外科治疗原发性肝癌1049例分析

目的 分析原发性肝癌外科治疗问题.方法 对本期手术270例(A组,肿瘤切除217例,TACE/和门静脉置管灌注化疗38例,剖腹探查15例)与已发表资料779例(B组,肿瘤切除223例TACE/和门静脉置管灌注化疗428例,剖腹探查128例)进行比较分析.结果 A组随访183例,术后1,3,5年生存率分别为86.33%,69.40%,19.63%.B组随访176例.术后1,3,5年生存率分别为79.55%,43.18%,9.75%.结论 技术进步、医患双方对肝癌治疗观念的改变,使手术总体治疗效果得以改善;积极争取切除合并门静脉、胆道癌栓肝癌病员结合综合治疗,可取得延长生存的效果;术后肝炎活动者,复发慨率增加,应重点关注.     

肝癌肝段切除术结合肝段门静脉阻断并灌注化疗的临床研究

目的比较B超引导下肝段门静脉阻断灌注化疗并肝段染色后肝切除术与常规肝切除术的临床疗效。方法41例肝癌病人术中应用B超引导肝段门静脉阻断灌注化疗并肝段染色后肝切除术，35例应用常规肝切除术，术后定期复查肝功能、AFP，CT及MRI变化，并随访。结果B超引导下肝段门静脉阻断灌注化疗并肝段染色后肝切除组较常规肝段切除组术中出血少，对肝功能影响小，其术后5年生存率分别为37．8％和24．3％(P=0．040)；局部复发率分别为31．7％和1157．1％(P=0．037)。结论B超引导下肝段门静脉阻断灌注化疗并肝段染色后肝切除术的临床疗效优于常规肝切除术。     

冷冻综合治疗肝癌

目的　探讨冷冻综合治疗肝癌的疗效。方法　应用 L SC- 2 0 0 0型冷冻机对 5 3例肝癌分别采取冷冻加手术切除 ;冷冻加肝动脉、门静脉置管化疗 ;冷冻加手术切除和肝动脉、门静脉置管化疗。结果　全组无手术死亡及严重并发症 ;冷冻后 1、2、3年生存率分别为 73.6 %、6 2 .5 %、5 2 .8% ,其中 12例≤ 5 mm的小肝癌分别为 91.7%、83.3%、75 %。结论　冷冻综合治疗为中晚期肝癌提供了有效的治疗途径 :切除肿瘤或 /和行肝动脉、门静脉置管化疗能够降低肝癌术后的复发     

结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术化疗的临床研究

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术辅助化疗的有效途径及临床价值.方法回顾性分析一期联合手术切除原发癌及转移癌,经肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,肿瘤局部注射无水酒精及热电疗法综合性治疗结直肠癌肝转移36例的临床资料.结果本组36例结直肠癌患者原发癌均获切除,其中一期切除肝转移癌17例,6例复发,4例再次手术切除.19例不能切除的转移性肝癌,行肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,无水酒精注射和热电疗法.肿瘤直径平均缩小57%,其中4例因肿瘤缩小行二期手术切除.1、2、3年生存率分别为切除组94%,82%,65%;明显高于置泵组的74%,53%,32%(P<0.01).结论结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术切除加肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,是一种首选而有效的治疗方法.不能切除肝转移癌者,只要切除原发肿瘤,肝动脉门静脉置泵栓塞灌注化疗,可明显延长病人生存期,改善预后.     

间歇性肝门阻断下肝腔静脉结合部肝肿瘤的手术切除及疗效观察

目的 探讨肝腔静脉结合部肝肿瘤手术切除的方法和疗效。方法 在间歇性肝门阻断下行肝切除术，部分病例预置肝下下腔静脉（IVC）阻断带；切肝先易后难，最后处理肝静脉根部；全组68例患者术后随访观察患者生存期。结果 68例肝腔静脉结合部肝肿瘤均在间歇性肝门阻断下得到成功切除，全组无手术死亡，术中因皆得到妥善处理；切除的68例肝肿瘤中65例为原发性肝癌，术后1、2、3和4年生存率分别为64.11％、52.82%、44.90%和36.98%，其中肿瘤有包膜者术后生态率显著高于无包膜者。结论 肝腔静脉结合部肝肿瘤可在简单的间歇性地门阻断下获得安全切除，不必常规作复杂的全肝血流阻断；对该部位边界清楚的原发性肝癌应积极争取手术切除。     

胆道梗阻型肝癌的诊治(附6例报告)

探讨胆道梗阻型肝癌的临床特征及诊治方法。回顾分析6例胆道梗阻型肝癌的临床资料，结果显示，胆道梗阻型肝癌有别于晚期肝癌，临床上以黄疸为主，直径均小于5cm，就诊时间相对较早，分化程度高，包膜较完整，单结节。通过积极手术切除肿瘤，肝动脉结扎、胆道切开取栓、T管引流及经T管灌注化疗药物后疗效满意，术后最长生存84个月。     

原发性肝癌合并门静脉癌栓86例治疗体会

目的探讨肝癌合并门静脉癌栓(PVTT)的有效治疗方法。方法 86例肝癌合并门静脉癌栓患者行肝切除+门静脉取栓+肝动脉、门静脉双灌注化疗栓塞及生物靶向治疗。结果 1年生存率为90%,2年生存率为85%,3年生存率为35%;结论肝切除+门静脉取癌栓+肝动脉、门静脉双灌注化疗栓塞+生物靶向治疗是治疗肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的有效治疗方法。     

肝脏脏面生长的外生型肝癌的影像学特点及治疗

目的研究肝脏脏面生长的外生型肝癌的影像学特点及治疗策略。 方法根据临床表现、AFP、CT、肝动脉造影及病理诊断肝脏脏面的外生型肝癌14例,手术方法为肿瘤连同左肝外叶同时切除,肝破裂者进行腹腔冲洗,术后氟尿嘧啶联合顺铂腹腔化疗3次。介入治疗采用肝动脉灌注及栓塞术。 结果3例左肝外叶脏面的外生型肝癌术后无并发症发生。11例经过肝动脉灌注化疗及栓塞术,发热9例,恶心、呕吐9例,腹痛、腹胀4例,均经过对症治疗好转,没有出现肝衰竭、肿瘤坏死脱落及肿瘤破裂大出血导致休克等严重并发症。1、2、3年生存率分别为60%、45%、32%。 结论肝脏脏面生长的外生型肝癌影像学特点主要是血供丰富,诊断需要综合判断,治疗首选手术治疗,对不能或不愿手术切除的采用肝动脉灌注化疗及栓塞术联合经皮碘化油注射治疗效果较好。     

大肝癌的二期切除

144例不能切除的腺发性肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞肿瘤缩小后二期切除11例。随访1、3、5年，生存率分别为90.9％、72.7％和60．5％。讨论了不能切除肝癌转变为二期切除的可能性与肝癌类型的关系，二期切除的手术时机及二期切除肝癌的预后。用多功能手术解剖器(PMOD)采取刮吸法断肝，能显露肝内大、小管道并加以处理，有助于提高肝癌的切除率。     

不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵治疗肝癌疗效分析

目的评价不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵化疗对肝癌术后复发率及生存率的影响.方法对比分析近15年来66例肝癌患者单纯肝切除(48例)与肝切除加肝动脉置泵化疗(18例)的临床资料.结果单纯手术组与手术联合化疗泵组1、3、5年术后复发率分别为66.7%对38.9%、85.4%对55.6%、93.8%对72.2%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).两组病人1、3、5年生存率分别为58.3%对88.9%、41.7%对72.2%、12.5%对38.9%,差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论肝癌不规则肝切除加肝动脉置泵化疗可明显降低术后复发率、提高生存率.     

大肠癌同时伴肝转移67例临床治疗分析

目的探讨大肠癌同时伴肝转移的外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2007年12月67例大肠癌伴肝转移经外科手术治疗的临床资料。结果13例全肝多个转移灶病人行原发病灶切除加门静脉化疗泵植入术,余54例行原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除。本组术后1、2、3年生存率分别为91．0％（61／67）、71．6％（48／67）和40．3％（27／67）。生存时间最短为8个月,最长为57个月,中位生存期为30．2个月。结论大肠癌肝转移病人行原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除辅以局部及全身化疗,亦可取得满意效果。     

肝癌肝移植术后个体化化疗疗效初步分析

目的　探讨肝癌肝移植术后辅助个体化化疗对预防肝癌复发、提高肝癌肝移植疗效的临床意义。方法　回顾分析 2 0 0 1年 4月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月 2 1例肝癌肝移植术后依据ATP TCA结果制定并实施个体化化疗患者的临床资料。 5 2例单纯采用肝移植治疗的肝癌患者作为对照组 ,比较两组肝癌患者的累计生存率和累计无瘤生存率。结果　个体化化疗组和未作化疗组肝移植术后 1年、2年生存率分别为 92 31%、73 85 %和 92 0 6 %、6 3 93% ,两组术后累计生存率比较差异无显著意义 ;个体化化疗组和未作化疗组患者肝移植术后 6、12、18、2 4个月的无瘤生存率分别为 90 0 0 %、80 0 0 %、80 0 0 %、6 0 0 0 %和 6 7 31%、5 1 92 %、4 0 0 3%、37 81% ,二组术后累计无瘤生存率差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　肝移植术后辅助个体化化疗能显著降低肝癌肝移植术后的肿瘤复发率 ,明显延长肝移植术后的无瘤生存时间。根据ATP TCA技术指导制定的肝癌肝移植术后个体化化疗方案具有临床应用价值。     

Role of postchemotherapy surgery in the management of patients with liver metastases from germ cell tumors

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of postchemotherapy adjunctive surgery in patients with liver metastases from germ cell cancer (GCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three male patients with nonseminoma were treated in different multicenter treatment protocols between 1990 and 1999, and they underwent hepatic surgery. The results of postchemotherapy surgical resection, histologic findings found during postchemotherapy surgery, and prognostic factors for survival were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-five of 43 patients (81%) were initially diagnosed with liver metastases and advanced GCT, and 8 patients (19%) presented with metachronous liver metastases after a median interval of 16 months (range, 6-103 months). Twelve patients (28%) had isolated liver metastases after completion of chemotherapy, while 31 patients (72%) had additional residual extrahepatic tumor masses. Liver surgery included tumor excision or segmentectomy in 32 patients (74%) and hepatectomy (right/left) or resection of multiple segments in 11 patients (26%). Histologic analysis of postchemotherapy resected residua yielded necrosis in 67%, teratoma in 12%, and viable cancer in 21%. Additional resections at other sites have been performed in 31 patients revealing necrosis in 61% (n = 19), teratoma in 29% (n = 9), and vital carcinoma in 10% (n = 3). In 39% of patients, histologic findings differed among liver and other resection sites. Refractoriness to chemotherapy was associated with a shorter survival after surgery, and a trend was seen in patients with elevation of AFP. CONCLUSION: The high rate of viable cancer and teratoma found in liver specimens, differing histologic results at residual tumor locations, and the high survival rate achieved support a multidisciplinary approach including resection of liver masses since no accurate selection of patients can narrow the use of surgery.     

CONSERVATIVE SURGERY AND RADIATION THERAPY FOR INVASIVE LOBULAR CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST

Background : There is debate as to whether infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) can be effectively treated with breast conservative surgery (CS) and radiotherapy (RT) because of a perceived high risk of local recurrence. This retrospective study examined the outcome of patients with ILC treated by CS and RT. Methods : Between November 1979 and December 1994, 57 women with UICC Stage I or II ILC were treated by CS and RT at Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. The median age was 55 years (range 28–79). Twelve patients (21%) underwent a re-excision after initial CS. The final margins were clear for 43 patients (75.4%), positive (invasive or in situ) for nine patients (15.8%), and indeterminate for five patients (8.8%). All patients received whole-breast irradiation (45–50.4 Gy) usually supplemented by a boost (10–30 Gy). Fifty-three of 57 patients (93%) had their pathology reviewed at Westmead Hospital. Results : After a median follow up of 69 months (range 36–162) three patients (5.3%) developed a local recurrence. One of 43 patients (2.3%) with known clear margins developed a local recurrence compared with two of 14 patients (14.3%) with positive or indeterminate margins (P = NS). The 5- and 10-year rates of freedom from local recurrence were 96 and 93%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival was 85% (node-negative, 92%; node-positive, 66%). Overall survival was 94% at 5 years. No patient developed a contralateral breast cancer. Conclusion : Patients with ILC can be effectively treated with CS and RT.     

Conservative surgery and radiation therapy for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.

BACKGROUND: There is debate as to whether infiltrating lobular carcinoma (ILC) can be effectively treated with breast conservative surgery (CS) and radiotherapy (RT) because of a perceived high risk of local recurrence. This retrospective study examined the outcome of patients with ILC treated by CS and RT. METHODS: Between November 1979 and December 1994, 57 women with UICC Stage I or II ILC were treated by CS and RT at Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. The median age was 55 years (range 28-79). Twelve patients (21%) underwent a re-excision after initial CS. The final margins were clear for 43 patients (75.4%), positive (invasive or in situ) for nine patients (15.8%), and indeterminate for five patients (8.8%). All patients received whole-breast irradiation (45-50.4 Gy) usually supplemented by a boost (10-30 Gy). Fifty-three of 57 patients (93%) had their pathology reviewed at Westmead Hospital. RESULTS: After a median follow up of 69 months (range 36-162) three patients (5.3%) developed a local recurrence. One of 43 patients (2.3%) with known clear margins developed a local recurrence compared with two of 14 patients (14.3%) with positive or indeterminate margins (P = NS). The 5- and 10-year rates of freedom from local recurrence were 96 and 93%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival was 85% (node-negative, 92%; node-positive, 66%). Overall survival was 94% at 5 years. No patient developed a contralateral breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Patients with ILC can be effectively treated with CS and RT.     

Results of salvage surgery for local or regional recurrence after larynx preservation with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy

BACKGROUND: After treatment of locally advanced laryngeal carcinomas with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, some patients suffer a local or regional failure of the tumor, and salvage surgery is required. The aim of this study was to review the results of such salvage surgery in this group of patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of a cohort of 110 patients diagnosed between 1989 and 1996 with a locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma (T3-T4) treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy was performed. The results of salvage surgery in patients with a local and/or regional failure of the treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-two patients presented a local and/or a regional recurrence of the tumor: 26 patients in the larynx, eight in the neck, and a further eight in both in the larynx and the neck. Salvage surgery was carried out in 28 patients (67%), consisting of total laryngectomies with neck dissections (24 cases), endoscopic resection of the tumor (one case), and radical neck dissections (three cases). Five-year adjusted survival for the 42 patients was 38%. Five-year survival for the 28 patients treated with salvage surgery was 57%. Five patients had postoperative complications: four had pharyngo-cutaneous fistulas and one had wound infection. CONCLUSIONS: After a local and/or regional recurrence, 67% of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma treated with induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy were candidates to salvage surgery. Five-year adjusted survival for this group of patients was 57%.     

Local recurrence and survival in soft-tissue sarcomas

Background: There is a continuous interest in the literature concerning the management and survival after treatment of local recurrence in sarcomas because it is one of the most common types of recurrence. Design: We retrospectively reviewed 93 patients treated for local recurrence from soft-tissue sarcoma. Methods: We evaluated prognostic parameters (grade, tumor size, location) and the effect of treatment on survival. Results: Resection of all the gross tumor at first visit to our Institute for local recurrence was accomplished in 88 patients (95%). Of the 59 patients with extremity tumors, six (10%) required an amputation. At a mean follow-up of 66 months, further local recurrence was noted in 27%. The estimated 5-year survival rate was 100% for patients with grade I tumors (n=16), 77% for grade II (n=31), and 45% for grade III tumors (n=46) (p=0.0002). This value was 78% for tumors ≤5 cm and 57% for those >5 cm (p=0.03). Conclusions: Local recurrence is resectable and limb preservation is possible in the majority of patients. The overall 5-year survival rate was 65%. Survival after treatment of local recurrence is determined mainly by the grade and secondarily by the size of the tumor as for primary sarcomas.     

Local and systemic control in Ewing's sarcoma of the femur treated with chemotherapy,and locally by radiotherapy and/or surgery

The role of radiotherapy and/or surgery in the local treatment of Ewing's sarcoma has still to be determined. The outcome of Ewing's sarcoma may differ according to its location and a selection bias towards surgery limits the ability to compare methods of local treatment. We have carried out a retrospective review of 91 consecutive patients treated for non-metastatic Ewing's sarcoma of the femur. They received chemotherapy according to four different protocols. The primary lesion was treated by surgery alone (54 patients), surgery and radiotherapy (13) and radiotherapy alone (23). One was treated by chemotherapy alone. At a median follow-up of ten years, 48 patients (53%) remain free from disease, 39 (43%) have relapsed, two (2%) have died from chemotherapeutic toxicity and two (2%) have developed a radio-induced second tumour. The probability of survival without local recurrence was significantly (p = 0.01) higher in patients who were treated by surgery with or without radiotherapy (88%) than for patients who received radiotherapy alone (59%). The five- and ten-year overall survival rates were 64% and 57%, respectively. Patients who were treated by surgery, with or without radiotherapy, had a five- and ten-year overall survival of 64%. Patients who received only radiotherapy had a five- and ten-year survival of 57% and 44%, respectively. Our results indicate that in patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the femur, better local control is achieved by surgical treatment (with or without radiotherapy) compared with the use of radiotherapy alone. Further studies are needed to verify the impact of this strategy on overall survival.     

High-dose superselective intra-arterial cisplatin and concomitant radiation (RADPLAT) for advanced head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to study the effect of intensive targeted chemoradiation in a group of patients with head and neck cancer with stage IV inoperable disease. METHODS: We examined 79 patients with inoperable stage IV head and neck cancer receiving intra-arterial infusion of high-dose cisplatin (150 mg/m(2)) on days 2, 9, 16, and 23 concomitant with delivery of external beam radiotherapy (total dose, 70 Gy; 2 Gy, 35 fractions; 1 fraction/day for 7 weeks). Sodium thiosulfate was administered intravenously to provide effective cisplatin neutralization. RESULTS: Four patients were not assessable. Complete local tumor response was achieved in 72 patients (91%) and a partial response in three patients. The complete response rate of neck node metastases was 90%. The 1- and 2-year locoregional control rates were 82% and 69%, respectively. The median overall survival time was 2.2 years, with a 3-year overall survival probability of 43%. Acute toxicities were as follows: grade III/IV hematologic toxicity (22%/16%), grade III/IV nephrotoxicity (0%), grade III mucositis (43%), grade III skin reactions (24%), grade III toxicity of the upper gastrointestinal tract (57%), grade III nausea (20%), and grade III subjective hearing loss (10%). Grade V toxicity (treatment-related deaths) was 3.8%. Six (18%) of 33 patients with complete remission needed tube feeding 2 years after treatment without intercurrent salvage surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Supradose superselective intra-arterial cisplatin and concomitant radiation is an effective organ-preserving therapy in an unfavorable group of patients. Our series confirms encouraging results reported previously. This regimen is justified in unresectable patients despite the substantial toxicity.