下颈椎骨折脱位伴颈髓损伤患者的预见性护理

目的 探讨下颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者的预见性护理要点.方法 在11例下颈椎骨折脱位伴颈髓损伤患者预见性护理中,加强病人及家属的心理护理术前做好相关准备同时加强并发症的预防,术后密切监测生命体征及病情变化,做好基础护理同时重视并发症的预防,加强康复训练.结果 通过各项预见性护理,11例下颈椎骨折脱位伴颈髓损伤患者中,有1例术后发生颈部血肿及时清除恢复顺利,1例肺部感染经综合治疗痊愈,1例低钠血症积极治疗后恢复正常.余无其他并发症发生.结论 良好有效的预见性护理能提高病人及家属的依从性及满意度,降低并发症及残障率,提高治愈率,促进病人康复.     

预见性护理在颅脑外伤合并颈髓损伤患者中的应用

目的 探讨预见性护理在颅脑外伤合并颈髓损伤患者中的应用效果.方法 我科2010年10月至2011年8月共收治360例颅脑外伤患者,其中51例患者合并有颈髓损伤.对患者存在颈髓损伤的风险实施预见性护理.结果 51例患者经过积极的对症治疗与护理,1例死亡,8例转骨科行颈椎手术治疗,6例行颈椎骨牵引,其余36例非手术治疗后康复出院.结论 对颅脑外伤合并颈髓损伤患者实施预见性护理,减少了意外事件的发生,减少并发症,促进了患者早日康复.     

颈髓损伤伴高位截瘫行机械通气病人的预见性护理

[目的]总结颈髓损伤伴高位截瘫行机械通气病人的预见性护理。[方法]回顾性分析4例颈髓损伤伴高位截瘫病人行机械通气期间临床护理诊断、护理措施及并发症预防。[结果]4例病人均康复出院。[结论]有预见性、针对性的实施治疗和护理,能减少突发病情变化无准备情况,减少并发症的发生。     

颅脑外伤合并颈髓损伤患者应用预见性护理效果分析

目的探讨对颅脑外伤合并颈髓损伤患者应用预见性护理的效果。方法将100例颅脑外伤并颈髓损伤患者,随机分配为2组:观察组:男30例,女20例,平均年龄为37.5岁;对照组:男32例,女18例,平均年龄为35.6岁。给予A组预见性护理程序,实行整体护理;对照组给予一般常规护理并进行阶段性对照。结果预见性护理通过严密观察患者的病情,全面周到,在一定程度上降低了患者并发症的发生。结论对颅脑外伤合并颈髓损伤患者实施预见性护理,减少了意外事件的发生,可以大大减少并发症的发生,使患者获得最佳的治疗护理效果。     

急性颈髓损伤术后预防喉水肿15例的护理

目的：探讨急性颈髓损伤术后预防喉水肿好的护理措施。方法：对15例急性颈髓损伤术后患者实施了心理护理、术前气管推移训练、术后超声雾化吸入、颈部引流管的护理及局部冷敷等护理措施。结果：发生喉水肿1例,其余患者均安全度过了危险期,有效率达93.3%。结论：及时有效的护理措施能有效的预防急性颈髓损伤术后喉水肿的发生。     

高位颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者早期预见性护理对肺部感染的影响

目的：探讨预见性护理对高位颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者肺部感染的影响。方法对15例高位颈椎骨折脱位伴颈髓损伤患者采用预见性护理,及时清除口腔分泌物、湿化气道、早期气管插管或气管切开、人工辅助咳嗽等护理措施,与同期常规护理组17例患者比较肺部感染发生率。结果通过各项预见性护理,15例高位颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者中,有3例发生肺部感染(20%),17例常规护理组中,有8例发生肺部感染(47%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论与常规护理相比,预见性护理可有效预防高位颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者肺部感染发生率,促进患者康复。     

急性颈髓损伤40例的急救护理

目的探讨急性颈髓损伤的急救护理方法。方法 40例急性外伤性颈髓损伤患者,在现场及急诊科进行急救护理,包括保持呼吸道通畅、给氧,颈部制动,正确地搬动及途中必要的护理措施等。结果 40例患者除1例途中死亡外,余均安全送达医院。结论急性颈髓损伤患者需要采取正确的护理措施,以减少途中死亡。     

急性颈髓损伤院内急救护理

目的探讨急性颈髓损伤院内急救护理及早期并发症的防治。方法对 3 4例颈髓 (C3 -5)损伤患者进行回顾性调查。结果 3 4例颈髓损伤患者经急诊救治 ,3 2例并发症得到控制 ,入院治疗 ,2例死亡。结论伤后正确处理 ,对危及生命的并发症早发现、早治疗是提高抢救成功率的关键。     

急性颈髓损伤30例的院内急救护理

目的：探讨急性颈髓损伤院内急救护理及早期并发症的防治。方法：对30例颈髓（C3～5）损伤患者进行回顾性调查。结果：30例颈髓损伤患者经急诊救治，28例并发症得到控制，入院治疗，2例死亡。结论：伤后正确处理，对危及生命的并发症早发现、早治疗是提高抢救成功率的关键。     

急性颈髓损伤并发低钠血症的护理干预

目的探讨急性颈髓损伤并发低钠血症的护理干预措施。方法回顾性分析11例急性颈髓损伤并发低钠血症患者的护理干预,包括重点监测血钠、尿量和尿钠的改变,观察患者意识状态和生命体征变化,注意早期饮食、饮水的干预,重视高热护理、心理干预,实施正确的补液、补钠和抗利尿治疗等。结果10例患者血钠均逐渐恢复正常,症状好转出院;1例患者自行出院。结论早期发现和正确及时诊断急性颈髓损伤后并发低钠血症十分重要,给予恰当的治疗及护理于预对于纠正低钠血症、改善患者的预后尤为关键。     

老年过伸性颈椎颈髓损伤的护理体会

目的：探讨老年颈椎颈髓过伸性损伤患者的护理方法。方法对我院骨科2010年1月～2014年1月28例老年颈椎颈髓过伸性损伤患者进行回顾性总结，从入院急救支持、术前准备、术后护理等方面进行分析。结果28例患者中有2例Frankel A级术后3个月未见神经功能改善，1例全瘫患者术后肺内感染死于呼吸衰竭，余26例均得到不同程度的改善和恢复。结论老年颈椎颈髓过伸性损伤患者常同时伴有老年慢性疾病，手术风险大，优质的围手术期护理可提高手术成功率，减少并发症发生，是患者顺利康复的重要保障。     

纳米粒子基因复合体应用于脊髓损伤治疗的实验研究

目的:观察壳聚糖纳米粒子胶质细胞源性神经营养因子基因复合体(CS-nano/pcD-NA3.1/GDNF)对脊髓损伤(SCI)的治疗作用.方法:Wistar大鼠170只,随机分为5组:A组(椎板切除+SCI-CS-nano/pcDNA3.1/GDNF,n=40),B组(椎板切除+SCI+GDNF基因治疗,n=40),C...     

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工硬脊膜在兔脊髓损伤模型中的应用

背景：自体组织、异体组织、动物来源的硬脊膜替代材料都难达到降低脊髓损伤后致残率与致死率的修复结果。目的：观察聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工硬脊膜修复大白兔脊髓损伤的疗效。方法：70新西兰大白兔随机分为4组：假手术组（n=10）：单纯切除椎板,不损伤脊髓;模型组（n=20）：脊髓损伤硬脊膜缺损后未进行修复;壳聚糖组（n=20）：脊髓损伤硬脊膜缺损处植入壳聚糖人工硬脊膜;复合膜组（n=20）：脊髓损伤硬脊膜缺损处植入聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工复合膜。结果与结论：脊髓损伤24h后,壳聚糖组和复合膜组运动功能评分均明显高于模型组（P〈0.01）,复合膜组运动功能评分高于壳聚糖组（P〈0.05）。脊髓损伤之后潜伏期均有明显延长,模型组、壳聚糖组、复合膜组潜伏期明显高于假手术组,在6h各组潜伏期有明显增加,在24h左右到达高峰,而后开始逐渐下降,脊髓损伤2d后模型组、壳聚糖组、复合膜组潜伏期差异无显著性意义。各组细胞凋亡率均大于假手术组（P〈0.05）,损伤后6,24h壳聚糖组和复合膜组细胞凋亡率均明显低于模型组（P〈0.05）。结果提示在大白兔脊髓损伤模型中应用聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工硬脊膜有利于脊髓损伤恢复。     

聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工硬脊膜在兔脊髓损伤模型中的应用

背景:自体组织、异体组织、动物来源的硬脊膜替代材料都难达到降低脊髓损伤后致残率与致死率的修复结果.目的:观察聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工硬脊膜修复大白兔脊髓损伤的疗效.方法:70 新西兰大白兔随机分为4 组:假手术组(n=10):单纯切除椎板,不损伤脊髓;模型组(n=20):脊髓损伤硬脊膜缺损后未进行修复;壳聚糖组(n=20):脊髓损伤硬脊膜缺损处植入壳聚糖人工硬脊膜;复合膜组(n=20):脊髓损伤硬脊膜缺损处植入聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工复合膜.结果与结论:脊髓损伤24 h 后,壳聚糖组和复合膜组运动功能评分均明显高于模型组(P<0.01),复合膜组运动功能评分高于壳聚糖组(P<0.05).脊髓损伤之后潜伏期均有明显延长,模型组、壳聚糖组、复合膜组潜伏期明显高于假手术组,在6 h 各组潜伏期有明显增加,在24 h 左右到达高峰,而后开始逐渐下降,脊髓损伤2 d 后模型组、壳聚糖组、复合膜组潜伏期差异无显著性意义.各组细胞凋亡率均大于假手术组(P<0.05),损伤后6,24 h 壳聚糖组和复合膜组细胞凋亡率均明显低于模型组(P<0.05).结果提示在大白兔脊髓损伤模型中应用聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/Ⅰ型胶原/壳聚糖人工硬脊膜有利于脊髓损伤恢复.     

Human umbilical cord blood stem cells infusion in spinal cord injury: engraftment and beneficial influence on behavior

The use of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)--a rich source of nonembryonic or adult stem cells--has recently been reported to ameliorate behavioral consequences of stroke. In this study, we tested whether human cord blood leukocytes also ameliorate behavioral impairments of spinal cord injury. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) laminectomy (without spinal cord injury) only; (2) laminectomy + cord blood infusion; (3) spinal cord injury + cord blood infused 1 day post injury; (4) spinal cord injury + cord blood infused 5 days post injury; and (5) spinal cord injury only. Spinal cord injury was induced by compressing the spinal cord for 1 min with an aneurysm clip calibrated to a closing pressure of 55 g. Open-field behavior was assessed 1, 2, and 3 weeks after intravenous injection of prelabeled human cord blood cells. Open-field test scores of spinal cord injured rats treated with human cord blood at 5 days were significantly improved as compared to scores of rats similarly injured but treated at day 1 as well as the otherwise untreated injured group. The results suggest that cord blood stem cells are beneficial in reversing the behavioral effects of spinal cord injury, even when infused 5 days after injury. Human cord blood-derived cells were observed in injured areas, but not in noninjured areas, of rat spinal cords, and were never seen in corresponding areas of spinal cord of noninjured animals. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that cord blood-derived stem cells migrate to and participate in the healing of neurological defects caused by traumatic assault.     

脊髓损伤恒河猴下肢残留跨步能力的评估

目的 观察评估脊髓损伤后恒河猴的下肢残留跨步能力。方法 成年雌性恒河猴4只,胸椎T_7-9右半侧切除脊髓组织1 cm。分别在脊髓损伤前、脊髓损伤后6周和12周,采用VICON系统进行双下肢步态测试,获取动物在跑步机上连续跨步中的双下肢步态周期时长,步长、步高、膝/踝关节角度幅值以及联动参数比值,并量化分析。结果 脊髓损伤后,恒河猴双下肢的协调性破坏,右下肢明显拖拽;左下肢步态周期时长显著增加(P < 0.001),膝/踝关节角度屈曲/伸展的幅值均显著增大( P < 0.001)。联动参数比值在脊髓损伤前后均无显著性差异( P > 0.05)。左下肢步态周期时长与步长( r= 0.838, P = 0.001)、步高(r= 0.726, P = 0.007)和踝关节角度变化幅值(r= 0.766, P = 0.004)均相关,踝关节角度变化幅值与步长呈正相关(r= 0.627, P = 0.029)。结论 脊髓损伤后恒河猴健侧肢体步态模式发生改变。健侧下肢代偿性调整运动策略,以适应患侧下肢功能的缺失。     

Exogenous administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor improves recovery after spinal cord injury

The aim of present study was to examine whether systemically delivered glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was beneficial in reversing the spinal cord injury (SCI) in a spinal cord compression model. Rats were divided into three major groups: (1) sham operation (laminectomy only); (2) laminectomy+SCI+normal saline (1ml/kg, i.v.); (3) laminectomy+SCI+GDNF (50ng/kg, i.v.). Spinal cord injury was induced by compressing the spinal cord for 1min with an aneurysm clip calibrated to a closing pressure of 55g. GDNF or saline was administered immediately after SCI via the tail vein. Behavioral tests of motor function measured by maximal angle an animal could hold to the inclined plane were conducted at days 1-7 after SCI. The triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling assay were also conducted after SCI to evaluate spinal cord infarction and apoptosis, respectively. Both GDNF and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the injured spinal cord were assayed by immunofluorescence. It was found that systemically delivered GDNF, but not vehicle solution, significantly attenuated the SCI-induced hind limb dysfunction and spinal cord infarction and apoptosis. Both GDNF and VEGF could be detected in the injury spinal cord after GDNF, but not vehicle solution, therapy. The results indicate that GDNF treatment may be beneficial in reversing hind limb dysfunction by reducing spinal cord infarction and apoptosis in a spinal cord compression model.     

移植自聚合肽纳米纤维材料与RhoA-siRNA复合物修复脊髓损伤

背景:脊髓损伤后RhoA表达增高是神经再生困难的主要原因之一,本课题在前期研究证明自聚合肽纳米纤维材料能较好地促进脊髓损伤后结构与功能修复的基础上,构建了自聚合肽纳米纤维材料与RhoA-siRNA复合材料用于修复脊髓损伤。目的:探讨自聚合肽纳米纤维材料介导siRNA干扰RhoA表达促进脊髓损伤修复。方法:54只昆明小鼠随机数字表法分为4组。假手术组仅作脊髓暴露,其他3组在切除1mm脊髓组织制备全横断脊髓损伤模型后,分别于损伤腔内填充生理盐水、自聚合肽纳米纤维支架或含有RhoA特异性siRNA复合物。通过FAM标记检测siRNA转染效率;免疫组化检测RhoA表达;免疫组化和定量分析检测再生神经纤维;行为学检测评定后肢功能恢复。结果与结论:移植FAM标记的含有RhoA特异性siRNA复合物后,在脊髓内的神经纤维及大脑皮质运动区神经元胞体内均可检测到FAM荧光信号,提示siRNA可从复合材料中释放到组织中并成功导入靶细胞。与SAPNS组和生理盐水组相比,含有RhoA特异性siRNA复合物和自聚合肽纳米纤维支架组可显著降低RhoA在神经元的表达,提高脊髓损伤区内NF阳性神经纤维的密度,促进后肢功能的恢复。结果提示通过自聚合肽纳米纤维支架的介导,含有RhoA特异性siRNA复合物能有效干扰RhoA表达,从而促进脊髓损伤的修复。     

硫酸镁对大鼠脊髓损伤的保护效应

背景已有研究证实脊髓损伤后组织及血清中镁离子含量明显下降,而镁离子下降对细胞膜离子通透性、血管调节以及继发性脊髓损伤等均有影响.目的观察大鼠脊髓损伤模型腹腔注射硫酸镁后对脊髓损伤的保护作用.设计随机对照实验.单位武汉大学人民医院骨科.材料成年健康SD大鼠48只,随机分为2组,对照组和实验组,每组24只.方法实验于2002-04/08在武汉大学人民医院骨科实验室完成.取48只大鼠建立脊髓损伤模型.对照组于脊髓损伤后1 h腹腔注射适量生理盐水;实验组于伤后1 h给予硫酸镁300 mg/kg腹腔注射.用药后4,8,24 h,每组各时相点取6只大鼠,大鼠损伤部位细胞内游离钙离子浓度,采用荧光分光光度计测定;大鼠脊髓超氧化物歧化酶活性以黄嘌呤氧化法检测;大鼠脊髓丙二醛浓度以硫代巴比妥酸法检测.评估标准以钙离子含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性增高和丙二醛含量降低表示硫酸镁对脊髓损伤有保护作用.于伤后8,24h和1周对大鼠进行斜板试验观察脊髓功能.将大鼠置于一块有纹理橡胶皮覆盖的斜板上,斜板倾斜角度从0°缓慢上升,直至大鼠不能保持原有位置5s时,读取斜板度数.每只测试3次后取均值,测量的角度增加表示脊髓功能状态有改善.主要观察指标①大鼠脊髓损伤部位细胞内游离钙离子浓度变化.②大鼠脊髓组织内超氧化物歧化酶活性与丙二醛浓度的改变.③大鼠脊髓功能观察结果.结果①两组大鼠脊髓损伤部位细胞内游离钙离子浓度变化比较术后8,24 h实验组显著低于对照组[(376.5±36.2比425.9±32.7)×10-9mol/L,(316.3±13.9比350.2±29.4)×10-9mol/L,P＜0.05].②两组大鼠脊髓组织内超氧化物歧化酶活性与丙二醛含量比较各时相点与对照组相比,实验组丙二醛水平明显下降,超氧化物歧化酶升高(P＜0.01).③两组大鼠脊髓功能观察结果实验组改善不明显,仅在1周时角度明显大于对照组[(53.3±4.3)°,(44.3±5.7)°,P＜0.05].结论脊髓损伤大鼠腹腔注射硫酸镁后,损伤区周围细胞内游离钙离子浓度明显降低,脂质过氧化产物水平改变,表明硫酸镁对实验大鼠脊髓损伤有显著的保护作用,从而减轻继发性脊髓损伤.     

Diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in acute cervical spinal column injury

The present study was conducted to evaluate the imaging capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating acute cervical spinal column injury and compare these results to that of computed tomographic (CT) imaging. Forty-nine patients undergoing MRI at a Level I and regional spinal cord trauma center to evaluate cervical spinal column injury were studied. Seventy-one injuries were identified by MRI. These injuries were classified as osseous (fracture/dislocation) (n = 21), disc herniation (n = 29), and spinal cord injury (edema/contusion/transection) (n = 21). Diagnostic imaging results in 33 of the 49 patients undergoing both MRI and CT were compared. CT demonstrated 22 fracture/dislocations compared to 10 on MRI. MRI demonstrated 19 disc protrusions compared to 7 on CT. Additionally, MR imaged 13 cord injuries as compared to 0 by CT. MR imaging proved superior in demonstrating spinal cord pathology and intervertebral disc herniation. CT was superior to MRI in demonstrating osseous injury. CT and MRI may be useful together in determining presence and extent of spinal column injury.