山东省部分HIV感染者/AIDS病人艾滋病相关知识及需求状况调查

目的为了解山东省艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人的艾滋病知识水平,以便确定健康教育和行为干预内容的重点以及行之有效的方法。方法采用普查的方法,对菏泽市6个县(市、区)的108列患者进行问卷调查。结果HIV感染者/AIDS病人艾滋病防治一般知识的知晓率在73.10%~98.10%之间,传播途径的知晓率在91.70%~98.10%,预防方法的知晓率在90.70%~98.15%,获得知识来源主要为当地卫生部门提供的面对面交流咨询,占99.10%。结论HIV感染者/AIDS病人对于艾滋病相关知识知晓率较高,但对于政府部门提供的救助关怀满意度不是很高,因此应注意工作方法,使其树立正确价值观和人生观。     

农村社区HIV感染者/AIDS病人分级管理模式探讨

加强对艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者和艾滋病（AIDS）病人的管理，是控制HIV进一步传播的重要措施。我国80％的HIV感染者分布在农村，对HIV感染者／AIDS病人管理主要在社区进行。目前已有地区在探索对HIV感染者／AIDS病人的管理方法，并提出一些好的建议。上蔡县20世纪90年代中期部分农民因不规范有偿供血而感染HIV，且造成二三代传播。截止2005年底，HIV感染者和AIDS病人达6千多人。     

百色市200例AIDS病人抗病毒治疗随访研究

自百色市疾病预防控制中心启动艾滋病自愿咨询检测(Voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)工作以来,为艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者和艾滋病(Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)病人(HIV/AIDS病人)建立起个人档案,经过咨询、同意、筛查、确认、全血CD4+T淋巴细胞随访检测、转介抗病毒治疗等程序,     

湖北省HIV感染者/AIDS病人现况分析

目的探讨未接受过抗病毒治疗的艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病(HIV／AIDS)病人的发病和存活情况。方法采用横断面调查方法对湖北省671例HIV／AIDS病人进行随访调查，对调查资料进行Logistic回归分析、生存分析等。结果湖北省HIV／AIDS病人的男女性别比为1．37：1；治疗前的AIDS病人病死率为29．81％；HIV感染者中发病足引起死亡的危险因素；婚姻状况町明显影响HIV／AIDS病人的生存。结论HIV／AIDS病人急待社会医疗、心理、乍活等各方面的救助；维持HIV／AIDS病人的家庭稳定可延长其生存时间。     

综合医院皮肤性病科开展艾滋病防治模式探讨

我国第一代艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者已开始步人艾滋病期，在出现症状后病人须寻求医治。还有一些新近感染HIV的病人，难以获得有效的医疗卫生服务(缺乏经济支持和专业科室)及社区的帮助。HIV感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者对医疗服务的需求在所有需求中居首位，反映了他们希望解决基本医疗服务的迫切性。我国80％的HIV感染者在农村，一些地区缺乏艾滋病治疗机构，     

重庆市HIV 感染者和AIDS病人生存质量和医疗需求调查分析

目的了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)病人的生存状况、求医行为和医疗需求,为制定相关的救治救助政策提供可靠的依据。方法对HIV感染者和AIDS病人进行面对面的问卷调查,资料用SPSS12.0统计分析。结果调查的122例HIV感染者和AIDS病人以经静脉吸毒感染为主,其次是性接触和血源感染。感染HIV后经济收入和生活水平都明显下降,感染HIV后失去主要的经济来源和巨额的医疗费用是导致生活水平下降的主要原因,而医疗费用主要由自己承担(除抗病毒治疗药物和CD4检测费用外)。他们的生存质量评分均在50分左右。结论HIV感染者和AIDS病人因感染HIV经济收入明显减少,医疗需求明显增加,生活水平明显下降,生活质量差。     

安徽农村地区某项目乡AIDS病人/HIV感染者社会支持状况评价

目的了解安徽农村地区艾滋病(AIDS)病人/艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者社会支持状况。方法整群抽取安徽农村地区某项目乡AIDS病人/HIV感染者进行横断面研究,社会支持状况采用社会支持量表评定。结果219名AIDS病人/HIV感染者社会支持总分为32.50±7.13,主观支持为17.95±4.15,客观支持为8.90±3.02,支持利用度为5.65±2.42;家庭和政府在AIDS病人/HIV感染者的社会支持网络中起到了决定作用,家庭人口数多及子女孝顺的AIDS病人/HIV感染者社会支持评分较高。结论AIDS病人/HIV感染者社会支持网络建设应充分发挥政府和家庭的主导作用,同时进一步调动其他组织和人员参与其中。     

HIV感染者/AIDS病人失访原因及对策

艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人失访是十分普遍的现象,又是艾防工作难题。从失访的原因分析入手,提出从自愿咨询检测环节引入心理疏导,加强宣传与监测,实施关爱、救助为主体的人性化管理以及进一步完善协作机制等四大方面人手来消除HIV感染者/AIDS病人失访现象,为整体推进艾滋病防治工作决策提供依据。     

台山市2006年艾滋病自愿咨询检测情况分析

目的了解在台山市疾病预防控制中心艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)室求询的人群及艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体阳性者的情况,为进一步开展VCT服务,阻断HIV传播提供依据。方法用统一的VCT表格记录咨询个案,对咨询个案和阳性个案进行分析。结果在有完整记录的166个求询者中,15～49岁青壮年占84.9%,求询者类型主要为异性性接触、静脉吸毒和HIV感染者的家属。126人接受免费检测共发现HIV抗体阳性者32人,阳性率25.4%。HIV感染者主要是静脉吸毒者和感染者的配偶。结论台山市疾控中心在高危人群中推行VCT对发现HIV感染者或AIDS病人效率较高。青壮年吸毒人群和HIV感染者家属是艾滋病高危人群,也是开展VCT,实施行为干预的重点人群。     

北京市密云县2001-2009年HIV感染者流行病学分析

自2001年北京市密云县发现首例本地艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者,到2009年底,共报告20例。为了解密云县艾滋病(Acquiredi mmunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)流行特征,探讨预防对策,对2001-2009年密云县报告的HIV感染者/AIDS病人(HIV/AIDS病人)的流行病学个案调查资料进行统计分析,为卫生行政部门制定     

吸毒人群HIV知识和高危行为调查及预防知识健康教育探讨

目的 了解广东省吸毒者的吸毒行为以及他们对艾滋病的预防知识和态度,为广东省在该人群中开展强有力的预防干预措施提供依据。方法 面对面的问卷调查获取基础和干预后资料,采用讲课、发放艾滋病预防宣传折页和小组咨询讨论等方法进行干预。结果 干预前吸毒者对艾滋病有关知识的正确认识率最低为 52％,最高为98％,干预后有不同程度的增加;61％的人担心会感染上艾滋病病毒;55.1％为静脉吸毒,其中41.1％有用过别人的注射器;68.8％的人声称有多性伴,而且 63.3％的人在最近 3次婚外性生活中没用安全套。结论 该人群在健康教育前对艾滋病知识已有一定程度的了解,但仍有感染艾滋病病毒的高危行为,因此如何来改变他们的行为不仅仅是宣传教育的问题,它将涉及到我国目前的一些政策和法律法规,这也将是目前HIV/AIDS控制策略的最大挑战。     

Effectiveness of HIV counseling services on knowledge, attitude, behavior and practice (KABP) among pregnant women attending PPTCT program

Counseling services is an important component of National AIDS Control Program which aims at creating awareness and promoting changes in reducing high risk behavior against HIV/AIDS. Pregnant women attending antenatal clinics are being counseled about HIV/AIDS under prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT) program. The objective of this study was to assess (KABP) regarding HIV/AIDS among pregnant women attending PPTCT program before and after counseling at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. A Quasi-experimental study was conducted. Data was collected by interviewing 600 pregnant women attending ANC clinic during May 2006 to May 2007 using a pre-test and post-test interview schedule. About 69.2% of the pregnant women had heard about AIDS before the counseling. Knowledge regarding mother to child transmission of HIV was 53.5%. 38.2% knew that mother to child transmission can be reduced by drugs. The knowledge of pregnant women about AIDS was significantly different in pre-test (mean score = 15.3) and post test (mean score = 35.6) (P < 0.0001). Attitude of study participants towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) indicated that individuals with HIV should be allowed to work (79.9%) and all commercial sex workers should compulsorily be tested for HIV (55.1%). There was significant difference between in pre-test and post-test attitude about PLWHA and HIV testing (p < 0.0001). The condom use among the study participants significantly improved after counseling (1.2% in pre-test and 58.6% after counseling) (p < 0.0001). Counseling services were effective in increasing knowledge and changes in attitude and behavior among pregnant women and the efforts needs to be sustained.     

在娱乐场所服务小姐中开展艾滋病预防干预试点研究

目的 了解娱乐场所服务小姐中艾滋病的有关知识、态度和行为,探索在该人群中开展预防艾滋病宣传教育的措施和评价方法。方法 采用快速评估,现场访谈和咨询、免费发放艾滋病预防宣传折页、安全套和同伴教育等方法进行干预,运用问卷调查和定性访谈方法评价干预效果。结果 基线调查124名服务小姐,干预后调查135名,干预后性病和艾滋病预防知识知晓率等均有显著性提高,但态度及行为干预前后无显著性差异。85.0％的人愿意使用安全套,但实际只有42.1％的人每次都使用安全套。结论 干预活动中不仅要提供性病艾滋病的防治知识,还要提供改变高危行为的技能。定性访谈资料可信性较高,可做为定量资料的补充和评价,但如何把定量与定性资料有机的结合起来还有待进一步探讨。     

Acceptability of HIV/AIDS counseling and testing among premarital couples in China.

Premarital counseling is required for couples wishing to be married in China. The counseling primarily provides information about contraception. We evaluated adding premarital HIV/AIDS counseling and voluntary HIV testing to the standard counseling. The test was offered free to one group and at the standard cost to the other. The proportion of those accepting HIV testing among all participants receiving premarital counseling was used as a measure of acceptability. Sixteen percent of participants not charged chose to accept testing versus 1.4% of those charged ( p < .001). Lack of HIV/AIDS knowledge and charging for the test were correlated with refusal. Over 5% of participants admitted to premarital sex, most with their fianceé, and a significantly higher portion was female. Only 22% used condoms. Study participants were randomized for 1-year follow-up. Only four participants reported extramarital sexual activity during that year. Acceptance of HIV testing was disappointingly low. Implementing strategies to reduce stigmatization and increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS, in addition to not charging for testing, may increase the acceptance of HIV testing.     

Effect of an HIV counseling and testing program on AIDS-related knowledge and practices in tuberculosis clinics in Abidjan, C?te d'Ivoire.

SETTING: Two out-patient tuberculosis treatment centers, Abidjan, C?te d'Ivoire. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing program on acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related knowledge and behaviors among persons with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. DESIGN: Since 1994, patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis have received individual or group HIV pretest counseling, informed consent, free HIV testing for those who consent, and post test counseling. From January 1995 through August 1996 in Abidjan's two largest tuberculosis clinics, knowledge and beliefs about HIV/AIDS were assessed before and immediately after the group pretest sessions, and again 4 months later. RESULTS: Prior to pretest counseling, 68.9% and 68.0% of the 559 enrolled subjects could correctly identify five modes of HIV transmission and five modes of HIV prevention. These proportions increased significantly immediately after pretest counseling (90.0%, 86.6%, respectively), and remained higher 4 months later (83.7%, 87.7%) (all P < 0.01). Among men, consistent condom use during the preceding 4 months with a partner who was not a commercial sex worker increased from 9.9% at enrollment to 23.6% at the 4-month visit (P = 0.001), but not for women (6.3% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.40). CONCLUSIONS: An HIV pretest counseling program conducted in an out-patient tuberculosis clinic was well accepted, and significantly increased the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge and, among men, self-reported condom use.     

江西省艾滋病自愿咨询检测现状分析

目的更好地做好江西省艾滋病防治工作。方法采用描述性方法分析江西省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)现状。结果从事艾滋病咨询工作的专职人员较少。接受检测后咨询及转介服务人数占检测前咨询人数的比例分别为5.22%、1.39%。接受检测的人以20~29岁人数最多,其次30~39岁。萍乡、南昌市检测初筛阳性构成比较高,分别为39.13%、26.09%。结论建立健全VCT服务网络,提高咨询服务质量。广泛开展对目标人群的VCT服务宣传和外展活动,有效开展VCT服务,遏制艾滋病的传播。     

Medication adherence practices of HIV/AIDS case managers: a statewide survey in North Carolina

The primary objective of this study was to examine the adherence-related practices and attitudes of HIV/AIDS case managers in North Carolina. All North Carolina HIV/AIDS case managers (n = 111) employed by agencies that were state certified to provide HIV case management were sent an adherence counseling survey. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the relationship of case managers' characteristics and attitudes with their medication adherence counseling practices. Of the 94 HIV/AIDS case managers who responded to the survey, the majority (65%) reported discussing medications with almost every client. The adherence-related behaviors that case managers most frequently provided were related to monitoring medication usage rather than providing medication instruction. Most case managers believed that medication adherence counseling is part of their role (77%); however, a substantial minority, (36%) did not believe that their adherence counseling skills were adequate. Multivariate analysis revealed that case managers who provided more adherence counseling services reported greater confidence in their adherence counseling skills, believed that adherence counseling is a HIV/AIDS case management role, and had a higher proportion of substance-abusing clients in their caseload. The adherence counseling activities of HIV/AIDS case managers can potentially supplement the counseling provided by other health professionals and promote greater adherence to medications. However, variability in perceived skills and adherence-related activities suggests that the role of case managers in medication adherence counseling needs to be better defined and appropriate training provided to meet the expectations of this role.     

2010-2011年天津市VCT点求询者及HIV检出情况分析

目的通过分析天津市2010年和2011年经自愿咨询检测（VCT）点检出的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者的流行病学情况,为政府决策提供帮助。方法收集天津市2010年和2011年各VCT点求询者的个案信息,以及通过VCT点上报的所有HIV感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人的个案信息,进行流行病学分析。结果 2010年和2011年,天津市各VCT点接受咨询检测人群的HIV检出率分别为0.46%（34/7 472）和0.55%（62/11 367）。求询者男性多于女性,且男性求询者的HIV检出率高于女性;年龄分布以20～39岁年龄组人数居多。有男男性行为史、注射吸毒史、配偶/固定性伴阳性史、母亲阳性史的人群均为HIV检出率高的人群,其中有男男性行为史的求询者中HIV检出率最高为3.34%（59/1 767）。2010年经VCT点发现的HIV/AIDS病人的CD4T淋巴细胞数的中位数为420.50个/μL,2011年为448.00个/μL。结论 VCT点是天津市发现HIV/AIDS病人的重要窗口,应在男男性行为人群、注射吸毒者、HIV/AIDS病人配偶及固定性伴中加强VCT的宣传干预,以提高上述人群高危行为后的HIV咨询检测意识。     

新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院VCT检测服务情况分析

目的在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院,通过开设艾滋病自愿咨询检测(Voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)门诊,向求询者提供艾滋病相关咨询检测服务,并及时发现艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者和艾滋病病人。方法在VCT门诊对求询者免费进行HIV咨询和抗体检测,对咨询情况和检测结果进行描述和统计分析。结果自2007年开设VCT门诊至2010年底,共向2 546名求询者提供了免费艾滋病咨询,其中接受HIV检测者有1 865人,占73.2%,检测出HIV抗体阳性者160人,阳性率为8.6%。求询原因,男性以吸毒为主,女性则以高危性接触为主。结论新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院VCT门诊求询者HIV感染率较高,有必要在新疆地区充分利用VCT平台,特别是利用大型综合性医院的优势,开展艾滋病相关健康教育、行为干预和HIV检测监测工作。