后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障术中的连续线形撕后囊术

目的研究后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障摘除术后的后囊膜处理方法。方法在３２只眼后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障中，摘除白内障及植入人工晶体后于后囊膜的旁中心作一穿刺孔，然后向后囊膜与玻璃体前界膜的间隙注入Ｈｅａｌｏｎ，再沿后囊膜穿刺孔边缘线形撕开一个直径约４ｍｍ的圆孔。结果全部术眼后囊膜中央有一透明裂孔，２只眼玻璃体溢出，术后未见人工晶体移位。结论连续线形撕后囊术可使后囊膜混浊的先天性白内障获得视轴透明区，并保持周边囊袋的完整性。     

Posterior capsule staining and posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in congenital cataract

We report 2 cases of indocyanine green (ICG) staining used for posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (PCCC) in congenital cataract combined with anterior vitrectomy. In the first case, because of corneal opacity, the visibility of the posterior capsule was poor without staining. After the extraction of the cataract, a PCCC was performed after ICG staining of the posterior capsule. In the second case, after cataract removal, ICG staining was used to better visualize the posterior capsule. In both cases, the PCCC was successfully completed because of better visualization of the stained posterior capsule flap against the transparent anterior hyaloid face of the vitreous. Clear visual axes have been maintained.     

Posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus

PURPOSE: To examine the degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes and in nondiabetic age-matched control patients. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: The PCO density value in 100 consecutive diabetic patients and in 100 nondiabetic age-matched control patients who underwent cataract surgery was measured using a Scheimpflug videophotography system at 1 week and at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months after surgery. The incidence of neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy was also evaluated. Furthermore, the stage of diabetic retinopathy and systemic condition of the diabetes were correlated with the degree of PCO. RESULTS: No significant difference between the two groups was observed in the mean value of the PCO for up to 12 months after cataract surgery. However, at 18 months and later, the PCO value in the diabetic group increased significantly and was significantly greater than in the control group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that diabetic patients were significantly more likely to require Nd:YAG capsulotomy than control patients (P =.0139, Mantel-Cox log rank test). Among the diabetic patients, there was no significant correlation of PCO value with the stage of retinopathy. Furthermore, type of treatment, duration of diabetes, and hemoglobin A(1C) did not correlate with the PCO value. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetic patients developed significantly greater PCO after cataract surgery than did nondiabetic patients, but among the diabetics, the stage of diabetic retinopathy and systemic status of the diabetes did not correlate with the degree of PCO.     

Posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery in remote Australian Aboriginal patients

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the rate of visually significant posterior capsular opacification formation after cataract surgery for Australian Aborigines living in rural or remote areas in the ‘Top End’ of the Northern Territory, Australia, and then to assess these patients’ outcomes after capsulotomy. Methods: Aboriginal patients living in remote areas of the Top End of the Northern Territory who underwent cataract surgery between 1994 and 1999 were identified from records at the three major hospitals in the region. The presence of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) was determined by clinical examination. The primary endpoint for this study was the presence of axial opacification of the posterior capsule and the need for subsequent Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy to improve sight. Linear regression analysis of the time from surgery to follow up and the number of eyes requiring Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed. Operated eyes were grouped according to the interval between surgery and follow up (Group 1: follow up within 1 year of surgery, n= 25; Group 2: follow up 1?3 years after surgery, n= 42; Group 3: follow up 3?5 years after surgery, n= 51). Results: One hundred and eighteen operated eyes were examined. Eyes in Group 3 were found to have the highest incidence of visually significant PCO (27.5%). There were more eyes requiring capsulotomy after 3 years than after 1 year following surgery. Linear regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of 1.4 (P = 0.07). All nine eyes in the 1?3 year group that had developed visually significant PCO had undergone extra‐capsular cataract extraction. Conclusions: For the remote Aboriginal patient who has undergone cataract surgery, there is a relatively minor chance of developing PCO within the first postoperative year regardless of the type of surgery undertaken. This study illustrates that the longer the time after surgery the greater the chance of developing visually significant PCO. For the remote Aboriginal patient there is a high chance (approximately 28%) of developing visually significant PCO within 5 years after cataract surgery. These figures are lower than those reported from other parts of Australia.     

Posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. SETTING: Sugita Eye Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 42 consecutive diabetes mellitus patients (DM group) and 42 eyes of 42 non-DM patients (control group) scheduled to have cataract surgery were enrolled. The PCO value was determined using the posterior capsule opacification (POCO) system 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Posterior capsule opacification values 3 months after surgery did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P>.05). At 6 and 12 months, the PCO values of the DM group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients had significantly more severe PCO after cataract surgery than nondiabetic patients.     

白内障摘除联合后囊连续环形撕囊治疗先天性白内障

目的：观察先天性白内障摘除术中行后囊连续环形撕囊（PCCC）防治后发性白内障的疗效及可能出现的并发症。 方法：采用小切口先天性白内障单纯囊外摘除或联合人工晶状体植入术，对58例97眼先天性白内障患者进行后囊连续环形撕囊，使晶状体后囊中央形成约3～5mm的囊膜缺损区，行前部玻璃体切除术，以避免后发性白内障的发生。 结果：Ⅰ期植入人工晶状体50眼：术后1mo矫正视力≥0．6者18眼，0．5以下42眼；术后3mo矫正视力≥0．6者20眼，0．5以下46眼；术后6～12mo矫正视力≥0．6者21眼，0．5以下50眼。术后lmo第1次复查，无1眼发生后发性白内障，3mo周边部后囊膜浑浊40例，撕囊区清亮。6～12mo16眼发生新生膜，10眼少量玻璃体脱出于前房，玻璃体轻度浑浊，瞳孔不圆18眼，人工晶状体偏位10眼，无1眼发生视网膜脱离。 结论：后囊连续环形撕囊是一种经济、安全、高效的防止先天性白内障术后后发性白内障的手术方式，适用于不能配合激光治疗的儿童，但存在一定的复发率。     

Diagnosis and management of congenital cataract with preexisting posterior capsule defect

PURPOSE: To establish and evaluate the diagnostic signs, intraoperative performance, and postoperative outcomes in children with congenital cataract with a preexisting posterior capsule defect (PCD). SETTING: Iladevi Cataract & IOL Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India. METHODS: This study evaluated 400 consecutive eyes that had congenital cataract surgery, of which 27 (20 children) had a confirmed preexisting PCD. Seven children had bilateral defects. The preoperative diagnostic signs of PCD under maximum pupil dilation included well-demarcated, thick defect margins; white dots on the posterior capsule; and white dots in the anterior vitreous that moved with the degenerated vitreous like a fish tail (fish-tail sign). Hydrodissection was not attempted. Bimanual irrigation/aspiration and 2-port anterior vitrectomy were performed. The mean follow-up was 17.9 months +/- 16.96 (SD). RESULTS: The mean age of the 16 boys and 4 girls with a PCD was 21.98 +/- 33.33 months. Nineteen eyes (70.3%) had total white mature cataract. In 7 eyes (25.92%), the preexisting PCD was converted into a posterior capsulorhexis. Twenty eyes (74.07%) had an AcrySof MA30BA intraocular lens (IOL) implanted in the bag and 4 eyes (14.81%), in the sulcus. Three eyes (11.11%) were left aphakic. The visual axis remained clear in all eyes, and the IOL was well centered in 24 eyes (88.88%). CONCLUSION: Establishing the diagnostic signs of PCD with the eye fully dilated and carefully planning the surgery produced satisfactory technical and visual outcomes.     

Posterior capsule opacification 5 yearsafter extracapsular cataract extraction

Purpose:To find out whether there is a “hidden” group of patients with posteriorcapsule opacification (PCO) 5 years after cataract surgery and to establish the incidence of PCO.Setting:Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.Methods:A random sample (n = 164) was selected among patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with intraocular lens implantation in 1991 (N = 1672). All surgically treated cases that required neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy (n = 37) within the first 5 years after surgery were recorded. Patients still alive 5 years after surgery who had not had Nd:YAG treatment were offered an eye examination to determine whether PCO requiring capsulotomy existed.Results:Thirty-seven of 110 patients (34%) alive 5 years after surgery had had an Nd:YAG capsulotomy during the first 5 postoperative years. Follow-up was possible in 51 of 73 untreated patients (70%). Clinically significant PCO according to specified criteria was found in 7 cases (14%). Half of them would benefit from treatment, the other half had visual impairment from other eye disease.Conclusions:The estimated incidence of PCO 5 years after ECCE was 43%. Five years after 'surgery, there was an untreated group with clinically significant PCO, approximately 9% of the surgically, treated population. This hidden group must be considered in PCO studies.     

晶状体前囊染色在白内障手术中的应用

目的 探讨晶状体前囊染色在白内障手术中应用。方法 在６５２眼白内障摘出术中,采用０．５％吲哚青绿溶液进行晶状体前囊染色后,实施连续环形撕囊术或截囊术。结果 所有病例在吲哚青绿溶液注入前房后,晶状体前囊染成浅绿色,在手术显微镜下清晰可辨,使撕囊或截囊术得以快速顺利完成,并且不干扰其他手术步骤进行,术后无不良反应。结论 吲哚青绿溶液晶状体囊染色有助于白内障手术中辨认晶状体前囊。     

先天性白内障后发障形成的危险因素分析

目的评价先天性白内障摘除术后导致晶体后囊膜混浊(PCO)的危险因素。方法53例(87眼)先天性白内障病人的临床资料。所有眼均行巩膜隧道切口白内障摘除术,35眼保持后囊膜完整、19眼行后囊连续环形撕囊(PCCC)、33眼行PCCC联合前部玻璃体切除术(AV)。51眼I期植入人工晶体(IOL)。结果平均随访时间为18个月,30眼(34.48%)发生PCO,其中后囊完整组19眼(54.29%)、PCCC组5眼(26.32%)、PCCC AV组6眼(18.18%)。PCO的形成与术中未行PCCC AV(P<0.01)及I期IOL植入(P<0.05)有关。手术年龄越小,PCO形成的几率越大(P<0.05)。结论手术年龄小、I期IOL植入及保持后囊完整是PCO形成的危险因素。     

微小切口婴儿先天性白内障手术

目的评价利用玻璃体切除器完成微小切口婴儿先天性白内障手术的临床效果。方法对36例（72眼）3～5个月婴儿先天性白内障,通过两个1．4mm透明角膜切口,利用玻璃体切除器的切割头完成前后囊环形切除、皮质吸出及前部玻璃体切除等手术步骤,术后应用抗炎及散瞳滴眼剂治疗,随访24个月,观察术后葡萄膜炎、后发性向内障及继发性青光眼等并发症情况。结果所有患眼术后葡萄膜炎症反应轻微,前后囊环形切除孔居中,直径理想,无玻璃体疝、瞳孔移位、继发性青光眼、后发性白内障或视网膜脱离等并发症发生。结论利用玻璃体切除器的切割头完成婴儿微小切口先天性向内障手术具有创伤小,并发症少的优点。     

角膜接触镜矫正婴幼儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼

婴幼儿先天性白内障术后的视功能恢复不仅取决于手术的时机和技巧,更依赖于及时、合理、有效的光学矫正。由于角膜接触镜在矫正婴幼儿无晶状体眼方面具有独特的优势,对于不适合进行一期人工晶状体植入的先天性白内障患儿,美国等发达国家已将其作为首选的矫正方式。但在我国,矫正方式仍以框架眼镜为主,角膜接触镜矫正婴幼儿无晶状体眼的临床应用与国外相比仍有差距,还没有得到广泛普及。针对这一现状,现就婴幼儿无晶状体眼的眼球发育特性及近年来角膜接触镜矫正婴幼儿先天性白内障术后无晶状体眼的相关临床研究进行综述,以期为临床工作者提供参考。     

Effect on Posterior capsule opacification of topical diclofenac sodium vs dexamethasone phosphate after cataract surgery

The effect on posterior capsule opacification of treatment with diclofenac vs dexamethasome after uncomplicated cataract surgery was compared. A prospective, randomized double-masked trial randomly assigned patients to receive either 0.1% diclofenac sodium or 0.1% dexamethasone phosphate eyedrops 4 weeks postoperatively. Posterior capsule opacification was evaluated after 2 years. Diclofenac-treated eyes had a lower extent and degree of posterior capsule opacification, although the difference was statistically insggnificant. Presented in part at the American Academy of Ophthalmology annual Meeting. Orlando, Fla., October 26, 1999. The authors have stated that they do not have a significant financial interest or other relationship with amy product manufacturer or provider of services discussed in this article.     

后囊膜截开联合前段玻璃体切割术在先天性白内障手术中的应用

目的 :探讨后囊膜截开联合前段玻璃体切割术 (PCCC +AV )在先天性白内障手术中的应用效果。方法 :对先天性白内障患儿者 5 5例 ( 88眼 )进行回顾性研究。行晶状体吸除术 42眼 ,其中 3 8眼联合PCCC +AV术。行晶状体吸除联合人工晶体植入术 44眼 ,其中联合PCCC +AV术 15眼。随访半年到 3年 ,观察视轴混浊、前房纤维渗出、虹膜膜后粘连、人工晶体夹持、黄斑囊样水肿和视网膜脱离等发生情况 ,并进行统计学分析。结果 :术中行PCCC +AV的患儿视轴混浊发生率明显低于未行PCCC +AV的患儿 ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。而前房纤维渗出、虹膜膜后粘连、人工晶体夹持的发生率无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。各组均无一例发生黄斑囊样水肿和视网膜脱离。结论 :在先天性白内障手术中运用后囊膜截开联合前段玻璃体切割术 ,安全易掌握 ,可有效预防后发障 ,主要用于 0～ 5岁的患儿。     

先天性白内障术后合并青光眼

先天性白内障术后部分患者出现青光眼,因患儿年龄小易被忽略.随着手术技术的提高,瞳孔阻滞型青光眼较少见,开角型青光眼为主要类型.危险因素包括:手术年龄小,小角膜,核性白内障,永存原始玻璃体增生症(PHPV)等.随访应在术后第1年每3个月1次,以后随访时间间隔延长,但需持续终生.手术效果不佳,治疗首选药物,可联合抗代谢药物,植入引流物或睫状体光凝术.就先天性白内障术后青光眼的发生率、临床表现、治疗、随访意见等进行综述.     

Posterior polar cataract: minimizing risk of posterior capsule rupture

PURPOSE: To study a preferred technique of phacoemulsification in eyes with posterior polar cataract and report its outcome. METHODS: Under topical anesthesia, phacoemulsification was carried out after hydrodelination in 23 cases (38 eyes) with ages ranging from 19 to 65 years (mean=33.5 years). Hydrodissection was not performed. RESULTS: Mean duration of follow-up was 9.5 months. None of the eyes developed posterior capsule rupture, but seven eyes (18.4%) revealed posterior capsule plaque postoperatively, which needed neodymium : YAG laser capsulotomy. Mean visual acuity improved significantly after surgery (P=0.0001, paired t-test); In all, 34 eyes achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or more (89.4%). However, the postoperative visual acuity was less than 20/25 in 11 eyes (28.9%). The causes of the low acuity were amblyopia in eight eyes (21.0%) and macular degeneration due to retinitis pigmentosa in two others (5.2%). CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification is an effective and safe method to treat posterior polar cataract with gentle hydrodelination 'hydrodissection free phacoemulsification technique'. This is especially true when great attention is paid to the 'floppy' posterior capsule. Although previous amblyopia might interfere with excellent surgical outcome in patients with a unilateral or highly asymmetric bilateral cataract, visual acuity improved significantly in most cases.