四肢主要动脉创伤性假性动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结四肢主要动脉创伤性假性动脉瘤的外科治疗和疗效。方法 1998～2004年收治四肢主要动脉创伤性假性动脉瘤31例，均采用手术治疗，其中直接修补6例，端-端吻合5例，大隐静脉移植16例。人造血管移植3例，血管结扎1例。获随访23例，随访时间6个月～5年（平均18个月）。结果 28例一期治愈出院，其余3例术后血管闭塞二期再行自体静脉移植治愈。随访未见假性动脉瘤复发和肢体缺血症状。结论 四肢主要血管创伤性假性动脉瘤应强调尽早手术治疗；术中阻断动脉远近端血流是手术成败的关键；损伤血管直接或间接重建具有较好的治疗效果。     

创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘

目的：为了进一步探讨创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘的手术方法，我院血管外科分析了１９６３年６月～１９９５年１２月，经手术治疗的创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘９６例。其中创伤性动脉瘤５５例，含６３个动脉瘤，动静脉瘘４１例，含４３个动静脉瘘。方法：根据血管造影和手术发现，将创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘各分为四个类型。手术方法包括直接修补、单纯或四头结扎、瘤或瘘切除然后行对端吻合或大隐静脉或人造血管移植。结果：除１例左颈总动脉根部动脉瘤伴左颈总动脉—无名静脉瘘术后１９小时死于弥漫性血管内凝血外，其余无死亡。动脉瘤和动静脉瘘得到随访的分别为７９．６％和７８．０％。远期随访效果较佳。结论：不同类型的创伤性动脉瘤和动静脉瘘，应采用不同的手术方法。     

创伤性周围动脉瘤的诊治经验

创伤性周围动脉瘤是血管损伤后的常见并发症。从１９８９年１０月～１９９７年１０月，笔者共手术治疗创伤性周围动脉瘤３５例。现就几点诊治经验介绍如下。临床资料本组３５例中，男２６例，女９例；年龄２４～５９岁，平均２８岁。动脉瘤发生部位：股动脉２１例，动脉...     

脑动脉瘤的电解脱铂金圈栓塞治疗

目的 评估脑动脉瘤电解脱铂金圈(EDPC)栓塞治疗的临床疗效，探讨手术时机及术中操作注意事项。资料与方法 1999年2月～2003年2月用EDPC栓塞治疗脑动脉瘤32例。其中30例为蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者，术前HunT ＆ Hess分级：19例为Ⅰ级，6例为Ⅱ级，5例为Ⅳ～Ⅴ级。32例33个动脉瘤，均采用EDPC治疗。EDPC为美国波士顿科学国际有限公司下属Target公司生产的GDc和德国Dendron公司生产的EDC两种。为了安全、准确地栓塞动脉瘤，在放置铂金圈过程中及解脱前均行透视监视和数字减影血管造影，以监控栓塞的动脉瘤全程。结果 32例脑动脉瘤患者共33个动脉瘤中，31个动脉瘤栓塞成功，2个因载瘤动脉严重痉挛失败，占6％。按动脉瘤的填塞程度分为：完全填塞24例(72．7％)，不完全填塞6例(18．1％)；2例梭形动脉瘤行载瘤动脉栓塞。非血栓性并发症发生率9％。无血栓形成及血栓性栓塞并发症，亦无神经功能障碍、瘫痪和死亡等永久性并发症。结论 EDPC栓塞治疗动脉瘤是目前比较理想的治疗方法，其创伤小，操作简便，术后恢复快，可达到近似外科手术的效果。     

创伤性颈动脉假性动脉瘤病因及诊治探讨

目的对创伤性颈动脉假性动脉瘤病因及血管内栓塞治疗进行探讨。方法对26例患者行数字减影血管造影术(DSA)检查明确诊断，同时行血管内栓塞治疗。5例采用微弹簧圈栓塞，19例采用可脱性球囊行假性动脉瘤开口处颈动脉闭塞，2例采用10％α-氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(NBCA)脑膜中动脉供支栓塞。结果20例栓塞后鼻腔出血停止，其中1例视力下降栓塞后1周视力好转。3例头痛3周后消失。3例颈部包块杂音消失、质软、无搏动。1例死亡。随访6-12个月无一例再次出血，颈部包块消失。结论血管内栓塞是治疗创伤性颈动脉假性动脉瘤有效的方法。     

臀部创伤性假性动脉瘤的栓塞治疗及其并发症

目的 探讨臀部创伤性假性动脉瘤的栓塞治疗方法及其并发症。资料与方法 9例臀部创伤性假性动脉瘤患者,行选择性动脉插管至载瘤动脉,造影明确诊断后采用明胶海绵和／或弹簧钢圈栓塞,并对栓塞治疗的方法和可能出现的并发症进行分析。结果 9例均发生于髂内动脉分支,其中臀上动脉3例,阴部内动脉3例,臀下动脉2例,闭孔动脉1例,均成功栓塞,随访2个月均痊愈,无严重并发症发生。结论 经导管栓塞臀部创伤性假性动脉瘤是一种安全、有效且并发症少的治疗方法。     

选择性动脉造影诊断和栓塞治疗严重鼻腔大出血

目的：评价选择性动脉造影和栓塞术诊断和治疗严重鼻腔大出血的临床价值。方法：自发性出血41例，外伤性出血11例，鼻咽纤维血管瘤出血3例，鼻咽部恶性肿瘤出血2例。采用Seldinger技术，经股动脉插管造影诊断和栓塞治疗。选用明胶海绵条、手术用丝线或可脱性球囊及弹簧圈栓塞出血的动脉。结果：57例患者共行造影诊断和栓塞治疗59次，6例做了双侧颌内动脉栓塞。55例经导管栓塞治疗后迅即达到良好止血效果，术后随访6个月至2年均未再出血。本组病例中，7例颈内动脉海绵窦段损伤引起鼻腔大出血，用可脱性球囊和（或）弹簧圈栓塞治疗获成功。4例面部外伤性鼻出血，2例单纯颌内动脉栓塞止血，另2例经造影证实，由外伤所致眼动脉的筛支形成动脉瘤出血，经外科手术夹闭筛动脉后出血停止。结论：选择性动脉造影诊断和栓塞治疗严重鼻腔大出血，疗程短、痛苦小、成功率高、临床效果显著，具有一定推广价值。     

复合手术治疗急性下肢缺血性腘动脉瘤

目的探讨复合手术治疗急性下肢缺血性腘动脉瘤的早期疗效。方法 2004年8月至2007年6月收治合并急性下肢缺血的腘动脉瘤患者7例,采用外科手术与血管介入相结合的复合手术方式进行治疗。复合手术包括传统的手术切除,结合手术前后置管溶栓、球囊扩张、术中球囊导管取栓等。方法观察围手术期并发症及早期治疗效果并对相关文献进行分析。结果外科手术包括动脉瘤旷置术2例,动脉瘤切除术5例。动脉瘤切除后重建方法包括人工血管置换术6例,自体动脉端端吻合1例。血管介入包括手术前后球囊扩张及置管溶栓7例,1例行术中取栓。围手术期无严重并发症,术后1周的踝肱指数较术前明显改善(0.68～0.98比0.22～0.52,P<0.001)。术后随访人工血管通畅,动脉瘤远近端侧支循环保留,肢体感觉及运动功能良好。结论复合手术保留了侧支循环,可以降低术后肢体远端缺血的风险;介入方法的使用保证了术后流出道的通畅,有助于避免术后移植物急性闭塞,从而有效降低术后截肢率。     

血管腔内治疗创伤性下肢假性动脉瘤(附5例分析)

目的探讨血管内治疗创伤性下肢假性动脉瘤的方法及疗效。方法本组5例左下肢假性动脉瘤患者,左侧股深动脉分支动脉瘤2例,股浅动脉主干1例,臀上动脉分支1例,腓动脉分支1例,均行相关动脉造影,明确假性动脉瘤部位、范围、程度及血供情况,然后行血管腔内治疗。治疗方法根据病变部位、大小及造影表现进行选择。结果 5例患者均通过动脉造影明确诊断,DSA造影假性动脉瘤呈现不规则形囊状突起。血管腔内治疗后再次造影见动脉瘤及其供血动脉消失,5例介入治疗均获成功。随防2~15个月,均未复发,且无并发症发生。结论血管腔内治疗下肢创伤性假性动脉瘤,安全有效、创伤小、并发症少,是有效的治疗方法。     

前交通动脉瘤DSA全脑血管造影对外科手术的意义

目的：总结神经显微外科手术证实的３９例交通动脉瘤全脑血管造影。材料与方法：根据标准侧位片，将其中３０例囊性前交通动脉瘤分为前下型和后上型，结果：前下型２０例，后上型１０例。结论：前下型手术操作简便，预后良好，后上型操作难度大预后差，根据此分型，按载瘤动脉侧选择手术进路，评估预后，对临床外科手术具有一定指导意义。     

21例假性动脉瘤的治疗策略

目的 探讨假性动脉瘤的部位、类型和发生原因,选择不同的治疗方法.方法 对21例假性动脉瘤患者(四肢动脉11例、脾动脉3例、肾动脉2例、髂总动脉2例、髂内动脉1例、胆囊动脉1例、阴茎动脉1例)选择不同的治疗方法,9例肢体动脉近大关节处假性动脉瘤采用球囊临时阻断血流下瘤体切除、血管吻合术或直接切开修补术,4例主干型假性动脉瘤采用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,其中2例发生于髂内动脉开口处的髂总动脉主干型假性动脉瘤采用分支动脉栓塞和覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,6例终末型假性动脉瘤采用明胶海绵结合不锈钢圈栓塞术.结果 21例假性动脉瘤采用不同的方法治疗后瘤腔全部消失,11例肢体动脉假性动脉瘤患者术后远端血管搏动正常,未出现神经损伤,2例脾动脉主干近端、2例髂总动脉主干假性动脉瘤覆膜支架隔绝术后无内漏、远端血流通畅,6例终末型假性动脉瘤患者栓塞后瘤腔消失,出血停止,未出现脏器缺血坏死,其中1例髂内动脉二级分支多发假性动脉瘤患者,栓塞后1周因骨盆复合伤并发重度感染死亡.结论 根据假性动脉瘤的部化、类型和产生原因,选择不同的治疗方法,在尽量小的创伤下使各部位假性动脉瘤得到有效的治疗.     

创伤性假性动脉瘤的介入治疗及临床观察

目的探讨创伤性假性动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法对18例假性动脉瘤患者(肝动脉瘤2例,肾动脉瘤4例,脾动脉瘤1例,胸主动脉2例,周围血管9例),采用不同方法治疗。6例置入带膜支架,10例采用明胶海绵栓塞或弹簧圈栓塞,1例采用部分动脉瘤内填塞加供血动脉栓塞治疗,1例股动脉穿孔型假瘤采用压迫法。结果技术成功率100%。17例动脉瘤闭塞,症状体征消失;1例胸主动脉假瘤出现内瘘;未出现其他并发症。结论介入方法治疗假性动脉瘤安全有效。     

Occlusion of postcatheterisation femoral pseudoaneurysms with percutaneous thrombin injection under ultrasound guidance

PURPOSE: The incidence of iatrogenic femoral artery pseudoaneurysms is reported to occur in 1-7% by of all percutaneous catheterisations. These pseudoaneurysms are traditionally treated by ultrasound-guided compression or surgical repair. We report our experience in sealing postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysms with percutaneous thrombin injection under colour-Doppler ultrasound guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since June 2000 we have consecutively treated 31 pseudoaneurysms in 30 patients, (14 males and 16 females, age range 45 to 81 years); in one patient the pseudoaneurysm was bilateral. All patients had a clinical diagnosis of postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysm, later confirmed by colour-Doppler ultrasonography. We injected a bovine thrombin solution percutaneously at a concentration of 1000 U/mL using 21-22 gauge needles under colour Doppler ultrasound guidance. All patients underwent clinical and colour-Doppler US examination before, during and 24 hours after the procedure and were followed up after 1 and 3 months. RESULTS: The primary success rate was 83.8%. Complete and persistent occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm was achieved in less than 20 seconds by administering an average dose of 880 U of thrombin (0.8 mL of solution). In 5 cases (16.1%) reperfusion of the pseudoaneurysm was observed within 24 hours. These patients underwent a repeat procedure. The final result was successful in 96.7% of patients (30 of 31 cases). No thromboembolic complication was observed. Only 22.5% of patients reported a heat sensation in the treated limb, which resolved spontaneously within minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneous injection of thrombin under ultrasound colour-Doppler guidance should be regarded as the first choice treatment for postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysms, owing to its simplicity, safety, effectiveness and inexpensiveness.     

颅底动脉损伤的介入治疗

目的 探讨多种血管腔内手段治疗颅底动脉损伤的临床价值.方法 2004年10月至2007年5月间我院收治各类型颅底动脉损伤患者共53例,均有头颈部外伤史.主要症状为搏动性突眼和颅内血管杂音(39例)、声嘶或吞咽不适(9例)、鼻出血(5例)等;DSA检查证实颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavemous fistulae,CCF)39例,颈内动脉假性动脉瘤14例;针对上述53例患者不同的病变特点采用不同的血管腔内治疗,并通过电话或门诊随访.结果 对53例患者56支颈内动脉进行了腔内介入治疗,采用单纯可脱球囊栓塞治疗CCF'33例34支血管,可脱球囊联合弹簧圈栓塞3例,植入覆膜支架封堵CCF3例;采用单纯可脱球囊闭塞颈内动脉治疗假性动脉瘤8例,可脱球囊联合弹簧圈孤立假性动脉瘤2例,植入覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗4例;平均随访时间9.5个月(2～25个月),85%(45/53)患者主诉症状于6个月内消失,12个月随访15%(8/53)患者遗留眼球运动受限或视力障碍.复查显示存在假性动脉瘤6例,残瘘3例,其中2例因海绵窦区的硬脑膜动静脉瘘而分别于术后第2、3个月行再次介入治疗.结论 对各型颅底动脉损伤,血管腔内介入治疗创伤小且安全有效.尽管存在缺陷,可脱球囊仍是治疗CCF和颈动脉假性动脉瘤的首选方法,在特殊情况下必需联合应用弹簧圈栓塞和覆膜支架植入等多种治疗手段.     

肢体及肾脏假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的评价肢体及肾脏假性动脉瘤应用覆膜支架及栓塞技术治疗的价值,分析相关的并发症及处理方法。方法3例肢体假性动脉瘤应用覆膜支架置入术将其隔绝,2例肾动脉假性动脉瘤应用明胶海绵栓塞。结果5例假性动脉瘤均完全闭合,2例置入覆膜支架者其远端动脉搏动正常。1例股动脉假性动脉瘤患者术中出现支架内血栓形成,溶栓后消失。1例患者由于其他原因,致穿刺部位又出现假性动脉瘤。结论应用覆膜支架及栓塞技术可使肢体及肾脏假性动脉瘤得到有效治疗,且创伤小,恢复快,尤其适用于不能耐受传统手术治疗者,远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

外周血管假性动脉瘤的介入治疗

目的 介绍不同类型外周血管假性动脉瘤的不同治疗方法。方法 13例假性动脉瘤，3例终末型动脉的假性动脉瘤采用明胶海绵进行栓塞，其中1例巨大血肿伴假性动脉瘤经栓塞后作手术血肿清除加动脉结扎术进行治疗；1例支干型假性动脉瘤采用两端弹簧圈栓塞；9例主干性外周动脉假性动脉瘤采用覆膜支架隔绝术。结果 所有假瘤均完全闭合，置人覆膜支架者其远端动脉搏动均正常。1例患者由于其他特殊原因，致穿刺部位又出现假性动脉瘤。其他患者无明显并发症。结论 采用介入技术可使各种外周血管假性动脉瘤得到有效治疗，多数情况下可以代替外科治疗。     

创伤性假性动脉瘤介入治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨利用介入栓塞方法治疗创伤性假性动脉瘤的临床疗效.方法 对24例经DSA检查确诊为创伤性假性动脉瘤的患者行介入栓塞治疗.结果 经DSA造影检查,均能清楚显示创伤性假性动脉瘤的位置、形态、开口及大小.其中17例行弹簧钢圈栓塞供血动脉,5例用无水乙醇栓塞供血动脉,2例行假性动脉瘤孤立术.24例患者全部得以有效止血.结论 介入治疗是创伤性假性动脉瘤治疗的有效方法,可以达到立即止血的目的.     

Sonographically guided compression repair of pseudoaneurysms: further experience from a single institution

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to perform a comprehensive review of our experience with compression of postcatheterization groin pseudoaneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred eighty-one patients underwent 306 sonographically guided compression procedures on 297 groin pseudoaneurysms after femoral artery catheterization. The medical records, cardiac catheterization reports, and sonographic images were reviewed to determine patient demographics, type of catheterization procedure performed, sheath size, access site, interval from sheath removal to compression, anticoagulation status, pseudoaneurysm dimensions, complications, and follow-up information. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square and Kendall tau tests. RESULTS: The success rate for the initial compression attempt was 72.1%. Of the 83 failed compression attempts, 12 patients underwent a second attempt, of which seven attempts were successful. Therefore, counting both first and second attempts, the success rate was 74.4%. A strong negative correlation existed between anticoagulation status and success, with a 70% failure rate in patients with anticoagulated blood. Smaller pseudoaneurysm size was strongly correlated with success. Of the 83 failed cases, 49 ultimately underwent surgical repair. Eleven complications (3.6%) occurred, including three patients with rupture during compression. No deaths occurred as a result of compression repair. CONCLUSION: We conclude that sonographically guided pseudoaneurysm compression repair is an effective alternative to surgical repair, though nearly one third of compression attempts will fail and most of those patients will ultimately require surgery. The procedure is less effective when the patient's blood is anticoagulated and when the pseudoaneurysm is large. The procedure carries an overall complication rate of 3.6% and a risk for rupture of 1%.     

Transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.

Hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. Seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. Their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. At presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. Transcatheter embolotherapy was the sole treatment for 16 (80%) of the 20 pseudoaneurysms in 13 patients. Four pseudoaneurysms (20%) in four patients were treated prior to splenectomy. Transcatheter therapy was clinically beneficial in all patients. Three patients had procedural complications without significant clinical sequelae. Transcatheter embolotherapy should be the initial treatment of choice in patients with arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. Treatment may be definitive or facilitate subsequent surgery.