膜周部室间隔缺损合并三尖瓣中、重度反流行介入治疗的疗效分析

目的:探讨膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)合并三尖瓣中、重度反流行介入治疗的可行性,并评价其疗效.方法:分析2016-01至2017-12我院膜周部VSD合并三尖瓣中、重度反流44例患者,通过应用超声心动图,观察VSD形态、三尖瓣反流程度及原因,评估VSD介入治疗效果及三尖瓣反流在介入术前、术后的变化.结果:43例患者介入治...     

经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的:探讨经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵术中的应用价值。方法:在经胸超声心动图和数字减影血管造影监测引导下,对18例膜周部及肌部室间隔缺损用Amplatzer VSD封堵器封堵。结果:18例VSD中17例封堵成功,其中3例术中出现主动脉瓣反流,2例残余分流,1例三尖瓣反流,经调整封堵器位置和方向后上述异常即刻消失;1例封堵后5小时封堵伞脱落,急行外科手术取出封堵伞,缝闭缺损。全部病例术中均未出现心率失常等并发症,17例成功封堵者术后随访1年均见封堵器位置正常、稳定,无并发症。结论:经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图在VSD封堵术前、术中及术后随访中有重要作用。     

超声心动图对膜周部室间隔缺损自然愈合的观察

目的探讨膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)自然愈合的超声心动图表现及观察方法。方法9例门诊常规检查患者,男4例,女5例,年龄1～6(3.4±2.0)岁。详细询问病史,常规多切面超声心动图检查,结合二维、彩色多普勒血流图、连续多普勒频谱技术综合检查。结果9例患者均呈现膜周部室间隔缺损自然愈合的表现,二维切面表现为室间隔膜周部左心室侧可见清晰回声中断,而右心室侧可见膜状回声覆盖,连续完整。多普勒检查,其中7例未探及室间隔分流,2例室间隔微量分流(≤1mm)。结论超声心动图可以对膜周部室间隔缺损自然愈合作出明确诊断。     

肌部室间隔缺损封堵剖析

目的:探讨肌部室间隔缺损封堵的超声心动图筛选适应证及价值。方法:应用HPsonos1500和5500彩色超声诊断仪检查12例拟行封堵术的患者,观测左右室侧缺损口大小、缺损残端距主动脉瓣和三尖瓣的距离。结果:9例封堵成功,左右室侧缺损口大小差异显著,分别为8.5±2.6（6.0～14.0）mm及6.1±1.2（4.0～7.0）mm,残端距主动脉右瓣距离6.0～13.0mm,距三尖瓣7.0～15.0mm,室缺多位于室间隔中部或调节束上方。3例封堵不成功,2例室缺口较大且左右室面大小相同,位于右室流入道部,放置封堵器时因出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞而放弃。另1例右室侧缺损口过小,造成穿隔失败。结论:用超声心动图筛选适应证对肌部室间隔缺损封堵成功与否有重要的作用。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图血流成像评估心室间隔缺损修补术后残余瘘五例

彩色多普勒超声心动图血流成像评估心室间隔缺损修补术后残余瘘五例李军吴乃森路少林刘涵⒇残余瘘是心室间隔缺损（ＶＳＤ）修补术后常见并发症之一，如何进行临床评估很有意义。兹将我们应用彩色多普勒超声心动图血流成像（ＣＤＦＩ）对５例残余瘘病人的观测体会讨论如下...     

室间隔缺损修补术致希氏束自律性心动过速1例

患儿女性,2岁.临床诊断:先天性心脏病,室间隔缺损.1998年11月2日在我院全麻低温体外循环下行室间隔缺损修补术.术中切开右心房,经三尖瓣口见室间隔缺损位于膜部,缺损被三尖瓣隔瓣遮盖后,遗留4×4mm的分流口.带垫片褥式缝合一针闭合室间隔缺损.心脏自动复跳,表现为完全性房室传导阻滞.再次阻断主动脉,拆除原来缝线,垂直三尖瓣环切开三尖瓣隔瓣,暴露原发室间隔缺损,加垫片褥式缝合两针闭合室间隔缺损.心脏复跳后仍为     

超声心动图在胎儿心脏畸形诊断中的应用

对800例孕妇行胎儿超声心动图检查,采用二维、彩色及频谱多普勒观察胎儿心脏解剖结构及血流状况。共检出胎儿心脏畸形11例（三尖瓣闭锁3例、三尖瓣下移畸形2例、完全型心内膜垫缺损2例、单纯肌部室间隔缺损2例、右心室双出口合并肺动脉狭窄1例、单心室合并大动脉右转位1例）。认为超声心动图能较准确的诊断胎儿心脏畸形。     

室间隔缺损封堵术对三尖瓣反流的影响

目的:探讨室间隔缺损封堵术后三尖瓣反流的变化.方法:入选2007-01-2009-12期间行室间隔缺损封堵术115例患者(合并膜部瘤69例,单纯膜部缺损41例,嵴下型3例,隔瓣下型2例),根据术前三尖瓣反流的程度及其是否伴有肺动脉高压,进行术前和术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的三尖瓣反流的比较.结果:术前三尖瓣反流轻度[＜20%,(7.91±5.88)%]者,术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的平均反流面积分别为(6.06±5.42)、(5.39±5.15)、(5.24±3.84)、( 5.33±3.37)%;术前三尖瓣反流中度[＞20%,(34.10±13.25)%]者,术后3 d、1个月、3个月、6个月的平均反流面积分别为(17.52±8.94)、(16.56±8.68)、(13.12±6.44)、(12.37±5.12)%;术后平均三尖瓣反流面积随着时间的延长均有不同程度的减轻.患者是否伴有肺动脉高压对三尖瓣反流无影响.结论:室间隔缺损封堵术后三尖瓣反流明显减轻.     

应用Amplatzer封堵器关闭32例膜部室间隔缺损

目的　观察Amplatzer膜部室间隔缺损封堵器关闭膜部室间隔缺损的临床疗效及安全性。方法　经超声心动图及临床表现诊断为膜部室间隔缺损患者 ,如有临床症状但没有右向左分流 ,且膜部室间隔缺损的局部解剖结构满足以下条件 :(1)膜部室间隔缺损离主动脉瓣至少 1mm ,离三尖瓣隔瓣至少 3mm ;(2 )室间隔缺损的最窄直径小于 14mm ;(3)伴膜部室间隔瘤形成时 ,瘤体未影响右心室流出道 ;(4 )外科手术关闭膜部室间隔缺损后遗留的室间隔缺损 ,且对心脏的血流动力学有影响。在局部或全身麻醉下对患者行经导管Amplatzer双面伞膜部室间隔缺损的关闭治疗 ,手术中连续经胸或经食管超声心动图和X线监测。术后随访 3个月。结果　自 2 0 0 2年 6月至 2 0 0 3年 3月共有 32例患者行经导管Amplatzer双面伞膜部室间隔缺损的关闭治疗 ,其中男 17例 ,女 15例。超声测定膜部室间隔缺损直径为 3～ 8mm(平均 5 1mm) ,左心室造影测定膜部室间隔缺损的直径为 3～ 8mm(平均 4 4mm) ,所选Amplatzer膜部室间隔缺损封堵器直径为 4～ 12mm(平均 7 6mm)。堵闭操作技术成功率为 10 0 %。超声心动图示术后即刻残余分流为 11 5 % (少量分流 3 8% ,微量 7 7% ) ,2 4h后残余分流为 7 7% (为微量 ) ,3个月后有 3 8%的微量分流。手术中出现一过性     

老年继发孔房间隔缺损彩色多普勒超声心动图特征和规律性研究

目的 探寻老年继发孔房间隔缺损(ASD)彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)特征和规律性. 方法 应用CDE检查50例老年ASD,50例均经心导管对照,47例行封堵术介入治疗,3例行手术修补治疗. 结果 根据CDE图像特征对50例老年ASD全部做出正确诊断.老年ASD的CDE特征及规律性明显:(1) 所有患者二维超声心动图心尖四腔心切面均显示房间隔中部回声中断,直径最小为0.6 cm,最大为3.2 cm.左心房、右心房、右心室内径不同程度增大,左心室内径变小.所有患者胸骨旁大动脉短轴切面均显示两条大动脉位置关系正常,合并肺动脉高压患者显示肺动脉内径大于主动脉内径,肺动脉瓣关闭时间延长,开放时间缩短.(2) M型超声显示室间隔与左室后壁呈异向运动占40%,呈同向运动占60%.(3) 合并肺动脉高压患者连续多普勒测量三尖瓣反流频谱峰值最小为2.65 m/s,最大为4.18 m/s.(4) 所有患者彩色多普勒血流显像均显示过房间隔左向右五彩镶嵌分流束血流信号.合并二、三尖瓣关闭不全于收缩期显示过二、三尖瓣五彩镶嵌反流束血流信号;合并主、肺动脉瓣关闭不全于舒张期显示过主、肺动脉瓣五彩镶嵌反流束血流信号.(5) 老年人ASD合并心房纤颤和冠心病明显增多. 结论 CDE能比较准确地测定ASD的大小、肺动脉压和心脏各腔室大小,为临床医师选择治疗方案提供依据.     

A rare type of Gerbode defect

A Gerbode defect is a left ventricle to right atrial communication. The type I defect (direct, acquired) results in a direct shunt through the atrioventricular part of membranous septum, while a type II (indirect, congenital) defect results in an indirect shunt through a perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) and a defect in the septal tricuspid valve leaflet. We report a rare type of Gerbode defect wherein a small perimembranous VSD is completely covered by an elongated sail-like anterior tricuspid leaflet forming an aneurysm and directing the shunt into right atrium.     

Right ventricular outflow obstruction due to accessory tricuspid valve tissue in corrected transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect

A 27-year-old man known to have corrected transposition of the great arteries (CTGA) associated with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) was admitted to our hospital with a suspected increase of the shunt volume. The patient is a first class bodybuilder. Heart catheterization confirmed the diagnosis of a "right-ventricular" mass obstructing the "right-ventricular" outflow tract, which had already been seen at echocardiography. The intraoperative finding showed the tumor to be accessory tissue of the anterior tricuspid leaflet prolapsing through the VSD into the subvalvular outflow tract of the right ventricle. The accessory tricuspid valve tissue was removed by transatrial access. The VSD was closed by a dacron patch using the same route. The postoperative course was uneventful.     

Clinical utility of 3-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation caused by pacemaker leads

Background This study evaluated the usefulness of 3-dimensional echocardiography (3-DE) for identifying permanent pacemaker (PPM) or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead-related symptomatic tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Methods and Results Eighty-seven patients underwent 3-DE examination: 50 patients with PPM, 17 with ICD, and 20 with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. TR severity was classified as trivial/mild, moderate, or severe according to the ratio of TR area to right atrium area. The 3-DE identified the lead route and position at the tricuspid valve in 82 patients (94.2%). In 5 patients, images without lead-induced artifacts could not be obtained. TR severity was trivial/mild in 50 patients, moderate in 20 patients, and severe in 12 patients. In all patients with trivial/mild TR and all but 1 patient with moderate TR, leads were positioned on the annulus side between leaflets. Lead-induced obstruction to tricuspid valve closing was identified in 1 patient with moderate TR and in 7 of 12 patients with severe TR: 4 patients had septal leaflet obstruction, and 4 had posterior leaflet obstruction. Conclusions The 3-DE can identify the lead route and position at the tricuspid valve and lead-related severe TR, so may be a useful technique of diagnosing the cause of severe TR in patients with PPM or ICD. (Circ J 2008; 72: 1465 - 1470).     

Unusual mechanism of tricuspid regurgitation in ventricular septal defect

A 37-year-old woman was diagnosed to have a small ventricular septal defect (VSD) with high velocity tricuspid regurgitation (TR) that was attributed to atrio-VSD (Gerbode). Cardiac MR revealed a small subaortic VSD in the membranous portion of the interventricular septum. The atrioventricular portion was intact. Cardiac MR clearly showed flow jet through the VSD, impinging on the anterior tricuspid leaflet during systole, and bouncing back into the right atrium as TR. This ricochet mechanism of TR in VSD may be misinterpreted as Gerbode defect or as evidence of pulmonary hypertension.     

A study on spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect using 2 dimensional echocardiography]

The results of 2 dimensional echocardiographic (2DE) observation in 73 patients with clinically diagnosed spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) were reported. 2DE showed that aneurysm of the membranous septum formed at the defect portion in 54 patients (74%), tricuspid valve leaflet tissue adhered to the defect portion in 2 patients, coarse appearance of the membranous septum in 8 patients, no defect in 9 patients. There was no shunt flow detected in 59 patients, trivial shunt flow in 14 patients on Doppler echocardiography. All VSD were of the membranous and perimembranous inlet type. The results of this study suggested spontaneous closure of membranous VSD was related to the aneurysmal formation of the membranous septum and adhesion of tricuspid valve tissue.     

Isolated tricuspid valve regurgitation resulting from severe annular dilatation: case report.

A rare case of isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in a 65-year-old man is presented. Echocardiography revealed enlargement of the right atrium, dilatation of the tricuspid valve annulus without thickening or prolapse of the leaflets, and an intact atrial septum. No downward displacement of the tricuspid septal leaflet was observed by echocardiography. Mild mitral regurgitation and severe TR were detected on color flow Doppler studies. Cardiac catheterization indicated elevated right atrial pressure, with a pronounced V-wave. No left-to-right shunt was detected at the right atrium. At surgery, severe annular dilatation of the tricuspid valve (without organically diseased or deformed tricuspid leaflets) was observed, and tricuspid annuloplasty with a prosthetic ring performed. Postoperative echocardiography and right ventriculography showed trivial TR.     

应用自体心包片延伸三尖瓣前叶结合人工瓣环成形术治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全

目的:探索应用自体心包片延伸三尖瓣前叶治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全的手术方法,并评价其临床效果。方法:自2009年1月至2012年5月,对31例重度三尖瓣关闭不全患者,采用自体心包片延伸三尖瓣前叶手术结合人工瓣环成形术进行治疗。并通过术前、术后心脏超声测量Tei指数及右心房变化,反映三尖瓣手术结果,评价手术效果。结果:手术患者均顺利出院,无手术死亡,患者手术后心脏超声提示三尖瓣轻度关闭不全4例,微量反流5例,无反流22例,均顺利出院。随访4～40个月,31例患者心功能恢复良好,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,Tei指数明显下降,右心功能改善。三尖瓣关闭不全除1例有早期的轻度关闭不全变成轻-中度关闭不全外,其余没有变化。结论:自体心包片延伸三尖瓣前叶结合人工瓣环成形术,是一种治疗重度三尖瓣关闭不全的较为理想的手术方式,在短期内基本消除了残余反流/复发反流。长期随访将证明其消除残余反流/复发反流的疗效。     

Traumatic tricuspid papillary muscle and chordae rupture: emerging role of three-dimensional echocardiography

We describe a patient with blunt traumatic chest injury in whom three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) confirmed the findings of a flail anterior tricuspid valve leaflet and ruptured anterior papillary muscle seen on two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, and in addition identified multiple chordae tendinae rupture of the posterior leaflet. Open heart surgery confirmed the findings. The emerging role of 3DTTE in defining the true extent of traumatic tricuspid valvular injury is highlighted .     

应用改良的动脉导管未闭封堵器经导管闭合三尖瓣腱索附着异常的膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 探讨应用改良的国产动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus,PDA）封堵器经导管闭合三尖瓣腱索附着异常的膜周部室间隔缺损（perimembranous ventricular septal defect,pmVSD）的安全性和可行性。 方法 选择2011年12月～2019年12月在西安交通大学第一附属医院结构性心脏病科诊断为pmVSD并伴有三尖瓣腱索附着异常的患者（n = 35）,应用改良的国产PDA封堵器介入治疗,对其基线特征、经导管操作和随访数据进行回顾性分析。 结果 所有患者（100%）手术成功,术中无传导阻滞发生。1例（2.9%）于术后48 h内发生一过性完全右束支传导阻滞,静脉推注地塞米松3 d后心电图恢复正常。35例（100%）患者经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiography,TTE）检查均未观察到残余分流。在平均（4.4 ± 2.3）年的随访期内,1例（2.9%）三尖瓣返流（tricuspid regurgitation,TR）较术前增加,为中量TR,其余患者未观察到严重的TR或TR加重。 结论 使用改良的PDA封堵器经导管闭合三尖瓣腱索附着异常的pmVSD是一种安全、有效的治疗选择,未发现严重的TR及其它并发症。