脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是一种特殊类型的复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离,具有发病急、进展快、预后差的特点。因常合并葡萄膜炎、低眼压以及迅速发展的玻璃体视网膜增生改变,其手术成功率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离。在视网膜脱离复位手术之前给予糖皮质激素治疗可取得较满意效果。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离是一种特殊类型的复杂性孔源性视网膜脱离，具有发病急、进展快、预后差的特点。因常合并葡萄膜炎、低眼压以及迅速发展的玻璃体视网膜增生改变，其手术成功率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离。在视网膜脱离复位手术之前给予糖皮质激素治疗可取得较满意效果。     

高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离相关因素分析

目的探讨高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离发病的相关因素,分析其临床特点、治疗方法及治疗效果。方法回顾分析孔源性视网膜脱离病例556例,其中231例合并高度近视为试验组,335例不伴有高度近视的视网膜脱离病例为对照组,对比2组脉络膜脱离发病率、发病年龄、眼轴长度、眼压、黄斑裂孔发生率、视网膜脱离程度、手术治疗效果及预后等情况。结果 2组患者性别构成、年龄差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。试验组有23例合并脉络膜脱离,占9.96%,对照组则为11例,占3.28%,试验组脉络膜脱离发病率高于对照组,两组发病率差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。试验组与对照组相比眼压低,眼轴长,黄斑裂孔发生率高。试验组眼压、眼轴长度、黄斑裂孔发生率分别为(2.8±1.4)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg)、(26.7±2.4)mm、15/23,对照组分别为(3.6±2.0)mmHg、(24.3±3.3)mm、6/11,2组间眼压、眼轴长度、黄斑裂孔发生率差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论高度近视合并脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离具有低眼压、眼轴长、多合并黄斑裂孔、治愈率较低等临床特点,高度近视是脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离发病的高危因素。     

曲安奈德联合眼压升高法治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的初步探讨

目的 探讨曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射联合眼压升高法治疗脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离的疗效.方法 11例(11只眼)合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离,予玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德及平衡盐溶液或50%C3,F8,观察眼压、脉络膜脱离及视网膜脱离复位情况.结果 治疗后11只眼眼压回升,10只眼7 d内脉络膜脱离复位,1只眼治疗后第8天复位;视网膜复位手术一次性成功10只眼(90.9%),1只眼经二次手术视网膜脱离复位.随访3至12个月,11只眼视网膜复位.结论 曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射联合眼压升高法能迅速、安全、有效地治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离,简化手术过程,提高脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的手术成功率.     

伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离

20世纪70年代，Gottlied发现伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离随着脉络膜脱离的发生视网膜下液明显减少，认为是由于脱离的脉络膜隆起对裂孔产生“塞”的作用所致。大剂量糖皮质激素治疗后，脉络膜脱离消失，视网膜下液增多。本文通过临床观察，讨论这一表现的发生机制和治疗意义。     

曲安奈德联合手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离

目的:探讨后Tenon囊注射曲安奈德联合手术治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析18例18眼伴有脉络膜脱离的视网膜脱离患者的临床资料,观察术前后Tenon囊注射曲安奈德后眼前段炎症反应、玻璃体混浊程度以及脉络膜脱离变化情况,手术方式的选择和PVR的程度与手术效果的关系。结果:所有18例患者后Tenon囊注射曲安奈德后5～7d眼前段炎症反应15例视网膜完全复位,明显减轻,玻璃体混浊以及脉络膜脱离好转,随访3～12mo,1例未复位,2例复发,最终手术成功率为83%。眼压和视力均有明显的提高。结论:伴有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离较一般的视网膜脱离手术的成功率低,术前后Tenons囊注射曲安奈德可迅速减轻眼前段炎症反应,脉络膜脱离吸收,明显提高脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的手术成功率。     

脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床研究

目的分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的临床特点。方法连续选择具有典型临床症状的脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者61例61眼，与同期行玻璃体切割手术的非脉络膜脱离型孔源性视网膜脱离患者52例53眼进行对比研究，观察二者眼部体征及手术复位率等情况，并分析脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的好发因素。结果脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离患者的眼前节反应重，眼压低（平均4mmHg），与一般孔源性视网膜脱离患者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；采用玻璃体切割手术，前者的一次性手术复位率为65．51％，后者为88．68％，二者差异有统计学意义；脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离组中年龄50岁以上及屈光度-6D以上的患者占总例数的50％以上，27．87％的患者合并有黄斑裂孔。结论脉络膜脱离伴视网膜脱离具有严重的葡萄膜炎和低眼压症状，老年人和高度近视者好发，多合并有黄斑裂孔，其手术复位率显著低于一般孔源性视网膜脱离者。     

视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离的超声鉴别诊断

目的探讨视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离的超声鉴别诊断。方法对77例视网膜脱离和38例脉络膜脱离的B型超声图像进行比较分析。结果两者在光带起止部位、形态、后运动、回声强度等方面各有其特征性。结论根据B型超声声像图的各种特征,能鉴别视网膜脱离和脉络膜脱离两种疾病。     

激素治疗脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离的研究现状

糖皮质激素作为脉络膜脱离型视网膜脱离手术前后的辅助治疗药物,其控制炎症、改善脉络膜脱离效果明显,为手术的开展创造良好的条件,但其对术后视网膜复位率和视功能改善的作用眼科学者各持己见。关于术前激素使用与否、使用时间和使用方式,眼科界一直存在争议。本文将对相关知识进行综述,以期为临床治疗提供更加准确、可行的参考依据。     

伴有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离治疗分析

伴有脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离常伴有明显的色素膜炎和低眼压。由于其视网膜脱离范围大、ＰＶＲ进展迅速,以及伴有脉络膜脱离,手术时容易造成裂孔的遗留,致使视网膜复位手术失败。我科从１９９４年５月至１９９６年２月采用术前静脉点滴大剂量激素,脉络膜脱离复位...     

伴脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离复位术

目的 探讨伴脉络膜脱离孔源性视网膜脱离的手术方法。方法 术前不用糖皮质激素治疗。以低眼压，视网膜下液少为手术时机不放液手术。结果 手术一次性复位率91.66%，裂孔封闭后炎症消退，玻璃体改善，眼压回升，视力提高。结论 术前不同糖皮质激素治疗。有利于不放液手术和术中顶压找孔，缩短了术前等待的时间。     

Risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment in Chinese patients

AIM: To comprehensively analyze the risk factors of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with choroidal detachment (CD). METHODS: A total of 265 eyes of 265 consecutive cases of RRD were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had systemic and ophthalmologic examination. CD was diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy, B-scan ultrasonography, and ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM). Each parameter was compared between patients of RRD and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment (RRDCD). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of CD. RESULTS: There were 52 eyes (19.62%) with CD. Pseudophakia was more commonly seen in RRDCD (21.15% vs 6.10%, P=0.002). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was lower (8.60±3.62 vs 12.96±3.55, P<0.001), best-corrected visual acuity was worse [3.00 (2.00 to 3.00) vs 1.92 (1.22 to 3.00), P=0.001], and refractive error was more myopic [-4 (-9 to -2) vs -2 (-6 to 0), P=0.007] in RRDCD. Eyes with RRDCD had larger extent of retinal detachment (P=0.007). In RRDCD, 34.62% of eyes presented with multiple holes (P=0.044) and 25.00% with macular holes (P=0.012), compared with 20.66% and 14.08% in RRD. High myopia (P=0.039), low IOP (P=0.017), and larger extent of retinal detachment (P<0.001) were significant and independent risk factors for developing CD. CONCLUSION: For CD in RRD, related factors include BCVA, IOP, lens status, refractive error, extent of retinal detachment, number of holes, and macular hole. Larger extent of retinal detachment, high myopia, and low IOP are significant and independent risk factors.     

Macular hole as a risk factor of choroidal detachment in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

PURPOSE: Choroidal detachment (CD) associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a rare, but serious condition, which makes the prognosis worse. Previously reported risk factors for CD in RRD patients include high myopia, aphakia, pseudophakia, and advanced age. However, macular hole has not been discussed as an important factor in increasing the risk of CD in RRD patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate macular hole as a risk factor for CD in eyes evidencing RRD. METHODS: The medical records of 480 patients with primary RRD were reviewed. We compared the CD incidence among the RRD patients in accordance with the presence or absence of macular holes. The relationship between gender, age, presence of systemic disease, refractive errors, lens status, intraocular pressure and the development of CD were also analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence (4/21 eyes, 19.0%) of CD in the RRD with macular hole was significantly higher than that (7/459 eyes, 1.5%) observed in the RRD without macular hole (p=0.010). The preoperative intraocular pressure (mean+/-SD; 2.5+/-1.3 mmHg) in the RRD with CD and macular hole was significantly lower than that (7.4+/-4.4 mmHg) observed in the cases of RRD with CD without macular hole (p=0.035). The eyes complicated by CD evidenced a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.024) than was observed in the eyes without CD. CONCLUSIONS: The retinal detachment combined with macular hole creates a predisposition toward the development of profound hypotony and CD.     

Massive choroidal detachment masking overlying primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case series

Choroidal detachment (CD) along with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) as a presenting finding is a well-recognised association. The pathogenesis appears to revolve around the hypotony induced by the primary RRD and an unstable choroidal vascular system. We present 3 patients with massive CD with minimal or no overlying RRD, initially misdiagnosed as a CD due to other causes. Since the correct diagnosis may be delayed, such cases form a real challenge in differential diagnosis and management. The underlying cycle where the retinal defect of a primary RRD is buckled by a CD, followed by the regression of the latter and the recurrence of the RRD is demonstrated.     

孔源性视网膜脱离巩膜扣带术后持续性视网膜下液的研究进展

孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)巩膜扣带术(scleral buckle,SB)后部分患者会出现视网膜下积液延迟吸收的情况,黄斑区受累者可能对视功能的影响更显著。本文就近年来RRD术后持续性视网膜下液(persistent subretinal fluid,PSF)的流行病学、检查方法、致病因素及发病机制、治疗及预防等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗孔源性视网膜脱离

目的 探讨玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德(TA)玻璃体腔内注射治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离的临床疗效和安全性.方法 观察采用玻璃体切除联合曲安奈德玻璃体腔内注射治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离15例患者(15眼),术后不再全身应用糖皮质激素,仅给予激素眼液点眼.结果 术后随访时间6～30个月,平均(19±9.5)个月.一次手术视网膜复位率100%.术后3个月硅油取出后,2例视网膜脱离复发,1例再次剥膜充填硅油后视网膜复位;另1例放弃治疗.视网膜总复位率为93.3%(14/15).术后并发症包括:4例术后眼压升高,均局部用药控制,5例出现晶状体后囊下皮质局限性混浊.结论 玻璃体切除联合(TA)玻璃体腔内注射治疗合并脉络膜脱离的孔源性视网膜脱离,可以明显减轻术后葡萄膜炎症反应,从而减少PVR的发生,显著提高手术的成功率.     

Vitrectomy, lensectomy and silicone oil tamponade in the management of retinal detachment associated with choroidal detachment

AIM:To report the results of combined vitrectomy, lensectomy and silicone oil (SO) tamponade in treating primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with choroidal detachment (CD).METHODS:A retrospective, consecutive and case series study of 21 subjects with concurrent RRD associated with CD was conducted. All subjects underwent a standard three-port 20G pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with lensectomy and silicone oil tamponade. Mean follow-up time was 8 months (rang from 4 to 19 months). The primary and final anatomic success rate, visual acuity and final intraocular pressure(IOP) were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:Of 21 subjects, 8 were women and 13 were men. Age at presentation ranged from 22 to 75 years (mean 57.4 years). The presenting vision ranged from light perception to 0.15. The initial IOP ranged from 3mmHg to 12mmHg (mean 6.2mmHg). All eyes were phakic except one pseudophakic. No intraocular lens was implanted during the primary surgical intervention. Fifteen of 21 (71.4%) eyes had retina reattached after one operation. Six eyes had recurrent inferior retinal detachment due to proliferation. Five of them were successfully reattached after one or more additional operations. Mean IOP at final follow-up was 15.2mmHg (range from 8mmHg to 20mmHg). One case declined for further operation. The final reattachment rate was 95.2%. Visual acuity improved in 19 (90.5%) eyes, was unchanged in 1 (4.8%) eye and decreased in 1 (4.8%) eye.CONCLUSION:Combination of vitrectomy, lensectomy and silicone tamponade is an effective method in treating RRD associated with CD, reducing the incidence of postoperative hypotony.     

Increased nitric oxide (NO) pathway metabolites in the vitreous fluid of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment or diabetic traction retinal detachment

Background Nitric oxide (NO) plays a significant role in physiological and pathological processes in the retina. In the L-arginine-NO pathway, NO synthase (NOS) converts L-arginine to NO and L-citrulline. Increased NO production, mediated by inducible NOS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various vitreoretinal diseases. In the present study it is hypothesized that in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), the production of NO pathway metabolites might be upregulated.Methods Using high-pressure liquid chromatography citrulline, arginine and nitrite were measured in vitreous fluid of 93 eyes with RRD, nine eyes with a traction retinal detachment due to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and in 49 control samples of vitreous fluid from eyes without retinal detachment.Results The mean vitreous concentrations of citrulline and arginine were significantly increased in eyes with RRD (9.6±4.3 and 97.3±29.2; respectively) or in eyes with a traction retinal detachment (25.8±10.3 and 130.7±23.7; respectively) as compared to control eyes (7.1±3.2 and 75.9±18.1; respectively). The mean level of nitrite was also higher in vitreous fluid of patients with RRD (2.24±1.4) or patients with a traction retinal detachment (2.21±0.72) than in the controls (2.01±0.72), although not significantly so.Conclusions We found increased levels of NO pathway metabolites in the vitreous fluid of eyes with retinal detachment, which may reflect a possible role of NO in the pathogenesis of this disease.     

Missed retinal breaks in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM: To evaluate the causes and associations of missed retinal breaks (MRBs) and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: Case sheets of patients undergoing vitreo retinal surgery for RRD at a tertiary eye care centre were evaluated retrospectively. Out of the 378 records screened, 253 were included for analysis of MRBs and 191 patients were included for analysis of PVD, depending on the inclusion criteria. Features of RRD and retinal breaks noted on examination were compared to the status of MRBs and PVD detected during surgery for possible associations. RESULTS: Overall, 27% patients had MRBs. Retinal holes were commonly missed in patients with lattice degeneration while missed retinal tears were associated with presence of complete PVD. Patients operated for cataract surgery were significantly associated with MRBs (P=0.033) with the odds of missing a retinal break being 1.91 as compared to patients with natural lens. Advanced proliferative vitreo retinopathy (PVR) and retinal bullae were the most common reasons for missing a retinal break during examination. PVD was present in 52% of the cases and was wrongly assessed in 16%. Retinal bullae, pseudophakia/aphakia, myopia, and horse shoe retinal tears were strongly associated with presence of PVD. Traumatic RRDs were rarely associated with PVD. CONCLUSION: Pseudophakic patients, and patients with retinal bullae or advanced PVR should be carefully screened for MRBs. Though Weiss ring is a good indicator of PVD, it may still be over diagnosed in some cases. PVD is associated with retinal bullae and pseudophakia, and inversely with traumatic RRD.     

玻璃体手术制备视网膜脱离模型的实验研究

目的 探讨应用玻璃体手术制备兔孔源性视网膜脱离模型的病理特征。方法 ２５只兔（２５只眼）均采用玻璃体切割、视网膜裂孔和视网膜下腔注射的方法。制备视网膜脱离模型,排除失败的５只眼后,２０只眼术后进行视网膜电图（ＥＲＧ）和荧光眼底血管造影（ＦＦＡ）检查,并分别于术后第１、４、７天和２８天进行常规的光镜和透射电镜检查。结果 ２０只视网膜全脱离眼、随着时间的延长,视网膜外层变性萎缩,膜状物形成,视网膜皱襞