视觉反馈结合MOTOmed智能运动训练系统对脑卒中患者平衡以及步行能力的疗效观察

目的 观察视觉反馈结合MOTOmed智能运动训练系统治疗对脑卒中患者平衡以及步行能力的影响。方法 将脑卒中30例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各15例,2组均进行常规康复治疗以及MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练,观察组在进行MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练时引导并督促患者将仪器显示器上显示的两侧对称性尽量都保持在50%,直到训练结束; 对照组在进行MOTOmed智能运动训练系统训练时遮蔽显示器上的对称性显示。结果 治疗3周后2组Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、简式Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评定量表(FMA)评分以及起立步行实验(TUGT)评分均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组3项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。MOTOmed智能运动训练系统中的患侧对称性所占比、训练距离以及训练强度也较对照组有了明显的进步(P<0.05)。结论 视觉反馈结合MOTOmed智能运动训练系统通过患者自身的参与以及自我调整可以更好地提高患者的平衡及步行能力。     

Effectiveness of functional progressive resistance exercise training on walking ability in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of functional progressive resistance exercise (PRE) training on walking ability in children with cerebral palsy (CP).Fifty-one ambulant children with spastic CP (mean age 10 years 5 months, 29 boys) were randomized to an intervention (n = 26) or control group (n = 25, receiving usual care). The intervention consisted of 12 weeks functional PRE circuit training, for 3 times a week. Main outcome measures were walking ability and participation. Secondary outcomes were muscle strength and anaerobic muscle power. Possible adverse outcomes were spasticity and passive range of motion (ROM). Muscle strength increased significantly in the training group compared to the control group, but walking ability, participation and anaerobic muscle power did not change. Spasticity and ROM remained unchanged, except for a significant decrease in rectus femoris length in the intervention group. It is concluded that twelve weeks of functional PRE-training does not improve walking ability, despite improved muscle strength.     

Mirror therapy and treadmill training for patients with chronic stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Background: Previous lower-limb mirror therapy research has focused on non-weight bearing interventions.

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect and feasibility of a combination of mirror therapy and treadmill training on post-stroke lower-limb recovery compared to a placebo intervention.

Methods: All patients (N = 30) walked on a treadmill for 30 min per day, 3 days per week, for 4 weeks. The mirror therapy and treadmill training group (n = 15) walked on the treadmill while viewing a reflection of their non-paretic limb in a mirror positioned in their mid-sagittal plane. The placebo group (n = 15) received no mirror visual feedback due to an altered mirror position. Primary outcome measures: Ten Metre Walk Test (10MWT) and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Secondary outcome measures: Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (FMA-LE). Feasibility was appraised by examining participant compliance and any adverse events.

Results: No significant between group differences were demonstrated for the 10MWT, 6MWT or FMA-LE at post-training or 3-month follow-up assessment. A significant between group difference on the MAS was demonstrated in the reduction of ankle dorsiflexion muscle tone (p = 0.006) and ankle plantarflexion muscle tone (p = 0.01) in the mirror therapy group compared to the placebo group at post-training assessment but not at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion: Our study reveals that in our group of patients with chronic stroke, mirror therapy combined with treadmill training facilitated significant reductions in ankle muscle tone (p < 0.05) compared to a placebo intervention.     

Effects of task-oriented treadmill-walking training on walking ability of stoke patients

Background: Generally, treadmill-walking training focuses on weight bearing and the speed of walking. However, changes in direction, speed, and slope while walking require adaptation.

Objective: The effects of task-oriented treadmill-walking training (TOTWT) on the walking ability of stroke patients were evaluated.

Methods: Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the task-oriented treadmill-walking training (TOTWT) group and the conventional treadmill-walking training (CTWT) group. Evaluation was performed before the commencement of the training and again 4 and 8 wk after training was initiated. The OptoGait system measured gait parameters. The Timed Up and Go test and 6-min walk test were also performed.

Results: Within each group, both the TOTWT and the CTWT groups significantly differed before and after the intervention in all tests (P < 0.05); the CTWT group showed greater improvement in all tests following TOTWT (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: TOTWT improves gait and rehabilitation in the stroke-affected limb, and also improves general gait characteristics.     

针灸结合运动再学习技术对中风患者日常生活能力及生活质量的影响

目的探讨针灸结合运动再学习技术在提高中风患者日常生活能力,改善生活质量中的作用。方法将80例中风患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予针灸结合运动再学习技术进行康复,比较2组的生活能力、神经功能的改善以及生活质量。结果观察组出院时的生活能力BMI评分高于对照组,神经缺损NDF评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组出院时在生理功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、精神健康等方面的生活质量高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针灸结合运动再学习技术能够提高中风患者的日常生活能力,改善生活质量。     

Post-exercise hypotensive responses following an acute bout of aquatic and overground treadmill walking in people post-stroke: a pilot study

Abstract

Background:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a single-bout of aquatic treadmill walking (ATW) and overground treadmill walking (OTW) on the magnitude and duration of post-exercise ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in people post-stroke.

Methods:

Seven people post-stroke participated in a cross-sectional comparative study. BP was monitored for up to 9 hours after a 15-minute bout of ATW and OTW at approximately 70% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max), performed on separate days. Mean systolic and diastolic BP values were compared between both exercise conditions and a day without exercise (control).

Results:

Three hours after OTW, mean SBP increased by 9% from pre-exercise baseline compared to a 3% decrease during the control day (P?<?0.05). A similar trend was observed after the third hour of ATW (P?=?0.06). However, ATW demonstrated a 3% overall decline in DBP after exercise compared to a 1% DBP increase of the control day (P?<?0.05). Additionally, ATW showed a 6% reduction in mean systolic BP at the ninth hour post-exercise (P?<?0.05) compared to baseline.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate people post-stroke can sustain sufficient walking intensities necessary to reduce BP following cardiovascular exercise. Also, these data suggest that ATW can elicit clinically meaningful reductions in DBP and night-time SBP. Thus, it is recommended for clinicians to consider ATW as a non-pharmaceutical means to regulate DBP and promote nighttime dipping of SBP in people post-stroke. However, caution is advised during the immediate hours after exercise, a period of possible BP inflation.     

前置式与后置式踝足矫形器对脑卒中患者步行功能恢复的影响

目的观察前置式与后置式踝足矫形器对脑卒中患者步行功能恢复的影响。方法将52例脑卒中患者随机分为前置组26例和后置组26例。前置组佩戴前置式踝足矫形器,后置组佩戴后置式踝足矫形器。观察指标为恢复至扶拐步行时间,恢复至独立步行时间,3个月时10m最大步行速度和Barthel指数。结果前置组恢复至扶拐步行时间（13．8±8．3）d较后置组（15．3±7．9）d快（P〈0．05）。前置组恢复至独立步行时间（27．4±14．9）d较后置组（35．9±18．0）d快（P〈0．05）。前置组10m最大步行速度（41．5士12．8）m／min较后置组（35．7±13．3）m／min快（P〈0．05）;前置组与后置组3个月时Barthel指数无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论前置式踝足矫形器与后置式踝足矫形器相比,可加快脑卒中患者步行功能的恢复。     

平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响

目的观察平衡训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响。方法 92例脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各46例,对照组给予常规康复治疗,治疗组采用常规康复训练加平衡功能训练,应用Fugl-Meyer评定中的平衡功能评定法和Holden功能步行分类在2组治疗前后对患者的平衡功能和步行能力进行评定。结果治疗前2组患者Fugl-Meyer评分和Holden评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗后2组评分均较治疗前提高,但治疗组提高程度大于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论平衡训练可促进脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的恢复。     

Evaluation of brief interventions for managing depression and anxiety symptoms during early discharge period after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background:

Prevalence estimates for depression and anxiety in individuals post-stroke are approximately 33 and 29%, yet there are few effective preventive interventions. Interventions which commence pre-discharge and continue during the early post-discharge period may support individuals during the critical transition to home adjustment period. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a self-management intervention and a coping skills intervention, compared to usual care, on anxiety and depression post-stroke.

Methods:

A pilot, three-arm randomized trial involving 33 stroke patients (coping skills: n?=?11, self-management: n?=?12, usual care: n?=?10) recruited from an Australian stroke unit. Both interventions were eight 1-hour weekly sessions, with the first two pre-discharge and the remainder at home; targeted both anxiety and depression; and tailored content to individuals. Primary outcome was severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms (measured using Montgomery andÅsberg Depression Rating Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Secondary measures were: self-efficacy, stroke knowledge, basic and extended activities of daily living, and quality of life. Outcome measures were administered at baseline, one week post-intervention, and at a three month follow-up by a blinded assessor.

Results:

Thirty (91%) participants completed the trial. Immediately post-intervention there was a small improvement in stroke knowledge and a small increase in depression symptoms (on one of the two measures of depression symptoms) in the coping skills group compared to usual care. These differences did not remain significant at the 3-month follow-up, nor were there any other significant differences.

Conclusion:

Neither a coping skills nor self-management intervention reduced anxiety nor depression symptoms early post-stroke more than usual care. Lack of statistical power may have contributed to the non-significant findings in this pilot study.     

Transcranial direct current stimulation during treadmill training in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial

Impaired gait constitutes an important functional limitation in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Treadmill training has achieved encouraging results regarding improvements in the gait pattern of this population. Moreover, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is believed to potentiate the results achieved during the motor rehabilitation process. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the administration of tDCS during treadmill training on the gait pattern of children with spastic diparetic CP. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out involving 24 children with CP allocated to either an experimental group (active anodal tDCS [1 mA] over the primary motor cortex of the dominant hemisphere) or control group (placebo tDCS) during ten 20-min sessions of treadmill training. The experimental group exhibited improvements in temporal functional mobility, gait variables (spatiotemporal and kinematics variables). The results were maintained one month after the end of the intervention. There was a significant change in corticospinal excitability as compared to control group. In the present study, the administration of tDCS during treadmill training potentiated the effects of motor training in children with spastic diparetic CP.     

Protective effects of treadmill training on infarction in rats

This study was undertaken to determine the protective effects of treadmill training on brain ischemic lesions caused by middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in male rats. Rats were divided into four groups: control, 1-week treadmill pre-training, 2-week treadmill pre-training, and 4-week treadmill pre-training. Cerebral infarction was induced by MCA occlusion for 60 min, followed by reperfusion. After 24 h, rats were killed and brain slices were then stained to assess lesion size. Treadmill training at least for 2 weeks can reduce the infarction size and edema caused by MCA occlusion (P<0.01). The present study provides evidence that treadmill training reduces ischemic brain damage in an animal model of cerebral ischemia.     

The effects of Bobath-based trunk exercises on trunk control,functional capacity,balance, and gait: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Bobath-based individually designed trunk exercises on trunk control, upper and lower extremity function, and walking and balance in stroke patients. The main aim of treatment was to eliminate individual trunk impairments during various patient functions.

Methods: The study was planned as an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. A total of 22 patients volunteered to participate in the study. Trunk function, functional capacity, and gait were assessed with the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), stroke rehabilitation assessment of movement (STREAM), and a 10-m walking test, respectively. The Berg Balance Test (BBT), functional reach (FR), and timed up-and-go (TUG) tests were used to evaluate balance. After the initial assessment, the patients were divided randomly into two groups, the study group (12 patients) and the control group (10 patients). The mean age of the patients in the study group was 55.91?years (duration of stroke 58.66?months) and that of the control group was 54.00?years (duration of stroke 67.20?months). Individual training programs were determined for the patients in the study group, taking into consideration their evaluation results; and strengthening, stretching, range of motion, and mat exercises were determined for the control group according to their functional level. The participants in both groups were taken into the physiotherapy program for 12?weeks, 3?days a week for 1?hour a day.

Results: In group analyses, both groups showed improvement in STREAM, TIS, and TUG tests. Only the study group produced significant gains in the BBT, FR, and 10?m walking tests (P?<?0.05). According to the pre- and post-treatment results, no significant difference was observed in any of the evaluated parameters between the two groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Individually developed exercise programs in the Bobath concept improve trunk performance, balance, and walking ability in stroke patients more than do conventional exercises.