中高危老年乳腺癌患者改良根治术后放疗的意义

目的 探讨中高危老年(≥65岁)乳腺癌患者改良根治术后放疗(PMRT)的意义.方法 收集874例改良根治术后中高危乳腺癌患者的临床资料,回顾性分析不同年龄组患者接受PMRT的情况和PMRT的作用,其中T3～T4和(或)N2～N3为高危组,T1～T2N1为中危组.结果 ≥65岁的患者108例,占12.4%.与＜65岁的患者相比,≥65岁的患者中,病理学分级为Ⅲ级、N3、高危和化疗患者所占的比例低,而合并其他疾病和有恶性肿瘤史者所占的比例高.≥65岁的患者中,中危组和高危组患者接受放疗的比例分别为15.3%和52.2%;＜65岁的患者中,中危组和高危组患者接受放疗的比例分别为18.1%和82.7%.≥65岁的患者中,中危组放疗和未放疗者的5年局部区域复发率分别为0和14.2%(P=0.242),5年总生存率分别为100%和75.2%(P=0.159);高危组放疗和未放疗者的5年局部区域复发率分别为0和14.1%(P=0.061),5年总生存率分别为84.6%和77.4%(P=0.597).＜65岁的患者中.中危组放疗和未放疗者的5年局部区域复发率分别为0和9.9%(P=0.035),5年总生存率分别为87.0%和82.1%(P=0.739);高危组放疗和未放疗者的5年局部区域复发率分别为7.2%和26.1%(P=0.000),5年总生存率分别为79.2%和57.7%(P=0.000).结论 不同年龄的中危组患者实施PMRT的比例相仿,但对于高危组患者,接受PMRT的比例随着患者年龄的增长而降低.高危老年乳腺癌患者实施PMRT可能可以降低局部区域复发率,应支持放疗.     

同步放化疗与新辅助化疗联合手术加辅助放疗治疗Ⅱb期宫颈癌的对比分析

目的:分析比较根治性放疗联合双药同步化疗与新辅助化疗联合根治性子宫切除术加术后辅助放疗治疗FIGO Ⅱb宫颈癌的复发转移率,无进展生存期(PFS),总生存期(OS),不良反应及预后影响因素.方法:回顾性分析2008年9月至2013年12月期间中南大学湘雅二医院肿瘤中心及妇科收治的初治FIGO Ⅱb期宫颈癌患者,共计91例.按照治疗方式分为两组:①同步放化疗组49例:根治性放疗联合双药同步化疗,3周方案连续4至6周期;②新-术-放疗组42例:先予以2至3周期新辅助化疗,然后行根治性子宫切除及盆腔淋巴结清扫术加术后辅助放疗.比较两种治疗方式的疗效及不良反应有无差异,并通过Cox回归模型分析影响预后的因素.结果:同步放化疗组和新-术-放疗组5年无进展生存率分别为80.8%、74.6%,总生存分别为85.6%、81.8%,两组间5年无进展生存率及总生存差异均无统计学意义(分别为P=0.43和P=0.62).同步放化疗组随访期间6例患者(12.24%)出现死亡,新-术-放疗组7例(16.67%)患者死亡,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.55).同步放化疗组2例(4.08%)患者出现复发和(或)转移,新-术-放疗组4例(9.52%)出现复发和(或)转移,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.42).Ⅲ-Ⅳ级近期毒副反应同步放化疗组出现3例(6.12%),新-术-放疗组出现2例(4.76%),两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=1);远期毒副反应中,无Ⅲ级及以上的慢性放射性反应发生,同步放化疗组4例(8.16%)患者出现放射性肠炎,新-术-放疗组同样4例(9.52%)患者出现放射性肠炎,另外2例(4.76%)患者出现下肢水肿,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.50).Cox回归比例风险模型分析肿瘤直径大于4 cm是无进展生存期和总生存期的预后不良因素(P均<0.05).结论:同步放化疗与新辅助化疗联合根治性手术加术后辅助放疗治疗FIGO Ⅱb期宫颈癌的复发转移率、无进展生存期及总生存期无统计学意义(P>0.05).同步放化疗与新辅助化疗联合根治性手术加术后辅助放疗治疗FIGO Ⅱb期宫颈癌的近期及远期毒性反应无统计学意义(P>0.05).     

食管癌患者三维适形放疗联合化疗的疗效分析

[目的]分析联合化疗对食管癌三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)疗效的影响。[方法]回顾性分析351例经病理确诊的食管癌患者临床资料,其中258例接受3D-CRT,93例接受3D-CRT联合化疗,比较这两种方法对食管癌的治疗效果。全组总放疗剂量40～72Gy,中位剂量66Gy,常规分割。3D-CRT联合化疗组放疗期间接受PF方案化疗2个周期,部分患者再接受1～2个周期PF方案辅助化疗。[结果]3D-CRT联合化疗组和3D-CRT组的1、2、3年总生存率分别为77.7%、55.4%、44.4%和68.4%、41.4%、32.7%(χ2=5.777,P=0.016),1、2、3年疾病相关生存率分别为79.8%、58.1%、46.5%和70.6%、44.4%、36.0%(χ2=4.445,P=0.035),1、2、3年无复发生存率分别为66.9%、48.3%、41.3%和57.6%、36.9%、29.9%(χ2=4.043,P=0.044)。单因素和因素分析均显示性别、病灶部位和联合化疗是影响预后的重要因素。3D-CRT联合化疗组治疗急性毒性高于3D-CRT组,但均不影响治疗进程,无治疗相关性死亡。[结论]联合化疗能显著提高食管癌患者3D-CRT的总生存率、疾病相关生存率和无复发生存率。女性患者、病灶位于颈段或胸上段和接受联合化疗者有较好的预后。     

非小细胞肺癌术后T4分期放化疗临床分析

目的评价非小细胞肺癌T4患者手术切除后放化疗的临床效果.方法88例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者接受手术,术后病理证实为T4,术后14例未接受放疗或化疗(S组),37例患者接受了辅助化疗(POCT组),37例患者接受了联合放化疗(POCRT组).我们回顾性分析了他们的临床转归.结果随访时间为52个月～124个月(中位时间83个月).总体5年生存率为15.7%,S组、POCT组、POCRT组患者分别为0%,10.8%,26.8%(P=0.000).总体5年无进展生存率12.7%,S组、POCT组、POCRT组患者分别为0%,8.5%和21.6%(P=0.008).对于病理证实无癌残留的患者,S组、POCT组、POCRT组5年生存率分别为0%、11.8%、50%(P=0.01),5年无进展生存率分别为0%、6.5%、42.9%(P=0.012).结论非小细胞肺癌T4术后联合放化疗可以明显提高生存率.     

原发性食管小细胞癌47例预后分析

目的:探讨局限期原发性食管小细胞癌的治疗和预后.方法:回顾性分析1989年5月-2006年3月期间在本院接受手术治疗的47例原发性食管小细胞癌的临床资料.结果:47例患者均接受了手术治疗,其中部分患者还接受了术后化疗和(或)放疗,全组患者的中位生存时间为10.3个月,1、3、5年的生存率分别为42.2%、12.1%和4.6%.单纯手术组的中位生存时间为8.2个月,术后化疗组和术后联合放、化疗组的预后要优于单纯手术组(P=0.000和P=0.038),单纯手术组与术后放疗组的生存比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.081).多因素分析显示临床分期是影响患者预后的主要因素(P=0.003).结论:手术联合放、化疗或化疗是治疗局限期原发性食管小细胞癌的主要手段,有助于延长患者的生存期.     

放疗联合紫杉醇奈达铂同期化疗治疗食管癌的临床分析

目的:评价同期放化疗治疗无法手术食管癌的近期、远期疗效及毒副反应.方法:回顾性分析我院2007年5月-2009年7月的150例患者,其中80例接受单纯放疗(RT),70例接受放疗联合紫杉醇及奈达铂化疗(RCT).放疗前9天开始TP方案化疗(紫杉醇70mg/m2,d1,8;奈达铂20mg/m2,d1-4),21天为一周期,放疗前后共计化疗4周期.结果:治疗结束后7个月,同期放化疗组完全缓解率明显高于单纯放疗组(64.29％ vs 42.5％,x2=7.11,P=0.008),同期放化疗与单纯放疗的临床有效率分别为87.14％和73.75％(x2=4.19,P=0.04).1、2、3年局部控制率同期放化疗分别为75.71％、67.14％、37.14％;单纯放疗组为67.50％、48.75％、22.50％;两组患者2、3年局部控制率差异有统计学意义.同期放化疗患者1、2、3年生存率分别为68.57％、38.57％、31.45％,而单纯放疗组的1、2、3年生存率分别为53.75％、32.50％、15.0％,两组患者3年生存率差异有统计学意义(x2=5.75,P=0.02).同期放化疗组骨髓抑制及放射性食管炎反应较单纯放疗组明显,两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:放疗同期联合紫杉醇奈达铂化疗治疗不能手术的食管癌近期疗效及局部控制率较好,可提高远期生存率,但毒副反应较明显,有待临床进一步研究.     

高分级神经胶质瘤112例术后放、化疗疗效及其预后分析

目的:回顾性分析高分级神经胶质瘤术后常规放疗加调强适形放疗(intensity modulated radiation therapy,IMRT)联合化疗的疗效及其预后因素.方法:2004年11月-2006年11月共112例高分级神经胶质瘤术后患者接受常规放疗加IMRT联合化疗.放疗方案为前程常规放疗加后程IMRT 2个阶段,总剂量57.5～62.5 Gy(27～29次,37～45 d).所有患者均接受化疗,其中63例为替莫唑胺方案,49例为司莫司汀加替尼泊苷方案.记录治疗反应,计算总体生存率和无局部进展生存率.应用COX回归模型进行多因素预后分析.结果:本组患者急性不良反应多为1～2级,无4级以上反应,有3例发生后期放射性脑坏死.1、2和3年总体生存率分别为78.9%、54.7%和30.8%,多因素分析显示影响总体生存率的独立预后因素是病灶部位(P=0.001)和KPS评分(P=0.011).1、2和3年无局部进展生存率分别为63.8%、38.9%和10.5%,多因素分析显示影响无局部进展生存率的独立预后因素是病灶部位(P=0.001)、KPS评分(P=0.001)和病理类型(P=0.005).多因素分析未显示替莫唑胺方案化疗与预后有显著相关性.结论:术后常规放疗加IMRT联合化疗治疗高分级神经胶质瘤可以获得较为理想的近期临床疗效,治疗后不良反应可以耐受.KPS评分、病灶部位和病理类型是重要的预后因素,替莫唑胺化疗与预后无明显相关性.     

中晚期食管癌三维适形放疗联合同期化疗的临床观察

目的:观察三维适形放疗联合同期化疗治疗中晚期食管癌的毒副反应与临床疗效.方法:62例符合入组条件的中晚期食管癌患者接受三维适形放疗及同期化疗.放疗处方剂量60 Gy/30次,化疗选择LFP方案,观察患者的治疗完成情况、放化疗毒副反应及临床疗效.结果:1)61例患者如期完成放疗,化疗完成≥3个周期者29例,完成2个周期者18例,仅完成1个周期者15例.2)治疗的急性毒性反应主要为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应,其中胃肠道反应总发生率为79.03%(49/62),白细胞减少总发生率为80.65%(50/62),急性放射性食管炎总发生率为80.65%(50/62),其中以1级和2级占88.00%(44/50).急性放射性肺炎的总发生率为38.71%(24/62),其中1级占54.17%(13/24).3)全组患者1、2和3年局控率分别为89.97%、70.66%和70.66%,1、2和3年生存率分别为88.33%、55.78%和52.68%,中位生存期28个月.GTV最大横径≤4 cm组与>4 cm组1、2和3年生存率分别为96.88%、74.27%、68.08%和78.57%、34.83%、34.83%,x2=7.48,P=0.006 2.结论:三维适形放疗联合LFP方案同期治疗中晚期食管癌具有可行性,多数患者能耐受,该种治疗模式初步取得了较满意的局控率及生存率,临床疗效有提高的趋势,远处转移的控制未见改善.     

Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌同步放化疗联合辅助化疗的疗效观察

目的 探讨同步放化疗联合辅助化疗对Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的疗效.方法 选取108例Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌,分为同步放化疗联合辅助化疗组54例(研究组)和单纯放疗组54例(对照组),两组放疗方法相同.研究组于放疗前给予DDP30mg/m2,d1～3;5-FU 750mg/m2,d1～3.化疗结束1～3d开始放疗.放疗第4周结束给予第2程化疗,放疗不间断,共2个疗程.辅助化疗于放疗结束后1～4w开始,3～4w重复1疗程,连用2个疗程.结果 研究组和对照组5年总生存率、无瘤生存率、远处转移率分别为63.0%和42.6%(P=0.034)、61.1%和3 8.9%(P=0.021)、18.5%和37.0%(P=0.032).在N3患者中,研究组和对照组的远处转移率分别为57.1%(4/7)和66.7%(4/6)(P=1.000).3级毒性反应主要表现为口咽黏膜炎,研究组和对照组分别为48.1%和27.8%(P=0.029).结论 同步放化疗联合辅助化疗可提高Ⅲ、Ⅳa期鼻咽癌的5年总生存率和无瘤生存率,减少远处转移率,但对N3患者远处转移率未显示优势.     

初治寡转移鼻咽癌患者原发灶根治性放疗疗效分析

目的 初诊寡转移鼻咽癌患者原发灶根治性放疗预后因素分析。方法 2008—2011年39例初诊寡转移鼻咽癌患者接受1~6周期化疗及原发灶根治性放疗,其中10例常规放疗,26例IMRT。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 中位随访时间38个月,1、2、3年OS和PFS分别为97%及87%、87%及65%、70%及59%。年龄、转移灶数目、诱导化疗方案、是否同步化疗均是影响生存的因素,其中≤3个转移灶患者生存率更高(P=0.023),诱导化疗包含比不含多西他赛方案生存率明显提高(P=0.041)。结论 初治寡转移鼻咽癌患者接受诱导化疗及原发灶根治性放疗后仍可获得长期生存,尤其是年龄小及转移灶数目≤3个患者。含多西紫杉醇的方案或能使患者得到更大生存获益。     

31例腹膜后恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的诊疗经验

目的　探讨腹膜后恶性纤维组织细胞瘤 (MFH)的诊疗方法。方法　回顾性分析 31例腹膜后MFH的临床病理特点、治疗方法及其预后。结果　 31例患者男性 2 2例 ,女性 9例 ,平均年龄(5 2 .7± 14 .1)岁。主要临床表现为腹部肿块和腹痛 ,肿瘤平均直径为 (14 .9± 6 .6 )cm。组织学类型以炎症型 (16例 )和车辐状多形型 (10例 )多见。术后 1,3,5年生存率为 6 1.3%± 9.8% ,31.6 %± 11.3%和 2 1.1%± 11.4 % ,中位生存期为 (17.0± 6 .3)个月。手术切除的彻底性是影响术后生存期的主要因素。结论　腹膜后MFH治疗应以手术彻底切除为主 ,联合术后放化疗 ,可延长患者生存期     

TNM因素对非小细胞肺癌治疗效果的影响

目的 探讨肺部原发肿瘤的大小、淋巴结不同区域的转移及有无远处转移对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)综合治疗效果的影响.方法 回顾性分析手术治疗的987例NSCLC患者的临床资料,将其中以手术+化、放疗的574例患者与单纯手术治疗的413例患者进行对比分析.结果 全组患者的1、3、5、10年生存率分别为87.7%、57.5%、54.6%和54.5%.其中综合治疗组的1年生存率高于单纯手术组(P<0.01).在T4患者中,手术+放疗组的5年生存率高于单纯手术组(P<0.05).在N0患者中,手术+化疗组、手术+放疗组与单纯手术组比较,1年生存率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);在N1患者中,手术+化疗组、手术+放化疗组与单纯手术组比较,1年生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在N2患者中,手术+化疗组与单纯手术组比较,1年和3年生存率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 对于NSCLC患者,以手术为主的综合治疗疗效优于单纯手术.对T4患者应加强术后局部放疗,对NO和N1患者应辅以适度化、放疗,对N2患者则应强调辅以足够的化疗.     

非小细胞肺癌侵犯胸内大血管手术与非手术预后对比分析

目的:对比常规外科手术和化疗、放射治疗肺癌侵犯胸内大血管的预后。方法:回顾性总结2000年—2002年手术切除的55例以及化疗、放疗的47例肺癌侵犯胸内大血管患者资料,对可能影响其生存率的各种因素进行分析和预后对比。结果:55例手术患者中位生存时间(median survival time,MST)为13个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为58.18%、10.91%、3.9%,47例未接受手术患者MST为16个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为65.96%、22.46%、4.29%;102例患者是否接受手术,生存率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。单因素分析分期、PS评分、化疗、放疗与预后相关,多因素分析分期、化疗、放疗是影响生存的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论:对于侵犯心脏、大血管的T4期肺癌常规手术和化疗、放疗生存相仿,正确选择病例和良好的手术技术能确保完全切除,提高生存率;术后辅助化疗、放疗有助于延长术后生存期。     

Clinical Analysis of 45 Patients with Thymic Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic factors for advanced thymic carcinoma.METHODS The data from 45 patients with advanced thymic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed according to Masaoka stage criteria. There were 29 Stage Ⅲ patients and 16 Stage Ⅳ patients (13 Stage IVA patients and 3 Stage IVB patients).According to the World Heath Organization Histological Criteria (2004), 25 cases were identified as low-grade and 20 cases were identified as high-grade. All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy. Five patients underwent gross total resection, 21patients underwent subtotal resection and 19 patients underwent biopsy alone. Forty-two patients received radiotherapy with a median dose of 60 Gy, and 37 patients underwent conventional radiotherapy, including local irradiation and expanded irradiation.Local irradiation volume covered the primary tumor bed and approximately 1-2 cm2 surrounding the tumor (according to preoperative imaging). Expanded irradiation volume covered the full mediastinal and pericardium areas (with or without prophylactic irradiation in the supraclavicular area). Five cases received stereotactic radiotherapy. Thirty-one patients were also treated with chemotherapeutics, including Cisplatin, VP-16,Endoxan, 5-FU and taxol.RESULTS The median follow-up period was 59 months. The overall 3-year survival rate was 57.8%, and the median survival was 45 months. Univariate statistical analysis showed that the histological subtype and Masaoka stage were prognostic factors.The 3-year survival rate was 61.9% in patients treated with gross total resection and 55.0% in those who underwent biopsy only. The 3-year survival rate was 59.5% in patients treated with conventional radiotherapy and 80% in those treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. The 3-year survival rate was 64.5% in patients treated with simultaneous chemotherapy and 42.9%in patients treated without simultaneous chemotherapy (P >0.05). Chemotherapy in combination with radiation treatment and surgery achieved better outcomes for Stage Ⅳ patients than radiation treatment and surgery without chemotherapy (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ thymic carcinoma, complete resection and postoperative radiotherapy or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy constitute the best treatment solution. Chemotherapy can also be used in combination to improve prognosis. For patients with Stage Ⅳ thymic carcinoma,chemotherapy is necessary.     

应用倾向评分匹配法评价ⅢA-N2期非小细胞肺癌术后放疗的价值

 目的 分析ⅢA-N2期非小细胞肺癌根治术后辅助放疗（postoperative radiotherapy, PORT）的作用。方法 收集313例非小细胞肺癌根治术后化疗后的ⅢA-N2期患者的临床资料,对PORT（+）组及PORT（-）组资料应用倾向评分匹配方法均衡组间协变量差异,观察两组生存及局控,分析术后放疗的作用及获益人群。结果 匹配后两组患者中,PORT（+）组与PORT（-）组3、5年生存率分别为76.5%、58.3%和52.1%、40.6%（P=0.162）;3、5年局部控制率分别为82.9%、73.7%和56.5%、42.4%（P=0.036）;3、5年无进展生存率分别为74.8%、65.5%和39.5%、29.6%（P=0.021）。分层分析发现术后放疗可降低隆突下淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大径≥3cm、多站转移、非跳跃转移及术前N2亚组的局部复发风险。结论 术后放疗可提高ⅢA-N2期非小细胞肺癌术后化疗后局部控制率及无进展生存率;亚组分析中隆突下淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大径≥3 cm、多站转移、非跳跃转移及术前N2者获益较大。     

促纤维增生性小圆细胞肿瘤靶向治疗的研究现状和展望

促纤维增生性小圆细胞肿瘤（desmoplastic small round cell tumor，DSRCT）为一种极罕见、高度恶性的软组织肉瘤。除偶然发现外，多数患者确诊时已为晚期。DSRCT主要发生于腹盆腔，沿腹膜表面播散，多数患者确诊时已失去手术机会。DSRCT的诊断是基于组织学检查，典型的表现为癌巢中的小圆蓝色细胞被大量的纤维增生性基质分隔开。特征性的t（11；22）（p13；q12）染色体异位产生EWSR1-WT1融合基因是DSRCT稳定存在的遗传学特点。该病预后极差，5年生存率仅约15%，主要由于肿瘤发生转移所致。DSRCT的治疗仍然具有挑战性，尽管使用了积极的治疗方法，如化疗、手术和全腹部放疗等，但60%~70%患者在2~3年内死亡。随着对DSRCT分子遗传学的研究不断深入，靶向治疗、免疫治疗等方法近年开始尝试应用于DSRCT的治疗。      

膀胱癌放疗疗效分析

目的 回顾分析局限于盆腔的肌壁浸润性膀胱癌放疗疗效及影响因素、膀胱功能保存情况及不良反应。 方法 自1999-2016年在我院接受放疗的肌壁浸润性膀胱癌患者 45例(移行细胞癌 41例)。全膀胱 ±盆腔淋巴引流区 ±局部补量放疗,膀胱中位剂量45 Gy,肿瘤局部中位剂量56 Gy,24例接受了同步化疗,14例接受了新辅助化疗,29例放疗前接受过经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术。 结果 中位随访28个月(4~101月),3年总生存率为51%,同步化放疗、单纯放疗 3年总生存率分别为64%、30%(P=0.001),有无新辅助化疗的 3年总生存率分别为59%和47%(P=0.540),放疗前有无局部电切的 3年总生存率分别为58%和43%(P=0.160),有无复发的 3年生存率分别为20%和79%(P=0.001)。局部复发 9例,远处转移 14例,放疗后≥3个月肠道损伤发生率2级 2例,泌尿道损伤发生率2级 4例、3级 2例。除 7例因膀胱肿瘤未控或放疗损伤严重影响患者膀胱功能外,其余均保持了基本正常膀胱功能。 结论 盆腔局限性肌壁浸润性膀胱癌同步化放疗可取得优于单纯放疗疗效,膀胱癌放疗后大部分患者可以保存正常膀胱功能,不良反应可接受。     

The clinical approach to desmoplastic small round cell tumor

Background and Objectives: Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an increasingly recognized entity with a historically poor prognosis. This article describes the present clinical management of these patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with 40 histologically proven cases of desmoplastic small round cell tumor diagnosed between 7/1/72 and 10/1/99. Thirty-five of these patients are the subjects of a previous report. Demographic data, mode of presentation, completeness of resection, and overall survival were assessed. Results: The overall survival from DSRCT remains very poor and in our series was 29% at three years from diagnosis. There is a significant correlation between use of intense alkylator therapy (P6 protocol), and gross total resection with improved overall survival. It is often technically feasible to remove large peritoneal masses using a tangential dissection technique. Extensive hepatic parenchymal or hilar involvement or extensive infiltration of the diaphragm in the region of the septum transversum and hepatic veins usually makes gross total resection impossible with a corresponding worsened prognosis. Conclusion: We recommend induction chemotherapy (P6) followed by aggressive surgical debulking and external beam radiotherapy for the treatment of DSRCT. Further progress will require new forms of treatment.     

Survival benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy with oral doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) following radiotherapy in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The combination of 5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy is thought to be the most effective treatment for locally unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. The outcomes, however, are far from acceptable from the viewpoint of long-term survival. We assessed the survival benefits of oral adjuvant chemotherapy with doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) following radiotherapy for patients with the disease. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive patients who underwent bypass surgery and radiotherapy for localized advanced unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas head were retrospectively reviewed in regard to disease progression and survival. Ten of the 35 patients underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR after radiotherapy in an outpatient setting. RESULTS: The 1-year survival for patients treated with radiotherapy alone was 29%. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survivals for patients treated with the adjuvant chemotherapy after radiotherapy were 50, 40, and 30%, respectively (P = 0.0069, log-rank test). The elevation of tumor markers was delayed (P = 0.0346) and local control rate was improved (P = 0.0475) in patients with chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the adjuvant chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR was a significant independent prognostic factor as well as tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: The adjuvant chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR following radiotherapy led to a significant prolongation of the survival for patients with unresectable localized pancreatic cancer.     

Treatment and prognosis of patients with intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors: a multiinstitutional retrospective analysis of 41 patients

BACKGROUND: The relative roles of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy in the management of patients with intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors have been controversial. The authors retrospectively investigated the results of different treatment regimens in patients with these tumors. METHODS: The records of 41 patients who were treated between 1981 and 2001 were reviewed. They were grouped into patients with a good prognosis (n=3), an intermediate prognosis (n=24), and a poor prognosis (n=14) based on the histology of their tumors. Fifteen patients (37%) underwent surgical resection and received radiotherapy, and 26 patients (63%) also received chemotherapy. The median follow-up of 18 patients who remained alive was 61 months (range, 14-194 months). RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial overall survival rates for patients in the good prognosis, intermediate prognosis, and poor prognosis groups were 100%, 68%, and 8%, respectively. In the analysis, histology alone had a statistically significant impact on overall survival (P<0.0001). All 3 patients in the good prognosis group were treated successfully with surgical resection and radiotherapy. In the intermediate prognosis group, the 5-year actuarial overall survival rate was 44% for patients who underwent surgical resection and received radiotherapy (n=9) and 84% for patients who also received chemotherapy (n=15; P=0.01). Patients in the poor prognosis group who underwent surgical resection and received radiotherapy (n=3) or who underwent incomplete resection and received both radiotherapy and chemotherapy (n=8) all died of disease, whereas 2 of 3 patients who underwent macroscopic total resection and received both radiotherapy and chemotherapy survived free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of patients with intracranial nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors should be based on tumor histology. For patients who had a good prognosis (mature teratoma with germinoma), surgical resection and radiotherapy were sufficient; however, for patients in the intermediate prognosis group, multimodal treatment, including surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, was effective. Conversely, for patients in the poor prognosis group, more intensive multimodal treatment, including macroscopic total resection, may improve the survival rate.