超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性。方法61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较。结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59．0％（36／61）,36．1％（22／61）的病例分期过高,4．9％（3／61）的病例分期过低。EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68．9％（42／61）,14．7％（9／61）的病例分期过高,16．4％（10／61）的病例分期过低。结论EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低。     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助治疗后再分期的应用价值研究

目的 探讨超声内镜在直肠癌新辅助放化疗后再分期的准确性.方法 61例初诊直肠癌患者纳入研究,新辅助治疗后行超声内镜分期,并与手术后病理分期进行比较.结果放化疗后EUS对直肠癌T分期的总准确率为59.0%(36/61),36.1%(22/61)的病例分期过高,4.9%(3/61)的病例分期过低.EUS对直肠癌N分期准确率为68.9%(42/61),14.7%(9/61)的病例分期过高,16.4%(10/61)的病例分期过低.结论 EUS对新辅助治疗后的直肠癌进行再分期的准确率降低.     

进展期胃癌新辅助化疗后超声内镜下TN分期准确率及化疗前后TN期变化与术后病理反应程度相关性的研究

目的评估超声内镜判断进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗后TN,分期的准确率并探讨化疗前后TN分期变化与胃癌根治术后病理反应程度的相关性。方法2007年6月至2009年12月间22例进展期胃癌患者在签署知情同意书后首先接受了新辅助化疗,其中男15例i女7例,年龄36—80岁,平均64岁。采取Folfox6化疗方案治疗3个疗程,治疗结束后3～4周全部接受胃癌根治术（R0切除）治疗,化疗前1—2周和手术前1～2周分别对患者行内镜超声检查术（EUS）,并进行超声内镜下TN分期判断,以手术病理TN分期为金标准,统计胃癌新辅助化疗后超声内镜下TN分期的准确率,同时对化疗前后超声内镜下TN分期变化与手术后病理反应程度（根据瘤床内出现退变或坏死影响的肿瘤细胞的比例分级,分别计作0、1a和lb、2、3,从0到3表示反应程度逐渐变好）行相关性分析。结果胃癌新辅助化疗后超声内镜下T分期的总体准确率为63．6％（14／22）,无一例诊断不足,但存在8例（36．4％,8／22）过度诊断;N分期的总体准确率为54．5％（12／22）,有4例（18．2％,4／22）过度诊断和6例（27．3％,6／22）诊断不足。新辅助化疗后有10例超声内镜下TN分期发生降期（以T期＋N期降期例数进行统计,同时发生T期和N期降期时只计作1例）,包括9例T期（4例T3期降为T2期,5例T4期降为r乃期）和4例N期（4例N1期降为N0期）降期,发生TN期降期的患者手术后病理反应程度大多较好,其中7例降期患者术后病理反应程度为2,l例降期患者术后病理反应程度为3。结论进展期胃癌新辅助化疗后超声内镜下TN分期的准确率并不高,但化疗后出现超声内镜下TN分期降期的患者手术后病理反应程度大多较好。     

Endoscopic ultrasound classification of esophageal cancer after chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy

Because of its ability to provide high resolution images of the esophageal wall and surrounding structures, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) is thought to be well suited for prediction of T classification (depth of tumor invasion) and N classification (lymph node status) in patients with newly diagnosed esophageal cancer. EUS is also frequently used for interim classification after neoadjuvant therapy (chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy). This editorial will focus on the potential goals of EUS in interim classification, its performance in this setting, and the relevance of interim staging.     

Endoscopic ultrasound errors in esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND: Previous assessments of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) classification of esophageal cancer are dominated by symptomatic patients with advanced stage disease. Fewer data exist on EUS errors in a cohort balanced between early and advanced disease. PURPOSE: Assess EUS errors in classification of esophageal cancer in a more balanced cohort, and identify clinical and tumor characteristics associated with EUS errors. METHODS: A total of 266 patients underwent EUS and esophagectomy without preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Pathologic classification of disease extent: 108 (41%) tumors were confined to the esophageal wall (pTis-pT2, pN0, pM0); 158 (59%) were advanced beyond (pT3-pT4, pN1, or pM1). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify correlates of error in T classification and disease extent using 10 clinical and tumor characteristics (gender, age, dysphagia, weight loss, tumor length, location, traversability, morphology, histopathologic type, and histologic grade). RESULTS: EUS erroneously predicted pathologic T (pT) in 119 patients (45%). When T classification was dichotomized into tumors whose depth of invasion was not beyond the muscularis propria (pTis-pT2) and those beyond (pT3-pT4), errors occurred in 42 patients (16%). EUS erroneously predicted N classification in 67 patients (25%), and was insensitive to the presence of distant metastases. EUS misclassified disease extent in 40 patients (15%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that weight loss and tumor length were the only clinical and tumor characteristics correlated with EUS errors; more weight loss was associated with decreased odds of misclassification, while the odds of misclassification were four to six times greater for intermediate length tumors than for shorter tumors. CONCLUSIONS: EUS errors, particularly in predicting pT, are more frequent than previously reported. Weight loss and tumor length are the only clinical and tumor characteristics correlated with EUS errors.     

Predicting initial recurrence pattern of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: No report has reviewed which clinicopathological factors including 3-field dissection and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy can predict the recurrence pattern of an esophageal carcinoma. The aim of this study was to reveal clinicopathological predictors for the initial recurrence pattern of a thoracic esophageal carcinoma. METHODOLOGY: Sixteen parameters derived from 98 patients who underwent a curative esophagectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for a squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (37.8%) of the 98 patients had recurrences (hematogenous; 16, lymphatic; 13, others; 8). Univariate analyses revealed that the completion of 3-field dissection was the only factor for suppressing the lymphatic recurrence (P = 0.009; odds ratio: 0.2). Multivariate analyses showed that the number of positive nodes was a significant predictor for recurrence including all modalities (P = 0.02; odds ratio: 1.2) and both the number of positive nodes (P = 0.04; odds ratio: 1.1) and the poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.02; odds ratio: 6.9) were significant predictors for the hematogenous recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The number of positive nodes and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy could predict the hematogenous recurrence of esophageal carcinoma.     

The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery

Background

Esophageal cancer typically has a poor prognosis. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is reported to be effective for esophageal cancer patients, the prognosis of patients for whom NAC is ineffective remains poor.

Methods

In total, 113 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated between January 2006 and December 2015 were enrolled. These patients received NAC followed by radical surgery and had three or more pathologic positive lymph nodes. The effectiveness and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) were evaluated.

Results

Forty patients received AC (AC(+) group) and 73 patients did not (AC(?) group). Two-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of the AC(+) and AC(?) groups were 30.0% and 28.8%, respectively (p?=?0.47). These patients were further divided into two subgroups, i.e., those with 3–6 positive lymph nodes (3–6 subgroup) and those with?≥?7 positive lymph nodes (≥?7 subgroup). Within the 3–6 subgroup (72 patients), 2-year RFS rates of the AC(+) and AC(?) groups were 38.5% and 33.9%, respectively (p?=?0.31). Within the?≥?7 subgroup (41 patients), 2-year RFS rates of the AC(+) and AC(?) groups were 25.9% and 7.1%, respectively (p?=?0.04).

Conclusions

AC may offer a significant additional benefit to the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients who have many positive lymph nodes even after NAC.

     

Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound for restaging rectal cancer following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy

OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) provides important information in the initial staging of patients with rectal cancer. Preoperative combined modality chemotherapy and radiation (neoadjuvant therapy) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer may reduce local recurrence and improve survival. The accuracy of EUS restaging of rectal cancer after chemoradiation has not been extensively studied and its usefulness is unclear. The aim of this study was to verify the accuracy of EUS in staging rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation in a large cohort of patients. METHODS: EUS staging was performed before and after concurrent 5-fluorouracil and hyperfractionated radiotherapy in 82 patients with recently diagnosed locally advanced rectal cancer. All patients underwent subsequent surgical resection and complete pathologic staging. RESULTS: After chemoradiation, 16 patients (20%) had no residual disease at pathologic staging. (T0N0). However, EUS correctly predicted complete response to chemoradiation in only 10 of 16 patients (63%). Overall accuracy of EUS post chemoradiation for pathologic T-stage was only 48%. Fourteen percent were understaged and 38% overstaged. EUS accuracy for N-stage was 77%. The T-category was correctly staged before surgery in 23 of the 56 responders (41%) and in 16 of 24 nonresponders (67%). EUS was unable to accurately distinguish postradiation changes from residual tumor. CONCLUSION: EUS staging of rectal cancer after chemoradiation is inaccurate, especially in the group of patients with visual and EUS evidence of response. Its routine use for staging purposes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer should be discouraged.     

The prognostic significance of cell cycle markers in esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p27 and cyclin A were analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 89 patients (untreated control n = 40, neoadjuvant chemotherapy n = 49) with esophageal cancer invading the submucosal lesion. The mitotic index (MI) was calculated as the percentage of mitotic cells. In control subjects, the mean PCNA, p27, cyclin A and MI were, respectively, 60.4%, 18.0%, 19.9% and 1.7%; in the chemotherapy group, these values were 46.8%, 15.1%, 18.0% and 1.2% respectively. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased PCNA and the MI significantly. As prognostic indicators, PCNA and the MI were significant in control subjects and p27 and cyclin A were significant in the chemotherapy group. Using multivariate analysis, p27 was a prognostic factor in both groups and cyclin A was prognostic only in the chemotherapy group. Although PCNA and the MI were useful growth and prognostic markers in untreated control subjects, their significance was lost after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. p27 and cyclin A were determined to be significant markers in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, especially p27, which was independent in both groups.