < 0.01). The endometrial thickness on the day of the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the amount of endometrial growth between day 8 of the cycle and the day of the LH peak was significantly greater in conception than non-conception cycles (0.55 +/- 0.05 cm and 0.24 +/- 0.06 cm; p < 0.01). No difference in hormonal parameters was observed either on day 8 of the cycle or on the day of the LH peak between conception and non-conception cycles. On the day of the LH peak, an endometrium with typical triple line appearance and thickness of 0.6 cm or more was seen significantly more often in conception than non-conception cycles (p < 0.05). No pregnancy occurred with an endometrium < 0.6 cm at the time of ovulation. The presence of the favorable endometrial pattern in the periovulatory phase was associated with a positive predictive value for pregnancy of 50% (sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 67%), whereas the negative predictive value of the hyperechoic pattern at the time of ovulation was 100%. Our data show negative correlation between early growth of the endometrium and pregnancy in unstimulated cycles, suggesting that the amount of endometrial growth during the cycle up to ovulation may have an important role in implantation. The sonographic image of the endometrium in natural cycles provides useful information about the possible outcome of the treated cycle.     

子宫内膜及子宫内膜-肌层交界区超声参数对IVF-ET妊娠结局的预测价值

目的 探讨子宫内膜及子宫内膜-肌层交界区（EMI）超声参数对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）患者妊娠结局的预测价值。方法 回顾性研究于本院生殖医学科进行IVF-ET的不孕妇女112例，在ET日对所有患者进行子宫内膜及EMI形态和血流监测，根据是否妊娠将其分为妊娠组和未妊娠组，比较两组间各参数的差异，并评价EMI超声参数对IVF-ET妊娠结局的预测价值。结果 两组患者EMI平均厚度、EMI形态、EMI容积、内膜VI、内膜FI、内膜VFI差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。其中内膜FI、EMI平均厚度和EMI形态是妊娠结局的独立影响因素，以此建立预测模型：Logit（P）=0.227×内膜FI+1.608×EMI平均厚度-1.056×EMI形态-8.315，该模型经评估后对妊娠结局预测效能良好。结论 子宫内膜及EMI超声参数对IVF-ET患者妊娠结局有预测价值。     

子宫内膜轻创术对体外受精-胚胎移植治疗结局的影响

目的:探讨子宫内膜轻创术对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和活产率的影响。方法:回顾性分析2007年1月至2009年6月在我院生殖中心行IVF-ET治疗的不孕症患者,促性腺激素(Gn)启动日B超显示子宫内膜回声紊乱或内膜厚度>5mm的患者共237例,其中220例行子宫内膜轻创术者为研究组,17例未行轻创术者为对照组,比较两组患者临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和活产率的差异。结果:研究组和对照组患者平均年龄、不育年限、Gn使用天数、Gn总量、HCG日E2水平、获卵数、受精数、可移植胚胎数和移植胚胎数差异均无显著性(P>0.05),而研究组患者临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和活产率分别为52.27%、36.56%和45.00%,均显著高于对照组的23.53%、13.51%和23.53%,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:子宫内膜轻创术能显著提高IVF-ET周期临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率和活产率。     

Assessment of endometrial receptivity by transvaginal color Doppler and three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures.

The objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of transvaginal color Doppler and three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography for the assessment of endometrial receptivity. A total of 89 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures were evaluated for endometrial thickness and volume, endometrial morphology, and subendometrial perfusion on the day of embryo transfer. Neither the volume nor the thickness of the endometrium on the day of embryo transfer had a predictive value for conception during in vitro fertilization cycles (P > .05). Patients who became pregnant were characterized by a significantly lower resistance index, obtained from subendometrial vessels by transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography (resistance index = 0.53 +/- 0.04 versus 0.64 +/- 0.04, pregnant versus not pregnant, respectively; P < .05), and a significantly higher flow index (13.2 +/- 2.2 versus 11.9 +/- 2.4; P < .05), as measured by a three-dimensional power Doppler histogram. No difference was found in the predictive value of scoring systems analyzing endometrial thickness and volume, endometrial morphology, and subendometrial perfusion by color Doppler and three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography. The high degree of endometrial perfusion shown by color Doppler ultrasonography and on three-dimensional power Doppler histograms on the day of embryo transfer can indicate a more favorable endometrial milieu for successful in vitro fertilization.     

永川区1872例健康妇女子宫内膜经阴道超声检查结果分析

目的了解正常妇女子宫内膜回声及厚度情况，为建立中国妇女正常子宫内膜标准提供依据。方法对重庆市永川区1872例已婚健康妇女进行经阴道超声检查，观察内膜声像图并测定其内膜厚度，而后进行统计分析。结果绝经前不同年龄段的妇女从增生期、排卵期到分泌期其子宫内膜逐渐增厚，回声逐渐增强；在不同月经周期，其子宫内膜厚度差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但在同一月经周期不同年龄段妇女子宫内膜厚度差异无统计学意义；绝经前和绝经后妇女子宫内膜厚度差异有统计学意义。结论通过经阴道超声普查，建立大样本的数据库，将有助于建立中国妇女正常子宫内膜的标准，为鉴别异常子宫内膜提供依据。     

体外受精-胚胎移植超排周期中子宫内膜超声监测对妊娠的预测价值

目的：探讨体外受精－胚胎移植（ＩＶＦ－ＥＴ）超排过程中子宫内膜监测对选择ＨＣＧ用药时机及预测妊娠结局的价值。方法：使用阴道超声监测体外受精－胚胎移植超排卵过程中３２例不孕患者子宫内膜厚度及特征变化。结果：妊娠组与未妊娠组子宫内膜厚度比较差异有显著性意义（Ｐ＜０００５）,妊娠组取卵日子宫内膜厚度均＞１１ｍｍ。两组子宫内膜特征分布无明显差异。结论：阴道超声监测子宫内膜厚度对预测胚胎种植内环境及妊娠预后具有一定的价值。     

Ultrasonographic features of the endometrium and the ovaries in women on etonogestrel implant.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ultrasound features of the endometrium and ovaries in women on etonogestrel implant, and to correlate these features with the bleeding pattern. METHODS: Observational study including 188 consecutive women presenting for follow-up transvaginal ultrasound examination after insertion of an etonogestrel implant contraceptive device. Thirty women had more than one follow-up examination. The bleeding pattern was considered abnormal if, in the last 3 months, there were more than five episodes of vaginal bleeding, or there was prolonged bleeding exceeding 14 consecutive days. RESULTS: At first follow-up examination, the mean age was 29.7 years and 47% of women had an abnormal bleeding pattern. Most bleeding episodes were of less intensity than menses. The mean endometrial thickness (ET) on ultrasound was 2.9 mm (standard deviation, 2.0). Ovarian follicle growth exceeding 5 mm was observed in 60% of the cases. Ovulation was demonstrated in one woman. Univariate analysis showed a positive association (P < 0.01) between ET, bleeding pattern, and bleeding intensity. Follicle growth was positively associated (P < 0.01) with ET, bleeding pattern, and interval between insertion and examination. Multivariate analysis showed that the ET was on average 1.25 mm greater in women with abnormal bleeding (P = 0.0001). The odds of finding follicle growth were 2.8 times higher (95% confidence interval, 1.2-6.2) in women presenting with a three-layer type of endometrial morphology. There was no association between the other patients' characteristics and the bleeding pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal uterine bleeding in women on etonogestrel implant was associated with follicle growth and a thicker, three-layer type of endometrium, suggesting incomplete ovarian inhibition and estrogen stimulation of the endometrium.     

子宫内膜癌经阴道超声表现与肌层浸润深度的相关性研究

目的探讨子宫内膜癌经阴道超声表现与病理诊断肌层浸润深度的相关性。方法46例子宫内膜癌术前均经阴道超声观测子宫三径之和、宫内膜厚度、彩色血流分布特点及血流阻力指数。根据病理检查肌层浸润深度分为Ⅰa期9例,Ib期22例,IC期15例。结果子宫三径之和为12．9～27．4cm,宫内膜厚度为4．7～65．0mm,在Ⅰa期、Ⅰb期、Ⅰc期的子宫三径之和、宫内膜厚度逐渐增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。37例探及血流信号,血流显示率80．4％;Ⅰa、Ⅰb期、Ⅰc期血流显示率逐渐增大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肌层浸润越深,阻力指数越低,各期比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论子宫内膜癌经阴道超声表现与病理诊断肌层浸润深度相关,经阴道超声检查可作为子宫内膜癌的术前检查方法。     

Sonographic assessment of the endometrium in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization

Sonography has an important role in the care of infertile patients undergoing in vitro fertilization. Unlike the ovarian follicle, sonographic changes in the endometrium during induction have not been extensively investigated. To determine whether changes in endometrial thickness or changes in endometrial texture would predict subsequent pregnancy, a randomized, double-blind review of 320 studies was performed. None of the endometrial patterns nor any particular change from one pattern to another during induction was predictive of subsequent pregnancy. Although differences in endometrial thickness between non-pregnant and subsequently pregnant patients were noted, on an individual basis, endometrial thickness was not a useful predictor.