牡蛎壳／消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨修复兔桡骨缺损的实验研究

目的观察牡蛎壳／消旋聚乳酸复合人工骨（OPCB）修复兔桡骨节段性骨缺损的成骨能力,同时观察其在体内的生物相容性、降解情况,并评价其性能。方法应用热致相分离法（TIPS）分别制得OPCB及纯消旋聚乳酸（PDLLA）多孔材料;将27只成年新西兰白兔随机分成3组。制作1．2cm的双侧桡骨干缺损并植入上述两种材料。设立不植入任何材料的空白对照组。观察材料植入后动物的局部及全身反应。于术后6、12、侣周分别取材。作X线、大体标本及组织形态学观察,同时观察术后不同时期的组织反应、材料的降解、骨缺损的修复情况。结果OPCB及纯PDLLA植入动物体内无明显的局部不良反应,且OPCB材料修复骨缺损的能力明显强于纯PDLLA及空白对照组（P〈0．05）。术后18周时,植入OPCB材料的骨缺损基本修复,OPCB与宿主骨结合紧密;植入纯PDLLA材料的骨缺损部分修复;空白对照组则骨缺损断端只有少量骨生成。形成骨不连。同时OPCB材料植入后在6、12周分别可见吞噬有材料的巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞．18周时仍有部分复合材料未降解吸收。结论OPCB材料具备良好的生物相容性及骨缺损修复能力,是一种良好的骨组织工程修复材料。     

氧化铝羟基磷灰石复合陶瓷修复兔桡骨节段性缺损的影像学观察

目的 评价放电等离子烧结技术制备的氧化铝羟基磷灰石复合陶瓷修复兔桡骨节段性缺损的效果.方法 选新西兰白兔15只,制作10mm长的桡骨节段性缺损模型,分为实验组:15个肢体,骨缺损区植入氧化铝羟基磷灰石复合陶瓷人工骨材料;空白对照组:6个肢体,骨缺损区旷置;自体骨对照组:6个肢体,骨缺损区植入自体骨.术后1d,8、16、24周分别进行X线摄片观察,运用ImageTool图像处理软件,进行点像素测定,24周进行扫描电镜观察.结果 实验组:氧化铝羟基磷灰石复合陶瓷人工骨植入兔桡骨缺损区8周即有新生骨形成,24周材料与骨组织连接在一起,缺损区得以修复.空白组:8周时缺损区有少量骨痂,24周时修复缺损区约1/2;自体骨植人组:8周时骨断端完全被骨痂包绕,24周时缺损区骨完全修复.像素测量结果显示三组间骨修复速度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);重复测量资料的方差分析P=0.007,说明随着时间的延长骨组织密度增加.实验组材料两端修复界面新生骨与皮质骨的X射线摄片像素值进行比较:术后1d,8、16周P<0.05,24周P>0.05.说明术后24周前材料两端界面在不断修复,24周时完全修复.扫描电镜摄片示:实验组兔植入材料被新骨组织环形包绕与骨组织镶嵌,皮质骨与界面骨之间形成骨髓腔;在材料表面凹陷中骨细胞环状排列形成骨单位.结论 证实采用放电等离子烧结技术制备的氧化铝羟基磷灰石复合陶瓷材料能够修复新西兰兔桡骨节段性缺损,具有良好的生物活性和骨传导性.     

消旋聚乳酸/羟基磷灰石/脱钙骨基质人工骨修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损的实验研究

目的研制理想的,能够修复大段骨缺损的人工骨材料。方法采用乳液共混法将消旋聚乳酸(PDLLA)、羟基磷灰石(HA)、脱钙骨基质(DBM)结合,制成PDLLA/HA/DBM人工骨,并将PDLLA/HA/DBM和PDLLA进行兔桡骨大段骨缺损修复的对比研究。术后2、4、8和12周时摄X片及病理形态学观察及新骨形成定量分析。结果PDLLA/HA/DBM人工骨内新骨形成量明显多于PDLLA及空白对照组(P<0.01),且能够有效修复骨缺损。结论PDLLA/HA/DBM人工骨能促进长骨大段骨缺损的修复,是一种较理想的骨修复材料。     

珍珠层人工骨复合成骨细胞修复兔桡骨缺损的成骨作用

由创伤、感染、肿瘤及先天性因素引起的四肢长骨节段性骨缺损的修复，是矫形外科及材料学科所面临的难题之一。治疗方法较多。有游离的和带血管的自体骨、异体骨、异种骨、生物材料和组织工程骨移植。但由于自体骨来源有限。异体骨、异种骨有传播疾病、免疫排斥反应之虞。单用人工骨因骨诱导活性不足或缺乏，临床应用均受到很大限制。组织工程骨移植是骨修复重建的热点和难点，代表未来骨缺损修复的发展方向。生物衍生成骨材料珍珠层骨诱导作用不肯定。在体内主要借助骨传导方式，通过“爬行替代”作用成骨。为加快成骨速度，改善成骨效果，我们采用珍珠层人工骨复合同种异体OBs。修复新西兰白兔桡骨节段性骨缺损。观察其疗效。     

同种异体兔骨髓间充质干细胞复合纳米晶胶原基骨修复胫骨缺损的实验研究

目的 探讨同种异体兔骨髓间充质干细胞(marrow mensenchymal stem cells,MSCs)与纳米晶胶原基骨(nano-hydroxyapa-tite/collagen,NHAC)修复材料构建的组织工程骨修复兔胫骨缺损的可行性.方法 24只新西兰大白兔胫骨中段形成10mm长的骨缺损,右侧骨缺损处植入组织工程骨作为实验组,左侧骨缺损处植入单纯NHAC作为对照组.术后3、6、9、12wk分批处死动物,行一般情况、缺损区大体观察、X线、组织学染色分析等指标检测,行统计学分析,比较各组修复骨缺损的效果.结果 24只新西兰大白兔均进入结果分析.①术后一般情况:各组兔术后恢复及进食均正常,伤口无炎症反应,愈合良好.②大体观察:实验组术后6wk骨缺损部分修复,9、12wk骨缺损完全修复,3、6、9、12wk骨缺损修复情况明显好于对照组.③X线:实验组缺损区术后3wk可见有骨痂生长,9wk骨缺损基本修复,对照组术后12wk缺损区基本修复,各观察时间点实验组骨缺损修复情况明显好于对照组.④组织学染色:实验组缺损区新生类骨样组织、编织骨和板状骨出现的时间较对照组早,并且不经软骨介导即可直接成骨,而对照组以"爬行替代"方式修复骨缺损.结论 同种异体兔MSCs复合NHAC修复骨缺损的能力较单纯NHAC强且迅速,能够对大段骨缺损进行快速有效的修复.     

SF／PLCL 纺丝材料复合骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔桡骨骨缺损的实验研究

目的:研究SF/PLCL纺丝材料复合骨髓间充质干细胞修复兔桡骨骨缺损的能力。方法:取兔骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)并制成BMSCs/藻酸钙水凝胶。选择8只6月龄雄性新西兰兔,于双侧桡骨中段制备15 mm大段骨缺损模型。其中实验组双侧植入SF/PLCL后注入BMSCs/藻酸钙水凝胶;对照组单纯行双侧桡骨缺损手术。所有兔于术后12周行CT检查观察骨缺损修复情况,之后处死兔,大体及组织学观察骨修复情况。结果:术后12周CT及组织学检查显示:实验组纺丝材料塌陷,材料部分降解,纤维细胞长入材料内部;骨缺损断端有骨组织沿套管材料生长,但骨缺损未完成桥接。对照组缺损区域软组织填充,骨缺损断端封闭。结论:SF/PLCL套管材料虽具有良好的生物相容性,但尚不足以用于修复兔桡骨骨缺损,其成骨能力及降解能力有待进一步提升。     

纳米羟基磷灰石复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2人工骨治疗骨缺损的研究

目的以纳米羟基磷灰石(Nano-HA)为载体支架,复合重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)构建NanoHA复合rhBMP-2人工骨(Nano-HA/rhBMP-2复合人工骨),植入兔桡骨缺损,探讨Nano-HA/rhBMP-2复合人工骨局部成骨活性及修复兔桡骨骨缺损的能力,为临床骨缺损治疗提供理论依据。方法将36只成年的新西兰雄性大白兔随机分为Nano-HA/rhBMP-2复合人工骨组(A组)、Nano-HA人工骨组(B组)、空白组(C组)3组,每组12只,制作成桡骨为12mm的骨缺损模型。A组植入Nano-HA/rhBMP-2复合人工骨;B组植入Nano-HA人工骨,C组不植入任何材料。植入后于4、8、12周行大体观察、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)检测、X线摄片、组织学观察及生物力学检测。结果 1)与术前比较,3组ALP含量术后4周均明显升高(P<0.05),术后8周达最高峰(P<0.05),之后开始下降,在12周时ALP含量均较术前显著升高(P<0.05);3组术后4、8、12周ALP含量比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2)X线片表现:术后12周A组植入材料完全降解,骨皮质连接完成,骨缺损完全修复;B组材料大部分降解,有大量骨密度影,有大量骨痂形成,骨髓腔基本再通,骨缺损大部分修复;C组骨折断端光滑硬化吸收,无骨质长入,骨髓腔封闭,形成骨不连。3组术后4、8、12周Lane-Sandhu X线骨形成评分A组>B组>C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3)组织学表现:术后12周A组材料完全降解,大量的板层骨形成,骨痂完成塑形,骨缺损修复;B组材料大部分降解及密质骨形成,有大量新生骨组织,骨缺损大部分修复;C组骨缺损断端大量的纤维组织形成,未见新骨形成,断端骨不连。3组术后4、8、12周Lane-Sandhu组织学骨形成评分A组>B组>C组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4)三点抗弯生物力学检测A组标本术后4、8、12周均显著高于B组(P<0.05)。结论 Nano-HA/rhBMP-2复合人工骨比Nano-HA人工骨具有更强的成骨能力,明显缩短了骨缺损愈合时间。Nano-HA/rhBMP-2复合人工骨在修复长骨骨缺损方面具有潜在的临床价值,为临床骨缺损修复材料的选择提供了理论依据。     

同种异体兔骨髓间充质干细胞复合纳米晶胶原基骨修复胫骨缺损的实验研究

目的探讨同种异体兔骨髓间充质干细胞（marrow mensenchymal stem cells，MSCs）与纳米晶胶原基骨（nano—hydroxyapatite／collagen，NHAC）修复材料构建的组织工程骨修复兔胫骨缺损的可行性。方法24只新西兰大白兔胫骨中段形成10mm长的骨缺损，右侧骨缺损处植入组织工程骨作为实验组，左侧骨缺损处植入单纯NHAC作为对照组。术后3、6、9、12wk分批处死动物，行一般情况、缺损区大体观察、X线、组织学染色分析等指标检测，行统计学分析，比较各组修复骨缺损的效果。结果24只新西兰大白兔均进入结果分析。①术后一般情况：各组兔术后恢复及进食均正常，伤口无炎症反应，愈合良好。②大体观察：实验组术后6wk骨缺损部分修复，9、12wk骨缺损完全修复，3、6、9、12wk骨缺损修复情况明显好于对照组。③X线：实验组缺损区术后3wk可见有骨痂生长，9wk骨缺损基本修复，对照组术后12wk缺损区基本修复，各观察时间点实验组骨缺损修复情况明显好于对照组。④组织学染色：实验组缺损区新生类骨样组织、编织骨和板状骨出现的时间较对照组早，并且不经软骨介导即可直接成骨，而对照组以“爬行替代”方式修复骨缺损。结论同种异体兔MSCs复合NHAC修复骨缺损的能力较单纯NHAC强且迅速，能够对大段骨缺损进行快速有效的修复。     

牦牛骨形态发生蛋白及其与陶瓷化异种骨复合修复兔桡骨缺损的实验研究

本实验采用yBMP和yBMP/CBB材料,修复1.5cm长的兔桡骨缺损。分yBMP和yBMP/CBB二个实验组。材料植入20天,缺损区均分别生成多量软骨及交织骨。40天,大量交织骨生成,其间出现骨髓组织。60天,板层骨增多。80天,板层骨进一步成熟,骨缺损修复。与之对照,空白组各期仅见两端形成交织骨。这表明:yBMP及yBMP/CBB对骨缺损的修复作用非常显著。     

血管化对聚酯/钙磷盐支架修复兔桡骨缺损及支架降解的影响

目的:探索应用生长因子促进骨移植材料血管化的方法,检验血管化对新骨形成及移植物降解等方面的影响。方法:分别采用复合bBM P+bFGF及单纯复合bBM P的聚酯/钙磷盐载体材料(PLGA/TCP)修复兔桡骨15mm缺损,通过量化评价、影像学、组织学、材料降解及骨密度评价血管化对聚酯/钙磷盐载体材料修复兔桡骨缺损效果的影响。结果:术后12W时各组骨缺损均有不同程度的愈合,但复合bBM P+bFGF组与单纯复合bBM P组相比较,各检测指标均有显著性差异,加入血管化因素bFGF可明显提高骨缺损部位的血管化程度,加快骨缺损修复速度及材料降解速度。结论:加入bFGF作为血管化影响因素后,用PLGA/TCP材料修复兔桡骨缺损,骨缺损处的血管化程度有一定程度的提高,并相应的加速了骨修复速度及材料降解速度。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.