大鼠神经系统内5-羟色胺_(1A)受体亚型的定位分布(英文)

应用免疫组织化学技术观察了大鼠神经系统内 5 -羟色胺 1A受体亚型 ( 5 -HT1 AR)免疫阳性结构的分布。结果显示 :5 -HT1 AR免疫阳性结构主要分布于梨状皮质、隔核、丘脑腹后核、丘脑网状核、杏仁基外侧核、Purkinje细胞层、红核、面神经核、斜方体核等 ;在海马、额叶皮质、丘脑背内侧核、脚间核、三叉神经中脑核、中缝背核、三叉神经脊束核、脊髓背角浅层、背根神经节和三叉神经等结构内有中等强度的分布 ;在嗅球、尾壳核、苍白球、斜角带核、终纹床核、缰核、黑质、上橄榄等部位有弱的分布。本文的结果提示 5 -HT1 AR阳性结构广泛地分布在大鼠神经系统 ,它们可能介导 5 -HT在神经系统中的多种生理功能     

大鼠前庭神经核复合体内5-羟色胺1A受体的分布

为了研究5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HT1AR)亚型在大鼠前庭神经核复合体(VNC)内的分布情况,本文采用免疫组织化学方法,在光学显微镜下对5-HT1AR亚型免疫阳性结构进行了观察。结果显示:5-HT1AR免疫阳性产物在VNC各个核团全长均有分布,主要定位于VNC神经元的胞体和近侧端树突,呈弥散分布,但在胞浆中也观察到许多染色深浅不同、分布不均匀的点状阳性结构。其中5-HT1AR样阳性神经元在前庭内侧核的全长呈密集分布,在前庭下核的尾段呈中等密度分布,在前庭上核、前庭外侧核和X核的全长、前庭下核的吻段和中段以及Y核的中、尾段均呈低密度分布,Y核的吻侧呈稀疏分布。本文结果提示,5-HT1AR阳性结构广泛地分布于大鼠VNC内,它们可能在介导5-HT对神经元活动的调节,参与前庭信息的整合与加工方面发挥重要作用。     

雌性大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺1A和2A受体亚型的定位分布

本研究应用免疫细胞化学技术观察了雌性成年SD大鼠下丘脑内5-HT1A受体亚型(5-HT1AR)和5-HT2AR免疫阳性结构的分布。结果显示:5-HT1AR免疫阳性神经元在视前区大细胞核、视前室周核、视上核和下丘脑外侧前核等核团内密集分布。在内侧视前核、外侧视前区、下丘脑室周核、下丘脑外侧区、背内侧核、腹内侧核、结节核、结节乳头体核、乳头体内侧核和乳头体外侧核等结构内也有较多的分布;而在正中视前核、视交叉上核、下丘脑室旁核、下丘脑背侧核、弓状核、乳头体上核和乳头体前核等部位有散在的分布。与5-HT1AR不同,5-HT2AR免疫阳性反应产物主要见于纤维和终末,阳性胞体少且染色淡。5-HT2AR阳性胞体见于下丘脑室旁核、视上核、腹内侧核、结节核、视前内侧区、外侧区、外侧前核、下丘脑背内侧核等处。另外,在视前区前内侧视前核、视交叉上核背侧和外侧可见围绕血管分布、密集成团簇状、带有大小不同膨体的阳性神经纤维缠结。本文结果提示5-HT1AR阳性结构广泛地分布于大鼠下丘脑,而5-HT2AR在下丘脑分布较为局限。二者不同的分布特点,提示它们可能介导5-HT在下丘脑的不同生理功能。     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈其间胰岛β—EP、5—HT、5—HTR细胞的免疫组织化学研究

目的：探讨大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间，胰岛β－内啡肽（β－EP）、5－羟色胺（5－HT）、5－羟色胺受体蛋白（5－HT）免疫反应细胞的变化。方法：免疫组织化学技术。结果：溃疡术后4d、10d胰岛，β－EP、5－HT、5－HTR细胞面数密度增高。β－EP、5－HT细胞于4d达高峰；5－HTR细胞于10d达高峰。邻片示；部分β－EP、5－HT及5－HTR阳性物质分别位于A或B细胞。结论：胰岛β－EP、5－HT、5－HTR细胞可能间接或直接参与大鼠实验性胃溃疡修复的调节。     

5-HT及其2A受体在大鼠丘脑前核的表达

目的研究5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)在大鼠丘脑前核的表达,探讨两者参与学习记忆的形态学依据。方法免疫组织化学ABC法观察5-HT及5-HT2AR在丘脑前核内的表达情况。包埋前免疫电镜技术观察丘脑前核群的5-HT能投射纤维终末。结果免疫组化结果显示:在大鼠丘脑前核群的前、中、后部均可见阳性的5-HT能神经元及大量串珠状的投射纤维终末,其中背侧核(AD)的神经元着色较深,胞体较大,纤维密集,平均光密度值(A值)与腹侧核(AV)的比较差异显著(P0.05);5-HT阳性反应产物主要定位于胞浆内,胞核不着色。包埋前免疫电镜显示:阳性5-HT能轴突终末与树突形成非对称性的轴-树突触。在AD、AV内可见黄色的5-HT2AR阳性神经元,其中AD的神经元胞体较大,着色较AV深,阳性产物灰度值二者比较差异显著(P0.05);阳性产物主要定位于神经元胞膜,胞核不着色。结论 5-HT和5-HT2AR在大鼠丘脑前核表达,在AD、AV的表达强度不同。     

大鼠脑内代谢型谷氨酸受体1、1α亚型的定位分布

用代谢型谷氨酸受体１和１α亚型（ｍＧｌｕＲ１和ｍＧｌｕＲｌα）的特异性抗体的免疫细胞化学染色技术，研究了其在大鼠脑内的定位分布。结果显示，ｍＧｌｕＲ１阳性神经元密集地分布于Ｃａｌｌｅｊａ岛、伏核、斜角带核、外侧隔核背侧部、齿状回、下丘脑外侧区、内侧视前区、乳头体核、丘脑中线核团、脚周核、脚间核、中脑导水管周围灰质腹外侧区、被盖背外侧核、面神经上核和小脑Ｐｕｒｋｉｎｊｅ细胞层。ｍＧｌｕＲｌα阳性神经元主要分布在嗅球的小球层、副嗅核、斜角带核、外侧隔核背侧部、隔海马核、伏核、苍白球、腹侧苍白球、海马、外侧缰核、底丘脑核、下丘脑内侧核、外侧嗅束核、黑质网状部和小脑分子层。ｍＧｌｕＲ１和ｍＧｌｕＲｌα在大鼠脑内的分布如此广泛，说明ｍＧｌｕＲ１和ｍＧｌｕＲｌα在大鼠脑内谷氨酸能纤维联系通路的兴奋性突触传递方面扮演了重要角色。     

白细胞介素6受体样免疫反应性细胞在大鼠脑内的分布

目的　研究白细胞介素６ 受体（ＩＬ－６Ｒ和ｇｐ１３０）免疫反应性细胞在大鼠脑内的分布。方法　采用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学方法。结果　ＩＬ－６Ｒ免疫反应性细胞主要分布在下丘脑的视前区、腹内侧核、室旁核和弓状核;在海马,ＩＬ－６Ｒ阳性细胞呈强阳性,密集分布于齿状回颗粒细胞层和ＣＡ１ ～ＣＡ２ 锥体细胞层;在大脑皮层、嗅结节、丘脑腹内侧核、终纹床核等处也有ＩＬ－６Ｒ阳性细胞。ｇｐ１３０ 阳性细胞主要分布于下丘脑的室周核、室旁核的内侧小细胞部、弓状核及视上核,在大脑皮层也有ｇｐ１３０ 阳性大锥体细胞的分布。ｇｐ１３０ 阳性细胞亦见于尾壳核、杏仁核区、终纹床核,在海马结构内的ｇｐ１３０ 阳性细胞较ＩＬ－６Ｒ染色较浅。此外,ＩＬ－６ 两种受体亚单位的免疫反应性细胞也散在分布于小脑皮层、小脑外侧核以及延髓／脑干。结论　在大鼠脑内广泛分布着ＩＬ－６ 两种受体亚单位的免疫反应性细胞,提示ＩＬ－６ 及其受体可能具有重要的神经生物学意义。     

5-羟色胺3A型受体在成年小鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中间神经元内的表达

目的:研究5-羟色胺3A型受体(5-HT3Areceptor;5-HT3AR)在杏仁体基底外侧核中间神经元内的表达。方法:以成年5-HT3AR-BACEGFP转基因小鼠作为材料,利用免疫组织化学技术在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察成年小鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中5-HT3AR在不同类型中间神经元内的表达。结果:杏仁体基底外侧核中分布着大量的5-HT3AR免疫阳性神经元。5-HT3AR在小鼠杏仁体基底外侧核中Calretinin(CR)、血管活性肠肽(Vasoactive in-testinal peptide,VIP)和Reelin免疫阳性的中间神经元中大量表达,而在Calbindin(CB)、Parvalbumin(PV)或Neu-ropeptide Y(NPY)免疫阳性的中间神经元中很少表达。结论:杏仁体基底外侧核中存在5-HT3AR免疫阳性中间神经元,不同类型的中间神经元中5-HT3AR的表达比例不同。     

突触素在大鼠嗅球的分布

用免疫组织化学方法观察突触素在大鼠嗅球各层的分布。结果显示：小球层染色最深，其次为分子层，再其次是颗粒层，僧帽细胞胞体周围未见有明显阳性颗粒，纤维层和髓层不着色。     

大鼠嗅球和鼻腔嗅粘膜成鞘细胞的形态学研究

目的：观察大鼠嗅神经成鞘细胞在嗅球和嗅粘膜的分布及其形态学结构特征，研究其与中枢神经再生的关系。方法：Luxol固蓝染色、Mallory染色和NGFRp75免疫组织化学染色结合透射电镜观察。结果：在嗅球纤维层的成鞘细胞随神经纤维呈纵向排列，在嗅小球层的成鞘细胞则围绕着嗅小球环行排列。在嗅粘膜的成鞘细胞位于柱状上皮深方，沿基底膜分布。成鞘细胞的胞体为细长梭形，有较长的突起，细胞核呈圆形或椭圆形。在嗅小球周围或嗅粘膜内的成鞘细胞呈NGFRp75免疫反应阳性。在电镜下，嗅球成鞘细胞的纵断面上可见其胞体呈长梭形，细胞核为不规则形，核仁清晰。在胞体的周围有大量的平行神经纤维纵向排列，在放大的横断面上，可见在1个成鞘细胞的细胞核周围有数根神经纤维被胞质包裹在一起。结论：嗅成鞘细胞是一种特殊的胶质细胞，分布于嗅球的纤维层、嗅小球层和嗅粘膜内。嗅神经成鞘细胞的胞体细长，有较长突起，其轴系膜紧密包裹成束的无髓神经纤维。     

New data on the immunocytochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat central nervous system

An antiserum raised against the synthetic tripeptide pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline (free acid) was used to localize thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat central nervous system (CNS) by immunocytochemistry. The distribution of TRH-immunoreactive structures was similar to that reported earlier; i.e., most of the TRH-containing perikarya were located in the parvicellular part of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the suprachiasmatic portion of the preoptic nucleus, the dorsomedial nucleus, the lateral basal hypothalamus, and the raphe nuclei. Several new locations for TRH-immunoreactive neurons were also observed, including the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nuclei, the diagonal band of Broca, the septal nuclei, the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area, the reticular thalamic nucleus, the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata, and the central gray matter of the mesencephalon. Immunoreactive fibers were seen in the median eminence, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, the lateral septal nucleus, the medial habenula, the dorsal and ventral parabrachial nuclei, the nucleus of the solitary tract, around the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves, the dorsal vagal complex, and in the reticular formation of the brainstem. In the spinal cord, no immunoreactive perikarya were observed. Immunoreactive processes were present in the lateral funiculus of the white matter and in laminae V-X in the gray matter. Dense terminal-like structures were seen around spinal motor neurons. The distribution of TRH-immunoreactive structures in the CNS suggests that TRH functions both as a neuroendocrine regulator in the hypothalamus and as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator throughout the CNS.     

Localization and characterization of endothelin receptor binding sites in the rat brain visualized by in vitro autoradiography.

Endothelin binding sites in rat brain were mapped by quantitative in vitro autoradiography employing [125I]endothelin-1 as radioligand. [125I]Endothelin-1 bound with high affinity and specificity to rat cerebellar sections and was potently displaced by unlabelled endothelins (endothelin-1 greater than endothelin-2 = endothelin-3) and sarafotoxin 6B. The highest densities of endothelin binding sites were found in the cerebellum (especially Purkinje cell layer), choroid plexus and median eminence. High densities were found in the supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei, anterior hypothalamic area, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, mammillary nuclei and glomerular layer of olfactory bulb. Moderate densities were found in many thalamic nuclei, the pretectal region, interpeduncular nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, raphe nuclei, tegmental nuclei, olfactory ventricle, red nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, central gray, reticular nuclei, vestibular nuclei, oculomotor and trochlear nuclei, hypoglossal nucleus, motor trigeminal nucleus, nucleus of the trapezoid body and lateral cerebellar nucleus. Low but detectable densities of endothelin binding sites were found in medial geniculate nucleus, fields of Ammon's horn, caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, substantia nigra, anterior commissure, internal capsule, anterior pituitary, median preoptic nucleus, septohypothalamic nucleus, superior colliculus and area postrema. These patterns were completely abolished by 1 microM unlabelled endothelin-1, -2 and -3 and sarafotoxin S6B. Brain endothelin binding sites show high affinity for endothelin-1, -2 and -3 and sarafotoxin 6B with highest affinity for endothelin-1. Endothelin binding sites show a non-vascular pattern of distribution in the brain, suggesting that the peptide may have widespread functions as a modulator of neuronal function.     

神经激肽B受体在小鼠中枢神经系统内的定位分布

目的　研究神经激肽B受体 (NK3)在小鼠中枢神经系统内的定位分布。　方法　免疫组织化学染色。　结果　在小鼠中枢神经系统的绝大部分区域 ,NK3受体样免疫反应产物位于胞体和树突上 ,少部分区域位于神经毡 (neuropil)内。大量NK3受体样免疫反应神经元出现于前嗅核、伏隔核、隔区、腹侧苍白球、苍白球、尾壳核、终纹床核、下丘脑前区、下丘脑结节区、下丘脑外侧区、穹隆周区、视上核、弓状核、乳头体、黑质、腹侧被盖区、红核后区、上丘和下丘、导水管周围灰质、孤束核、及延髓和脊髓背角浅层。大脑皮质的浅层、梨状皮质、背侧海马、杏仁核、脑干网状结构等核团内也含有一定数量的阳性神经元。在丘脑的中线核团和板内核、腹侧海马和脚间核等处 ,NK3受体免疫反应产物主要位于神经毡内。　结论　NK3受体广泛分布于小鼠中枢神经系统内 ,提示它可能具有重要的生理功能     

大鼠运动核内5-羟色胺1A、2A、5A受体的定位分布

为了阐明５ 羟色胺在中枢神经系统内与运动神经元结合的精确部位,本研究用免疫细胞化学技术分别观察了大鼠躯体运动核和内脏运动核内５ 羟色胺１Ａ、２Ａ、５Ａ 受体的定位分布。在躯体运动核内观察到：（１）５ 羟色胺１Ａ 受体样阳性神经元和纤维主要分布于动眼神经核、滑车神经核、三叉神经运动核、面神经核、舌下神经核和脊髓前角;（２）５ 羟色胺２Ａ 受体样阳性神经元主要见于动眼神经核、三叉神经运动核、面神经核、舌下神经核和脊髓前角,但阳性纤维和终末却密集地分布于三叉神经运动核、面神经核、舌下神经核和脊髓前角等处,除此之外动眼神经核、滑车神经核、展神经核和疑核内也能见到中等密度的阳性纤维和终末,纤维和终末的分布范围和染色浓度、密度都较神经元为明显;（３）少量淡染的５ 羟色胺５Ａ 受体样阳性神经元和稀疏的阳性纤维及终末主要见于三叉神经运动核、面神经核、舌下神经核和脊髓前角。在内脏运动核内观察的结果是：（１）动眼神经副交感核（Ｅ Ｗ 核）、上涎核、迷走神经背核、骶髓副交感核和胸髓侧角内仅有少量５ 羟色胺１Ａ 受体样阳性神经元、纤维和终末分布;（２）５ 羟色胺２Ａ 受体样阳性神经元和较密集的阳性纤维和终末见于Ｅ Ｗ 核、迷走神经背核、骶?     

大鼠三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核-臂旁核-丘脑间接联系的研究

目的 观察臂旁核（ＰＢＮ）内向丘脑腹后内侧核（ＶＰＭ）投射神经元和三叉神经脊束核尾侧亚核（Ｖｃ向旁核投射纤维和终末的分布,以及两者之间的突触联系。方法 ＨＲＰ逆行追踪与生物素警聚糖胺（ＢＤＡ）顺行追踪相结合的双标技术,标记结果分别在光镜或电镜下观察。结果 将ＨＲＰ注入ＶＰＭ后,在光镜下可见ＨＲＰ逆标神经元主要位于同侧的臂旁外侧核,Ｋｏｌｌｉｋｅｒ－Ｆｕｓｓ（ＫＦ）核和臂旁内侧核。将ＢＤＡ注入Ｖｃ后     

GDNF在坐骨神经损伤后大鼠L4—6背根节神经元的表达及变化

目的 观察坐骨神经夹伤后不同时间点,胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（ＧＤＮＦ）在成年大鼠Ｌ４～６背根节（ＤＲＧ）中的分布,探讨ＧＤＮＦ对感觉神经元损伤的反应。方法 成年大鼠右侧坐骨神经夹伤后,分别取伤后１、５、７、１０、１４、２８和５６ｄＬ４～６背根节,行抗ＧＤＮＦ多克隆抗体免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法染色,之后对染色结果进行图像分析。结果 ＧＤＮＦ免疫反应存在于坐骨神经夹伤后１、５、７、１０、１４、２８和５６ｄ成年大鼠Ｌ４～６背根节神经元中,图像分析结果表明,伤后１、３、５和７ｄ的损伤侧背根节神经元的平均光密度大于对照侧背根节神经元。结论 大鼠坐骨神经夹伤后,ＧＤＮＦ在背根节Ｌ４～６感觉神经元中有一定量的变化,且伤后１周内ＧＤＮＦ在伤侧背根节神经元中的表达增强。     

NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons and pathways in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta

We described the NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons and fibres in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta. In the telencephalon stained cells occurred in the olfactory bulb, all subdivisions of the pallium, the diagonal band, the medial septum and the striatum. The olfactory glomeruli showed the most intense enzyme reaction. The neuropil of the accessory olfactory bulb was also heavily stained and this staining extended to the rostral diencephalon through the ventral lateral pallium. Fibre staining was less intense in the medial pallium and the medial septum. In the diencephalon, NADPH-diaphorase staining was concentrated in the middle third of this part of the brain. The stained cells were embedded in a dense network of thin, stained fibres and terminals in the lateral anterior and central thalamic nuclei. Faintly stained cells were present also in the posterior preoptic nucleus, anterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus of Bellonci, corpus geniculatum thalamicum and the suprachismatic nucleus. In the mesencephalon, heavily stained cells occurred in the nucleus profundus mesencephali, anterodorsal, anteroventral and especially in the posterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Neuronal staining was less intense in the optic tectum and the torus semicircularis. Thick, intensely stained fibres occupied the lateral part of the tegmentum and the 7th layer of the tectum. A loose network of thin fibres occupied the periventricular area and all tegmental nuclei. In the rhombencephalon, the reticular nuclei and the inferior raphe nucleus showed the most intense staining, while some cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal column nuclei were less intensely stained. Heavy staining of fibres was characteristic of the spinal trigeminal tract, the solitary tract and the reticulospinal pathway.     

NADPH-diaphorase-positive neurons and pathways in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta

We described the NADPH-diaphorase-containing neurons and fibres in the brain of the frog Rana esculenta. In the telencephalon stained cells occurred in the olfactory bulb, all subdivisions of the pallium, the diagonal band, the medial septum and the striatum. The olfactory glomeruli showed the most intense enzyme reaction. The neuropil of the accessory olfactory bulb was also heavily stained and this staining extended to the rostral diencephalon through the ventral lateral pallium. Fibre staining was less intense in the medial pallium and the medial septum. In the diencephalon, NADPH-diaphorase staining was concentrated in the middle third of this part of the brain. The stained cells were embedded in a dense network of thin, stained fibres and terminals in the lateral anterior and central thalamic nuclei. Faintly stained cells were present also in the posterior preoptic nucleus, anterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus of Bellonci, corpus geniculatum thalamicum and the suprachismatic nucleus. In the mesencephalon, heavily stained cells occurred in the nucleus profundus mesencephali, anterodorsal, anteroventral and especially in the posterodorsal tegmental nuclei. Neuronal staining was less intense in the optic tectum and the torus semicircularis. Thick, intensely stained fibres occupied the lateral part of the tegmentum and the 7th layer of the tectum. A loose network of thin fibres occupied the periventricular area and all tegmental nuclei. In the rhombencephalon, the reticular nuclei and the inferior raphe nucleus showed the most intense staining, while some cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal column nuclei were less intensely stained. Heavy staining of fibres was characteristic of the spinal trigeminal tract, the solitary tract and the reticulospinal pathway.     

Atrial natriuretic polypeptide: topographical distribution in the rat brain by radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry

The widespread distribution of neurons containing alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain was demonstrated using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in conjunction with specific antisera. The highest concentrations of alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity were in the hypothalamus and septum, with low but still appreciable concentrations in the mesencephalon, cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb and thalamus by radioimmunoassay. Immunohistochemical studies clearly showed that the perikarya of immunoreactive neurons are most prevalent in the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, periventricular preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, periventricular and dorsal parts of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus, arcuate nucleus, median mamillary nucleus, supramamillary nucleus, zona incerta, medial habenular nucleus and the periaqueductal grey matter. Scattered neurons were seen in the cingulate cortex, endopiriform nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, and pretectal and dorsal thalamic areas. In addition to the areas mentioned above, high concentrations of immunoreactive varicose fibers were seen in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, external layer of the median eminence, central to paramedian parts of the interpeduncular nucleus and the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus. The globus pallidus, medial and central amygdaloid nuclei, dorsal raphe, dorsal parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, vagal dorsal motor nucleus, solitary nucleus and some circumventricular organs, including the subfornical organ and organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, contained considerable numbers of immunoreactive varicose fibers. In dehydrated rats and homozygous Brattleboro rats, the pattern of alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide-immunoreactive neurons and varicose fibers was qualitatively similar to that seen in normal conditioned rats. This study gives an atlas of the distribution of the alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide-containing neuronal system in the rat brain and provides the groundwork for studying the influence of this new peptide on various brain functions.