Effect of the adaptation of the food of the hospitalized child on the cover of the nutritional needs]

AIMS: Denutrition remains a major concern in hospitalized children. Daily experience suggests that the meals proposed by hospital dietetic service, although well-balanced and in accordance with the recommendations, may be poorly accepted and consumed by children. The aims of this study were to assess the effect of modification of foods offer on energy intakes as well as nutriments and minerals and trace elements in hospitalized children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 1-month period, 25 consecutive children (range 4-17 years; 13 girls), hospitalized in our pediatric department were included in the study (reasons for hospitalisation comprised: medical reasons [n=7], orthopedic problem [n=16] or surgery [n=2]). They had no restricted diet and received the usual pediatric hospital feeding according to the French recommended dietary allowances (RDA) (D1). They were compared to 21 children--matched for age, sex, nutritional status and pathology, hospitalized during the following 1-month period--who received a modified diet (D2), elaborated by dieticians according to the child's preference and excluded or limited food usually nonconsumed by the children. Food consumption was prospectively measured for 24h by analysis of the nonconsumed foods, as well as browsing and extra food brought by the family. Analysis of energy, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, iron and calcium intake was made using Bilnut 3 software (Nutrisoft, France). RESULTS: D2 covered 119+/-37% of the median energy needs versus 89+/-37% for D1 (p<0.05). The median energy needs were more often reached with D2 as compared to D1 (62% versus 32%, p<0.05). Protein intake was high in both groups, more importantly with D2 (266+/-111% of RDA versus 193+/-77% with D1, p<0.05). We observed no difference between the 2 diets in regards of fat/carbohydrate balance and iron intake. Calcium intake was increased with the adapted diet: 68+/-26% of RDA with D2 versus 49+/-26% with D1 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Adapting food offers to preference influences food and caloric intakes in hospitalized children. This could be an efficient strategy to prevent acute undernutrition in hospital.     

关节内侧间隙测量对髋关节脱位术后稳定性的预测

目的探讨关节内侧间隙测量对髋关节脱位术后稳定性的预测意义。方法分析2004～2007年本院10例髋关节再脱位患儿以及随机抽取的50例术后未发生再脱位患儿的影像学资料,对其术后1d、1周、1．5个月、3个月、4个月、5个月、6个月骨盆平片进行患侧髋关节内侧间隙值OA以及泪滴至髋臼外缘的距离OA的测量,并采用D值（D=OA／OA）进行标准化处理。结果无再脱位组D值基本小于0．8。其中30例采用髋关节外展支具,未出现再脱位,D值位于0．66～0．8之间;脱位组在石膏同定期间,D值基本小于0．7,此时股骨头位于髋臼内,未出现脱位;术后6周至3个月拆除石膏后,D值为0．66．0．8,未采取措施,相继出现脱位,此时D值基本大于0．8。结论测量关节内侧间隙对于评价髋关节脱位术后关节的稳定性以及预测早期再脱位有重要意义。D值小于0．66,关节稳定,不会出现再脱位;D值为0．66～0．8,关节稳定性受到影响,可能出现再脱位,需尽早采取干预措施;D值大于0．8,出现再脱位,简单保守治疗措旆失去作用．需再次手术蚕新复位。     

Flaws in the assessment of the best interests of the newborn

We examined the literature on ethical decisions regarding neonates, to assess whether personal beliefs and prejudices influence end-of-life decisions taken by caregivers. Studies show that religion and familiarity with disability influence caregivers' decisions, whereas the influx of already being a parent, age, sex and professional experience is controverse. Caregivers' attitudes towards end-of-life decisions are also affected by personal concerns about litigation, prejudices and their view of disability. The concept of 'poor quality of life' is widely used as a reference in end-of-life decisions, but this can be interpreted differently, leaving room for a wide range of personal viewpoints. In most cases, parents' opinions are considered important and are sometimes the main determinant in decision making. However, it is unclear whether parents' decisions are based on their own wishes or on the best interests of the newborn.
Conclusion: In neonatal end-of-life decisions, patients may not receive cures based only on their best interests.     

小儿睾丸恶性生殖细胞瘤的回顾性分析

目的：探索小儿睾丸恶性生殖细胞瘤合理的治疗方案。方法：I期无高危因素18例行睾丸高位切除术后密切随访（A组）;I期有高危因素和Ⅱ期31例分为13例行睾丸切除加腹膜后淋巴结清扫加不规则化疗（B组）,10例行睾丸切除加腹膜后淋巴结清扫加规则化疗（C组）,8例行睾丸切除加规则化疗（D组）。结果：A组、B组间生存率差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,B组与C组、D组间生存率差异有显著性意义（P＜0．05）,C组、D组间生存率差异无显著性意义（P＞0．05）。结论：年龄小、分期早预后好,I期有高危因素及Ⅱ期者应行与化疗的综合治疗,有效联合化疗可代替常规腹膜后淋巴结清扫。     

降钙素原对新生儿脓毒症诊断价值的Meta分析

目的 探讨降钙素原（PCT）对新生儿脓毒症的诊断价值。方法 检索Cochrane 图书馆、PubMed、Ovid、Springer数据库、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库（1990年1月至2009年10月）中的文献,按照诊断试验的纳入标准筛选文献,提取纳入研究的特征信息（研究背景、设计信息和诊断参数信息）。数据分析采用Meta-DiSc 1.4和SPSS 12.0软件,检验异质性,并根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型。对所有研究予以加权定量合并,计算敏感度、特异度及其95%CI。绘制汇总受试者工作特征（SROC）曲线,并计算曲线下面积（AUC）,最后进行敏感度分析和不同组间敏感度比较。结果 共检索出相关英文文献446篇,中文文献98篇,其他语种文献21篇。阅读标题和摘要,按照纳入标准,最终获取文献33篇（英文文献18篇,中文文献11篇,其他语种文献4篇）,入选新生儿3 599例。3篇文献新生儿出生时检测脐血PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为77.7%、82.8%和0.833 7;8篇文献新生儿出生后至12 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为76.7%、87.1%和0.896 5;4篇文献新生儿出生后12~24 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和 SROC AUC分别为76.6%、88.5%和0.884 4;6篇文献新生儿出生后24~48 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断早发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为69.8%、88.2%和0.894 7;15篇文献新生儿出生后≥72 h检测血清PCT水平临床诊断晚发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为79.0%、92.3%和0.963 2;15篇文献新生儿出生后≥72 h检测血清PCT水平确诊晚发型脓毒症,汇总敏感度、特异度和SROC AUC分别为84.5%、80.9%和0.934 5。PCT检测敏感度分析表明,国家、研究人群、疾病严重程度和PCT检测阈值的不同是产生异质性的原因。结论 PCT对新生儿脓毒症诊断效能较高,临床可多应用该诊断指标,有助于脓毒症的早期诊断,同时临床上需要注意联合PCT和其他诊断指标,进一步提高新生儿脓毒症诊断的敏感度和特异度。     

Reappraisal of the role of the bilioenteric conduit in the pathogenesis of postoperative cholangitis

The incidence of postoperative cholangitis has changed very little despite progressive improvement in the treatment of biliary atresia. The role of the bilioenteric conduit in its pathogenesis is still uncertain. A retrospective study of 39 patients undergoing either a conventional Kasai operation (group 1, n = 20) or with placement of an antireflux valve (group 2, n = 10) or lengthening (group 3, n = 9) of the jejunal conduit from 40 to 60 cm was performed to compare the incidence of cholangitis. Postoperative cholangitis developed in 18 of the 39 patients (46%). The incidence was 10/20 (50%) in group 1, 5/10 (50%) in group 2, and 3/9 (33%) in group 3 (P = 0.679). An animal experiment was conducted concomitantly to compare quantitative bacterial cultures of the bilioenteric anastomosis and the liver before and 1 week after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HPJ) in piglets without (group A, 25 cm) and with (group B, 50 cm) lengthening of the jejunal conduit in a porcine model of extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The growth of bacteria in both the bilioenteric anastomosis and the liver was not affected by lengthening the jejunal conduit from 25 to 50 cm (P = 0.612 and 0.057, respectively), despite a geometric increase in bacterial concentrations in both groups after HPJ. It is concluded that neither bacterial growth in the liver nor cholangitis following bile-duct reconstruction was affected by valving or lengthening the bilioenteric conduit. Accepted: 6 June 1999     

泪点影像在观察儿童发育性髋发育不良的应用

观察了８０例发育性髋发育不良患儿的系列Ｘ线片，其泪点影出现时间在正常侧为１岁，而脱位侧泪点的出现明显延迟，往往在股骨头复位后才能出现，并随着年龄增长而逐渐变窄。测量了部分患儿正常侧的泪点宽度，用统计学方法证实泪点宽度随年龄增大而变窄具有临床意义。     

Embryology of the middle third of the face

This article compares the midface appearance of two histological sections, one an embryo at the 6 mm stage of development and another at the 28 mm stage.

It demonstrates the considerable cellular differentiation and development that takes place, and suggests that this area is liable to anomalies if the rapid, sequential and considerable amount of growth in this area is disturbed by inherited or environmental factors.