颈动脉超声、磁共振血管成像在短暂性脑缺血发作病因学方面的研究

目的:探讨颈动脉超声、MRA、DSA对短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的病因学方面的价值。方法:回顾分析43例TIA患者颈动脉超声与MRA检查结果,其中18例有DSA对比验证。结果:①38例(88.4%)患者颈动脉超声显示血管异常,有粥样斑块形成,20例(46,51%)有低回声或溃疡型斑块,15例(34.88%)示有管腔狭窄。②30例(69.8%)患者MRA示有脑动脉狭窄,以颅外动脉狭窄居多,同一病人可同时存在多条血管狭窄。结论:TIA最常见的原因是血管的动脉粥样硬化和动脉狭窄,因此对脑血管状况进行评估具有重要的意义。     

颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外动脉狭窄的相关性研究

目的探讨颈动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与颅内外动脉狭窄的关系,评价数字减影血管造影(DSA)在颈动脉系统TIA中的诊断价值。方法对70例颈动脉系统TIA患者进行DSA检查,观察血管病变的性质,判断责任动脉。结果 70例患者中检出血管狭窄或闭塞59例(84.3%),其中症状相关侧血管狭窄或闭塞51例,症状相关侧对侧8例;颅内动脉狭窄发生率为86.9%(73/84),颅外动脉狭窄发生率为13.1%(11/84);56例(94.9%)可以判断责任动脉。结论颅内外动脉狭窄是颈动脉系统TIA的重要原因,DSA可以明确TIA患者血管狭窄的部位、程度、性质。     

短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外血管狭窄的关系

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与颅内外血管狭窄的关系。方法给68例TIA患者进行颈部B超、经颅多普勒(TCD)以及心脏超声检查,对其中56例有明显脑血管狭窄的患者进一步行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。结果56例行DSA检查的患者中,显示大脑中动脉狭窄(或闭塞)6例,颈内动脉狭窄(或闭塞)21例,锁骨下动脉狭窄8例,椎基底动脉狭窄(或闭塞)28例。大动脉狭窄性TIA44例,其中颈内动脉系统16例,椎基底动脉系统28例;栓塞性TIA18例,其中颈内动脉系统15例,椎基底动脉系统3例;腔隙性TIA4例;血管痉挛性TIA2例。结论TIA患者大多存在颅内外血管狭窄,其与TIA有密切关系。     

56例短暂性脑缺血发作DSA分析

目的通过数字减影血管造影(DSA)研究短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attacks,TIA)与颅内-外供血动脉的关系,以探讨TIA的病因。方法对56例TIA患者行DSA全脑血管造影,观察颅内外供血动脉有无狭窄、狭窄程度及有无血管畸形等。结果 56例TIA患者中10例(17.86%)造影阴性,46例(82.14%)存在不同程度的责任血管病变,其中颅内外动脉狭窄40例(71.42%),动静脉畸形2例(3.57%),动脉瘤3例(5.36%),烟雾病1例(1.79%)。23例(41.07%)患者存在2处以上血管狭窄。结论颅内-外供血动脉狭窄是TIA的常见原因,动静脉畸形、动脉瘤、烟雾病等是TIA的少见病因,DSA对TIA患者病因检查有重要的临床价值。     

缺血性脑血管病的数字减影全脑血管造影分析

目的探讨缺血性脑血管病的数字减影全脑血管造影(DSA)表现及临床意义。方法211例缺血性脑血管病患者行DSA检查,以了解颅内外血管病变及侧支循环建立情况并进行综合分析。结果检出颅内外血管病变患者152例(72．04%),共累及病变血管180支,以颈动脉病变为主(53．33%),颅外动脉病变的发生率(67．78%)明显高于颅内动脉(32．22%)(P＜0．05)。结论颈动脉病变在缺血性脑血管病的发生中起重要作用。     

短暂性脑缺血发作的DSA表现附7例临床报告

目的研究短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)临床表现与脑血管造影(DSA)脑血管异常改变的关系。方法对临床表现为TIA的7例患者行全脑血管造影。结果7例患者均表现为血管异常。结论TIA患者均应尽早行脑血管造影,找到其可能的病因,尽早得到有效的治疗。     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者颅内外动脉狭窄分布特征的分析

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者颅内外动脉狭窄的分布特征。方法对178例TIA患者进行全脑血管造影(DSA)检查,分析脑动脉颅内动脉狭窄、颅外动脉狭窄的发生率及其分布情况。结果在178例TIA患者中,124例(69.66%)存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞,其中前循环动脉狭窄或闭塞50例(40.32%)、后循环为44例(35.48%)、前后循环均有病变为30例(24.19%);颅内动脉狭窄或闭塞29例(23.39%),颅外动脉为72例(58.06%),颅内、外动脉均有病变为23例(18.55%)。发现狭窄血管共237支,其中单支血管病变58例、多支血管病变66例。颅外血管狭窄以颈内动脉颅外段最多为81支,颅内血管狭窄以椎动脉颅内段最多为41支。结论 TIA患者常伴有脑血管狭窄,准确地评价患者脑动脉狭窄的分布情况及其程度,为临床提供了诊治依据。     

短暂性脑缺血发作脑血管造影102例临床分析

目的观察短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者的脑血管造影特点及脑动脉狭窄分布情况。方法回顾性分析本院102例短暂性脑缺血发作患者住院期间行数字减影全脑血管造影(DSA)的影像学特点及脑动脉狭窄分布情况。结果 102例患者中存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞的85例,占83.3%;仅前循环受累占52例,占61.1%;仅后循环受累占18例,占21.1%;前后循环均受累15例,占17.6%。结论 TIA的主要原因之一是脑血管狭窄,前循环病变较后循环多,颅内病变较颅外多。     

PWI和DWI对短暂性脑缺血发作的诊断价值

目的观察弥散加权成像（DWI）、灌注加权成像（PWI）对短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的诊断价值。方法 34例TIA患者分别行常规头MRI（T1WI、T2WI）、DWI、PWI检查并进行分析。结果全部病例发现9例（26.5%）DWI异常,且T2WI与DWI均显示在同一部位;PWI显示23例（67.6%）异常;PWI异常率明显高于DWI异常（P=0.003）;综合磁共振血管成像（MRA）、数字减影脑血管造影（DSA）及颈动脉超声联合经颅多普勒超声（TCD）（简称超声）检测判定责任血管病变：正常-轻度狭窄21例（61.8%）,中重度狭窄13例（38.2%）。责任血管病变程度与PWI异常差异有统计学意义。结论大部分TIA间期的脑血流灌注异常,部分TIA已经发生脑梗死。应重视TIA的处理以防止TIA复发及脑缺血进展。     

合并脑动脉狭窄的短暂性脑缺血发作与脑梗死

目的 探讨合并脑动脉狭窄的短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)与发生脑梗死之间的关系.方法 对61例入院诊断TIA的患者行数字减影全脑血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)和磁共振(MRI)检查,根据DSA结果分为脑动脉狭窄组(脑动脉狭窄比≥50%,31例)和脑动脉正常组(DSA末见明显异常,30例),比较两组患者脑梗死的发生率.结果 脑动脉狭窄组脑梗死的发生率为58.06%(18/31),明显高于脑动脉正常组的16.67%(5/30)(P<0.01).结论 合片中重度脑动脉狭窄的TIA患者较脑动脉无明显狭窄的TIA患者更易发生脑梗死.     

138例短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑血管造影分析

目的 通过数字减影脑血管造影检查,分析短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者脑动脉狭窄程度和分布,探讨TIA与脑动脉狭窄的相关性.方法 138例符合TIA诊断标准的患者,行数字减影选择性全脑血管造影,明确有无脑动脉狭窄、狭窄程度及分布.结果 138例患者中有116例共185支血管狭窄.其中闭塞血管48支,占25.9％,重度狭窄血管42支,占20.9％,中度狭窄血管52支,占32.8％,轻度狭窄血管43支,占25.3％;颅外段狭窄占60.2％,颅内段占39.8％;颅外段狭窄动脉中以颈内动脉颅外段最常见,占28.9％,而颅内段狭窄则以大脑中动脉最常见,占19.9％.结论 颅内外脑动脉粥样硬斑块形成伴狭窄是TIA的主要发病原因,数字减影选择性全脑血管造影可以确定TIA患者颅内外脑动脉粥样硬斑块形成及狭窄情况,对TIA治疗方案的选择起非常重要作用.     

症状性颈、椎动脉狭窄的临床诊断与血管内介入治疗

目的探讨颅外段颈、椎动脉狭窄的临床诊断方法,评价颈、椎动脉狭窄血管内介入治疗的临床应用价值。方法对106例颅外段颈动脉和椎动脉狭窄患者的临床表现、颈部血管超声、全脑血管造影和血管内介入治疗等相关资料进行系统回顾。结果(1)颈部血管听诊发现血管杂音95例(89.6%),脑血管疾病危险因素排序依此为高脂血症83例(78.3%)、高血压62例(58.5%)、糖尿病49例(46.2%)、长期饮酒44例(41.5%)、吸烟41例(38.7%)和高尿酸血症23例(21.7%);(2)本组患者DSA发现单纯颅外段颈动脉狭窄40例,单纯椎动脉起始部狭窄30例,颅外段颈动脉和椎动脉狭窄合并存在36例,共检出狭窄血管169条;(3)104例患者血管内成功植入支架123枚,术后即刻DSA显示狭窄程度10%~20%,围手术期严重并发症3例(2.88%),92例患者术后6~12个月随访无短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)及新发脑梗死。结论血管内介入诊疗技术在症状性颈、椎动脉狭窄的临床诊治中具有重要价值。     

短暂性脑缺血发作与颅内外血管狭窄的关系

目的 探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)与颅内外血管狭窄的关系.方法 对130例TIA患者的CT血管成像(CTA)进行分析,观察TIA患者颅内外段血管有无狭窄及TIA发作次数与狭窄数量关系.结果 130例TIA中有血管狭窄94例(占72.3%).颈内动脉系统TIA患者80例中有血管狭窄者55例(占68.75%),颈内动脉颅...     

Systemische Thrombolysetherapie mit rt-PA beim akuten Mediaterritorialinfarkt Erfahrungen aus der klinischen Routine

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Only a few clinical reports about the routine use of intravenous rt-PA for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke have been published. Wether the perfusion of the extracranial parts of the internal carotid artery influences the outcome of the patients is still unknown, because the two major studies about systemic thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA in stroke (ECASS and NINDS) did not formally assess the status of the extracranial vessels. METHODS: 56 Patients were treated with intravenous rt-PA within 6 h of acute ischemic stroke between January 1995 and May 1998. Before and within 24 h after the thrombolytic therapy usually a neurovascular diagnostic with extra- und transcranial Doppler-ultrasound or CT-angiography was performed. Occlusions of the intracranial parts of the internal carotid artery (Carotid-T) were excluded from thrombolytic therapy. The outcome was assessed using the Rankin-scale at least 3 month after the therapy. RESULTS: The average time from stroke onset to administration of treatment was 3.7 h.A parenchymal hemorrhage with clinical deterioration was found in four patients (7.1%). Eight patients died until the follow-up (14.3%), four within 14 days. 39 patients showed a clinical improvement. Outcome and recanalization rate of the medial cerebral artery was not influenced by stenoses or occlusions of the extracranial internal carotid artery. CONCLUSIONS: Routine intravenous use of rt-PA for acute ischemic stroke shows safety comparable to the results of the NINDS study even in 6 h time window. The outcome and recanalization rate depends not on the perfusion of the extracranial parts of the internal carotid artery.     

Evaluation of the carotid bifurcation by duplex ultrasound, intravenous and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

In 167 patients with cerebrovascular disorders 323 carotid bifurcations were investigated by Duplex ultrasound. In 100 of these patients, additionally intravenous digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed and in 35 patients, also intra-arterial DSA was carried out. In 32 patients all three procedures were performed. Comparing the results of Duplex scan and intravenous DSA with intra-arterial DSA it can be concluded that Duplex scan and intravenous DSA are comparable as screening methods for the evaluation of haemodynamically relevant stenoses and occlusions in extracranial artery disease. However, for the evaluation of stenotic vessels of less than 50% lumen reduction the Duplex scan showed a higher agreement rate with a contingency coefficient of 0.957 in comparison to intravenous DSA with a contingency coefficient of 0.903.     

Combined extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis in Korean patients

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of intracranial atherosclerosis among patients with steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease and to determine if there are factors related to the combined intracranial atherosclerosis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A tertiary referral hospital.Patients We studied 142 consecutive patients who had atherosclerotic steno-occlusive lesions (defined as > or =30% narrowing of the luminal diameter or occlusion) of an extracranial carotid artery confirmed by conventional angiography. We excluded patients who had potential cardiogenic sources of embolism. Potential vascular risk factors for each patient were obtained from medical records.Main Outcome Measure We determined the location and severity of atherosclerotic lesions by conventional angiography. We compared the vascular risk factors between patients with steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease alone and patients with combined intracranial atherosclerosis and extracranial carotid artery disease. RESULTS: Intracranial steno-occlusive lesions (> or =30% stenosis or occlusion) were found in 80 patients (56.3%). Of 121 patients with significant (> or =50% stenosis or occlusion) extracranial carotid artery disease, 58 (47.9%) also had significant lesions of intracranial arteries. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that diabetes mellitus was the only significant factor associated with combined intracranial atherosclerosis in patients with extracranial carotid artery disease. CONCLUSIONS: Intracranial atherosclerosis is common in Korean patients with steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease. Diabetes mellitus is associated with intracranial atherosclerosis in patients who had steno-occlusive extracranial carotid artery disease.     

缺血性脑血管病患者颅内外动脉狭窄分布研究

目的 研究缺血性脑血管病患者颅内外动脉狭窄分布特点.方法 本研究收集了1031例在院脑梗死和TIA患者的DSA资料,对其中资料完整的1000例患者进行分析.结果 DSA显示,1000例患者中有680例存在脑动脉狭窄,累计有1417条血管狭窄.发生部位依次为:大脑中动脉狭窄337条、椎动脉远端及基底动脉狭窄291条、颈内动脉颅外段狭窄280条、椎动脉起始段狭窄207条、颈内动脉虹吸段狭窄115条、大脑前动脉狭窄100条、大脑后动脉狭窄70条.大脑中动脉、椎基底动脉系统和颈动脉颅外段是最常见的动脉狭窄好发部位.颅内动脉狭窄331例,颅外动脉狭窄134例,颅内外动脉均见狭窄215例.结论 颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄仍是缺血性卒中的重要原因,最近三年,多发病变、颅外动脉病变检出率明显上升,值得关注,控制血压、血糖、血脂可预防脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的发生.     

经颅多普勒超声和颈动脉超声检测无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变

目的 分析无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病患者颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄和颅外颈动脉粥样硬化病变的发生频率及分布特征,并探讨其危险因素.方法 对94例无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病住院患者用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)和颈动脉超声判断颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变,颅内动脉只分析狭窄,颅外动脉病变包括颈动脉斑块及狭窄.分析各危险因素的影响.结果 55例(58.5%)有颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变.22例(23.4%)发现有颅内动脉狭窄,明显高于颅外颈动脉狭窄或闭塞(3/94,3.2%,χ~2=16.66,P＜0.01).大脑中动脉是颅内最常受累的动脉(狭窄率17.0%),占狭窄动脉数的58.5%.48例(51.0%)有颅外颈动脉粥样斑块或狭窄.Logistic多元回归分析显示糖尿病病程和合并高血压是颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变的独立危险因素.结论 无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病住院患者,半数以上有颅内外动脉粥样硬化改变,且与糖尿病病程及合并高血压有关,提示对上述高危患者应常规进行超声检测.