α—颗粒膜蛋白在猪皮肤撕脱务血栓形成中的作用

目的：探讨皮肤撕脱伤后α－颗粒膜蛋白的变化及在血栓形成中的作用。方法：（１）体内部分：将猪分成对照组和实验组，采用放名法测定血注板表面和血浆中α－颗粒膜蛋白含量。（２）体外部分：离体培养人脐静脉内皮细胞，通过放免法测定组胺作用下内皮细胞与白细胞之间的粘附力及ＧＭＰ－１４０单抗对其影响。结果：皮肤撕脱伤后猪血小板表面及血浆中α－颗粒膜蛋白含量增加（Ｐ〈０．０５），内皮细胞与白细胞的粘附力因α－颗粒膜     

猪皮肤撕脱伤后白细胞粘附与TNFα的关系

目的：探讨ＴＮＦα变化与皮肤撕脱伤后继发性微循环障碍的关系．方法：①体内实验：将猪分成对照组和撕脱皮瓣组,通过双抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定血浆中ＴＮＦα的含量．②体外实验：离体培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,通过放免法测定内皮细胞与白细胞之间的粘附力以及ＴＮＦα对它们的影响．结果：皮肤撕脱伤后猪血浆中的ＴＮＦα含量增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,内皮细胞与白细胞之间的粘附力也因ＴＮＦα的影响从３２．５％升高到５１．０％．结论：皮肤撕脱伤后ＴＮＦα含量的升高参与了ＰＭＮ的粘附和微循环紊乱的发生．     

猪皮肤撕脱伤后白细胞粘附TNFα的关系

目的：探讨ＴＮＦα变化与皮肤撕脱伤后继发性微循环障碍的关系。方法：（１）体内实验，将猪分成对照组和撕脱皮 抗夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ浆中ＴＮＦα的含量。（２）体外实验，培养人脐静脉内皮细胞，通过放免法测定内皮细胞与白细胞之间的粘附国以及ＴＮＦα对它们的影响。结果：皮肤撕脱伤后猪血浆中的ＴＮＦα含量的影响从３２．５％升高到５１．０％。结论：皮肤撕脱伤后ＴＮＦα的影响的升参与了ＰＭＮ的粘附和微循环紊乱的发生。     

脑梗塞急性期血浆血小板α—颗粒膜蛋白—140的含量变化

血小板活化时血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白出现在血小板浆膜表面并有部分进入血浆。ＧＭＰ－１４０为活化血小板的特异标志。应用双抗夹心放免测定法，定量测定脑梗塞急性期患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０含量，其结果表明：１．脑梗塞急性期血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０含量明显高于正常。２．脑梗塞急性期血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０含量的变化在性别间无显著性差异；３．脑梗塞急性因浆ＧＭＰ－１４０ １－６天显著增高，７－１０天开始减少，１０天以后与正常相     

抗人活化血小板单克隆抗体在脑血检诊断中的应用研究

利用抗人活化血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白（α－ｇｒａｎｕｌｅ　ｍｅｍｂｖｒａｎｅ　ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＧＭＰ－１４０）单抗ＳＺ－５１，经放免法评估２２例急性脑血栓患者体内血小板的活化程度．结果血浆内ＯＭＰ－１４０的含量在脑血栓急性期显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），缓解期恢复正常，血小板表面ＧＭＰ－１４０分子数未见显著改变。提示血浆内ＧＭＰ—１４０的浓度可作为脑血栓急性期体外诊断新的参考指标。当兔颈动脉植入人血栓并用１２５Ｉ—ＳＺ—５１作为示踪剂，４ｈ后离体血栓与血液的放射活性比值（Ｔｈｒｏｍｂｕｓ／Ｂｌｏｏｄ，Ｔ／Ｂ）高达６．８：１，而用１２５Ｉ－ＩｇＧ时，Ｔ／Ｂ值仅为１．４：１。提示单抗ＳＺ－５１在体内能与血栓结合，为脑血栓的新的体内定位诊断方法提供了一定的理论依据。     

原发性肾病综合征血浆血小板α颗粒膜蛋白水平的测定

目的：探讨血浆血小板α颗粒膜蛋白（Ｇμｐ－１４０）水平的变化在原发性肾病综合征（ＰＮＳ）中的意义。方法：用放免法测定了２４例ＰＮＳ病人和２０例正常的血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０水平,同时测定末梢血小板（ＰＬＴ）计数、血浆凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）、血浆纤维蛋白原（Ｆｉｂ）定量、血及尿中纤维蛋白（原）降解产物（ＦＤＰ）。结果：ＰＮＳ病人血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０水平高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,同时ＰＬＴ、血浆Ｆｉｂ、尿ＦＤＰ水平明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＰＮＳ病人血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０水平与２４ｈ尿蛋白定量呈正相关（γ＝０．５６,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果：血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０水平是反映血小板活化的良好指标,血小板活化与肾小球滤过屏障损伤有关。     

急性白血病血小板膜及血浆GMP-140含量的变化

①目的探讨急性白血病血小板膜表面和血浆血小板α颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）含量的变化及其对诊断治疗的价值。②方法采用放射免疫分析法，对急性白血病病人血小板膜表面以及血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０含量进行测定。③结果急性白血病病人血小板膜ＧＭＰ－１４０含量明显高于正常对照组（ｔ′＝１３．３５，Ｐ＜０．０１），而处于完全缓解期的急性白血病病人血小板膜ＧＭＰ－１４０含量低于初治期的病人（Ｆ＝３．２２，ｑ＝５．７６，Ｐ＜０．０１），其血浆中ＧＭＰ－１４０的含量则与此相反。④结论ＧＭＰ－１４０的检测有助于急性白血病的诊断及治疗效果观察。     

高血压病患者GMP—140和TXB2测定

目的：了解血小板α颗粒膜蛋白１４０和血浆血栓烷Ｂ２与高血压病的关系。方法：观察３３例高血压病患者和２２例正常的人ＧＭＰ－１４０在血小板膜表面的分子数和血浆中的含量，并测定ＴＸＢ２含量。结果：发现高血压患者血小板膜表面ＧＭＰ－１４０分子数和血浆中ＧＭＰ０－１４０含量，血浆ＴＸＢ２显著高于正常对照组。未发现ＧＭＰ－１４０与ＴＸＢ２在高血压病患者异常变化中的线性相关性。结论：提示二者在高血压病中可能有不     

缺血性脑血管病血浆GMP-140浓度的观察

目的观察缺血性脑血管病患者血浆α－颗粒膜蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）浓度的变化。方法用放射免疫法测定了３２例缺血性脑血管病患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０的浓度。结果脑梗塞患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度高于短暂性脑缺血发作组及正常对照组；短暂性脑缺血发作组的ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度高于正常对照组。结论缺血性脑血管病患者血小板活化亢进。     

偏头痛患者血浆血小板α颗粒膜蛋白和血小板细胞游离钙离子浓度的观察

目的观察偏头痛患者血浆血小板α颗粒膜蛋白１４０（ＧＭＰ－１４０）及血小板胞浆游离钙离子浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的变化。方法应用放射免疫法测定ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度，应用荧光标记示踪法测定血小板［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ。结果偏头痛患者血浆ＧＭＰ－１４０浓度及［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ均高于正常对照组。结论偏头痛患者血小板功能亢进，其机制与血小板钙超载有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.