南京市7～12 岁儿童龋病流行病学调查分析

目的:了解南京市7～12 岁儿童龋病现状,为龋病预防工作提供基础资料.方法:参照WHO<口腔健康调查基本方法>和<第三次全国口腔健康调查方案>,抽取南京市1 652 名7～12 岁儿童,进行龋病检查.结果:8～9 岁为乳牙龋病高峰期,8 岁组患龋率高达73.80%,恒牙患龋率随着年龄增长而提高,12 岁组恒牙患龋率为33.51%;乳牙充填率11 岁组最高,为13.38%,恒牙充填率9 岁组最高,为14.29%.结论:南京市7～12 岁儿童乳、恒牙患龋率均较高,充填率较低.     

广州天河区儿童乳牙龋调查回顾分析

目的 了解天河区1995年和2001年儿童乳牙患龋情况。以便更有效的开展龋病预防工作。方法 调查比较1995年和2001年4岁，6岁儿童乳牙患龋情况。治疗情况。结果 4岁与6岁儿童的乳牙患龋率和龋均降低，治疗率和充填率提高，龋病在少数儿童中高发，结论 儿童口腔保健知识得到较好普及并起到积极的作用。     

四川省凉山地区0岁～4岁彝族、汉族儿童龋病调查与分析

我国龋病流行状况的显著特点是恒牙患龋率很低,而乳牙患龋很高。1995年全国口腔健康调查资料显示,2～3岁的儿童入园时患龋率已达到57．16％。为了解凉山地区彝族、汉族儿童患龋病情况,更好对该地区儿童的龋病进行早期防治,笔者对本地区0—4岁的儿童进行了龋病调查,报道如下。     

苏州市姑苏区7～9岁儿童龋病流行病学调查

目的 调查分析苏州市姑苏区7~9岁儿童龋病流行状况。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对苏州市姑苏区小学7~9岁1 452名学生进行乳牙及第一恒磨牙的龋病流行病学调查,以及第一恒磨牙的萌出和窝沟封闭情况。结果 乳牙患龋率77.69%,龋均3.706,充填率14.48%,乳牙患龋率和充填率随年龄增长呈下降趋势;第一恒磨牙患龋率21.21%,龋均0.444,充填率9.15%,恒牙患龋率和龋均8岁年龄组最低,而充填率随年龄增长呈上升趋势,总窝沟封闭率为10.74%。结论 苏州市7~9岁儿童乳牙及第一恒磨牙患龋率较高,充填率和窝沟封闭率较低,建议增加适龄儿童的窝沟封闭比例,加强口腔健康检查及随访。     

宜昌市弱势儿童龋病及口腔卫生状况调查

目的：了解宜昌市聋哑学校8—12岁盲、弱、聋哑儿童患龋情况及口腔卫生状况。方法：随机抽取聋哑学校98名8—12岁盲、弱、聋哑儿童进行口腔卫生状况、龋病调查，参照全国第2次口腔流行病学调查方案调查。结果：宜昌市聋哑学校8—12岁盲、弱、聋哑儿童乳牙患龋率66.33％，龋均3．01，充填率为0，恒牙患龋率67．35％，龋均1．49，充填率5．48％。结论：盲、弱、聋哑儿童患龋率均高，充填率极低，口腔卫生状况差，牙龈炎流行，提请社会对于这一弱势群体的口腔健康状况给予更多关爱。     

14岁以下儿童乳牙龋病调查

目的了解上海市三个区１４岁以下儿童乳牙龋患情况。方法龋病检查标准按照全国第二次口腔流行病学调查方案进行。结果儿童乳牙龋患病率、龋均随儿童年龄增大而升高,７岁组达到８３．３３％和３．７８,以后又随乳恒牙替换而逐渐下降,男女儿童患龋率基本一致,下颌乳牙患龋率高于上颌,下颌Ⅴ、Ⅳ的发病率最高,下颌Ⅰ、Ⅱ的发病率最低。乳牙龋患病率,龋均较以前有所下降,但乳牙龋充填率同时也有所下降。结论儿童口腔 健知识得到     

南京市城区8岁学生龋病流行状况抽样调查

目的了解南京市城区8岁学生龋病流行状况,为开展学生龋病预防工作提供依据。方法对南京市城区小学8岁学生进行龋病状况抽样调查1 163例。结果 8岁学生恒牙患龋率19.86%,龋均0.412;乳牙患龋率52.11%,龋均1.772;第二乳磨牙患龋率最高,占乳牙龋的45.85%,其次为第一乳磨牙,占乳牙龋的29.27%;龋齿充填率仅为13.10%。结论南京市城区8岁学生患龋率较高,且充填率低,应加强学生口腔健康教育和龋病预防工作,提高学生及家长对龋病的重视程度。     

沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙龋病流行病学抽样调查报告

目的 调查沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙龋患病情况.方法 采用分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取沈阳市内5区5岁常住人口440人及其家长,男女各半.检查儿童全口乳牙牙冠龋病情况,统计患龋率、龋均等,将所得数据与本地区1995年的调查数据进行比较;并对家长进行儿童饮食习惯、刷牙情况等的问卷调查.结果 乳牙患龋率为67.05％,龋均为3.10,龋齿充填完好率5.51％,曾接受过龋齿治疗的占8.41％.与1995年沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙龋病情况比较,患龋率有所下降(P＜0.001),龋均亦有下降(P＜0.001).问卷调查中有睡前进甜食行为者占41.28％,定期进行口腔健康检查者只占2.04％,在家长监督下有效刷牙率为10.17％,家长对儿童口腔健康状况满意率为82.91％.结论 沈阳市幼儿园5岁儿童乳牙患龋率与1995年相比虽然有所下降,但仍占较高比例.家长对儿童口腔健康认识程度低与高患龋率有关,对家长的口腔健康教育有待加强.     

1052例上海市普陀区外来儿童龋病调查

目的 了解上海市普陀区外来儿童的龋病发病情况。方法 按全国口腔流行学调查标准，对1052名外来儿童的龋病进行调查。结果 乳牙患龋率85．8％，龋均4．61；恒牙患龋率6．45％，龋均1．4。结论 上海市普陀区外来儿童乳牙龋病患病率仍处较高水平，防治是关键。     

北京市中年组人群恒牙龋病抽样调查报告

目的了解北京市35～44岁中年组人群恒牙龋病状况，为北京市口腔卫生保健规划提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法，抽取北京市35～44岁城乡常住居民共792名，男女各半，按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中的方法，检查全口恒牙患龋情况。结果792名受检者恒牙龋均1．74，患龋率58．59％，城市高于农村，女性高于男性。龋齿充填率39．97％，城市高于农村。恒牙根龋龋均0．55，根龋患龋率27．15％，根龋充填率仅1．85％，城乡之间无显著性差异。结论中年组人群根龋患病情况呈现明显上升趋势，应采取综合防治措施。同时，应加大对农村地区的口腔医疗及人力资源配置。     

东北地区人群第一恒磨牙龋病流行病学调查分析

目的了解东北地区第一恒磨牙患龋状况,为龋病防治策略提供依据。方法根据第三次全国口腔健康流行病学抽样调查方案,对东北地区9 394名5、12、35～44和65～74岁人群的第一恒磨牙龋病进行调查,采用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计分析,以患龋率和龋均作为统计指标。结果东北地区第一恒磨牙冠龋和根龋患病率分别为26.86%和3.81%,龋均分别为0.41和0.04,各省之间的患龋情况存在差异。冠龋主要发生于下颌,女性高于男性（P<0.01）,而根龋男女之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。辽宁省和黑龙江省第一恒磨牙冠龋城市高于农村（P<0.01）,但吉林省冠龋城市与农村无统计学差异（P>0.05）,根龋则各省城乡之间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论东北地区第一恒磨牙患龋较严重,应引起口腔医务工作者对其防治的重视。     

Caries experience of 5-6-year-old and 12-13-year-old schoolchildren in central and western Nepal

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the caries experience and caries prevalence in the deciduous dentition of 5-6-year-old schoolchildren and in the permanent dentition of 12-13-year-old schoolchildren in western and central Nepal. Design: Non-randomised cross-sectional surveys conducted by trained and calibrated examiners. SETTING: Surveys were conducted in private and government rural and urban schools at 10 sites along the Terai and the foothills in eight districts of western and central Nepal. SUBJECTS: A total of 2,177, 5-6-year-old and 3,323, 12-13-year-old schoolchildren from urban and rural areas were examined under WHO Pathfinder methodology. OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of caries and dental caries experience (dmft/DMFT). RESULTS: The caries prevalence and mean dmft score of 5-6-year-olds was 67% and 3.3 (urban 64% and 2.9; rural 78% and 4.0). The caries prevalence and mean DMFT score of 12-13-year-olds was 41% and 1.1 (urban 35% and 0.9; rural 54% and 1.5). The d/D-component constituted almost the entire dmft/DMFT index. CONCLUSION: The recorded prevalence of untreated dental caries in schoolchildren requires an appropriate oral health response based primarily on prevention and health promotion. Foremost in this regime would be the promotion and use of accessible and affordable fluoridated toothpaste.     

Caries prevalence and treatment needs of rural school children in Chidambaram Taluk, Tamil Nadu, South India

Objective: To obtain information on caries prevalence and treatment needs of children aged 5-10 years to plan appropriate dental care services in rural areas. Materials and Methods: Children studying in all the primary schools (six schools) in the field practice area of the Rural Health Centre of the Faculty of Medicine, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, were surveyed. Each child was clinically examined in the schools by calibrated examiners. Dental caries was assessed using diagnostic criteria recommended by WHO (1997). The chi-square test and two-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: Five hundred and eight 5-10 year-old school children (247 boys and 261 girls) were surveyed. Caries prevalence was 71.7 and 26.5% in primary and permanent dentition, respectively. The mean dmft and decayed missing filled tooth (DMFT) scores were 3.00 and 0.42 respectively. The mean dmft decreased with age ( P P P Conclusion: Dental caries is a significant public health problem in this population. An extensive system to provide primary oral health care has to be developed in the rural areas of India.     

上海浦东和江西黎川小学生第一恒磨牙龋患比较及危险因素分析

目的： 调查上海浦东及江西黎川小学生的第一恒磨牙患龋现状,并分析龋齿的危险因素,为小学生的龋齿防治提供科学依据。方法： 采取整群抽样方法,在上海浦东新区及江西黎川分别抽取2所和10所小学,共获得6~12岁小学生1922名,对小学生进行口腔健康检查,对其家长进行问卷调查。采用SPSS 21.0软件包进行统计学分析。结果： 江西黎川小学生共检出261例第一恒磨牙龋患,患龋率为23.6%,龋均为0.37±0.766;上海浦东小学生共检出96例第一恒磨牙龋患,患龋率为11.8%,龋均为0.19±0.582;两地患龋率和龋均均存在显著差异。危险因素分析显示,儿童睡前进甜食等不良习惯、儿童家长文化水平较低,与龋齿的发生存在显著相关性。结论： 农村地区小学生的龋患明显比城市严重;小学生不良的生活习惯是龋齿的危险因素,应在学校普及龋病防治知识,加强小学生保持口腔健康的意识。     

上海市闵行区2010-2014学年3～15岁儿童口腔健康状况调查

目的调查闵行区2010—2014学年不同年龄儿童的患龋率及龋均情况,分析5年来儿童易患龋年龄段及易患龋牙位情况。方法闵行区2010年9月—2015年8月公立中小幼机构3~15岁儿童进行口腔检查,获得其基线资料,建立个人口腔健康档案。应用SPSS 20.0软件包进行结果分析。结果从10至14学年,幼儿园学生、小学生5年来患龋率和龋均并无趋势可言(P>0.05),已趋于平稳,闵行区幼儿园学生患龋率在50%左右,小学生患龋率在60%左右;而中学生患龋率及龋均逐年下降,2014学年中学生患龋率下降至28.57%,龋均1.14,均明显低于幼儿园学生和小学生(P<0.01);就每个年级而言,3~8岁儿童随年龄增加患龋率和龋均升高,9~12岁儿童患龋率和龋均随年龄增加下降,13~15岁儿童随年龄增加患龋率下降,而龋均逐渐缓慢升高。结论幼儿园和小学学生的龋病预防和干预是关键,8岁前儿童主要预防乳牙龋,8岁以后第一磨牙的预防及早期干预尤为重要。     

南京市区一年级儿童乳牙龋病流行状况及影响因素分析

目的：调查南京市区一年级儿童乳牙龋病患病现状并分析其相关影响因素。方法：随机抽取南京市620名一年级儿童进行口腔健康检查,并对其父母进行问卷调查,分析儿童乳牙龋齿状况与问卷调查内容的相关性。结果：一年级儿童乳牙总患龋率和龋均分别为69.19％和3.64,乳牙充填率为9.67％。多元线性回归分析显示刷牙时间、饮用碳酸饮料、甜点、糖果巧克力与儿童乳牙患龋有关。结论：南京市一年级儿童乳牙患龋情况较严重,充填率低,应加强龋病的防治工作,强调学校与父母一同开展口腔健康教育。     

辽宁省人群患龋状况及趋势的抽样调查分析

目的:调查辽宁省城乡不同年龄组人群患龋状况,探讨(1995～2005)10年间龋患特点及趋势。方法:采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样方法,按照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》(第4版)的要求,对全省5、12、35～44、65～74岁4个年龄组的人群进行患龋状况抽样调查,并应用SPSS12.0软件包中的t检验和χ2检验对(1995、2005)2次流行病学调查的龋均和患龋率进行比较分析。结果:5、12、35～44岁人群2005年患龋率分别为73.86%、30.05%和63.89%,均低于1995年的89.49%、59.19%和70.26%。但65～74岁组2005年患龋率为67.40%,与1995年无显著性差异。2次调查中,除5岁组外,城市人群恒牙患龋率和龋均远高于农村;而儿童乳牙呈现出不同的特点,即1995年城市患龋高于农村,2005年农村高于城市。结论:辽宁省各年龄组(除外老年人)人群的患龋率与10年前相比呈下降趋势,儿童乳牙龋患城乡呈现不同发展规律。加强口腔健康教育,推广适宜的牙防技术,是降低我省人群患龋状况的关键。     

Oral health status among children and adolescents in governmental and private schools of the Palestinian Territories

Background: Political conflicts in the Palestinian Territories (PT) have resulted in systematic deterioration of socio-economic conditions and health. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasised the negative impacts of social crisis on children’ oral health and quality of life. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and trends in dental caries and poor gingival health of schoolchildren in the PT through the scholastic years 1998/1999 to 2012/2013. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Prevalence data on dental caries of primary and permanent dentitions among children 6, 12 and 16 years of age were gathered from annual oral health reports of the School Dental Health Programme (SDHP)-Ministry of Health. Caries was recorded according to WHO methods and criteria. Decayed, missing and filled teeth indices for primary (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) teeth were calculated. Gingival health status was examined according to the Community Periodontal Index (scores 1 and 2). Statistical analysis used SPSS. Results: In 2012/2013, dental caries prevalence rates and the index scores among schoolchildren were as follows, respectively: 56.4% and 2.7 dmft at age 6; 42.0% and 1.4 DMFT at age 12; and 38.7% and 1.7 DMFT at age 16. For all age groups, the d/D-component of the caries indices was high. Trends of dental-caries prevalence, caries experience and gingival bleeding were fairly constant over time from 1998/1999. Conclusion: The SDHP was established in order to prevent and control oral diseases among schoolchildren in the PT. The Programme is fairly passive and the survey indicates an urgent need for reorientation of activities towards population-based prevention and health promotion. The application of the WHO Health Promoting Schools concept is highly recommended.Key words: Dental caries, gingival health, schoolchildren     

Dental and periodontal health status in Campanian children and relation between caries experience and socio-economic behavioural factors.

AIM: Our aim was to record oral health situation through mean value of DMFT/dmft, Significant Caries Index (SiC) and CPITN values in a young-population sample in Campania (Italy) and to determine the possible relationship between oral health behaviour, socioeconomic factors and caries experience. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. METHODS: 101 children (age range 5-18 years) were randomly selected from 10 public schools of the Regional Campanian district and visited at the Paediatric Dentistry Department of Federico II University of Naples (Italy). Clinical examinations were conducted, under standard light, using a plane buccal mirror, a dental probe and air drying to evaluate caries experience and a WHO CPITN ball-point probe to record the periodontal health of each child. A questionnaire (investigating demographic and oral health behaviour data) was filled. X-ray bitewing were also taken. The comparison of quantitative variables among groups was carried out using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS AND STATISTICS: The caries prevalence was 81%; the sample mean values were 3.5 (SD=3.79) for DMFT and 3.8 (SD=3.39) for dmft. The variables influencing statistically DMFT/dmft values in the sample are the following: family socio-economic level, level of educational attainment of children mothers and use of the school canteen service. Most of the examined children show CPITN levels between 0 and 1. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm a high caries prevalence and also a need for preventive and educational programmes to obtain caries decrease.     

Caries experience and oral hygiene status of blind, deaf and mentally retarded female children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the caries experience and oral hygiene status in blind, deaf and mentally retarded female children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHOD: All (N=218) the 6-7-year-old and 11-12-year-old blind, deaf and mentally retarded female children registered with the Presidency of Girls' Education schools in Riyadh were examined for dental caries and oral hygiene in a dental operatory setting. RESULTS: All (100%) the blind 6-7-year-old had caries with a mean dmft score of 6.58 (SD 2.02). The caries prevalence in blind 11-12-year-olds was 88.2% with a mean DMFT score of 3.89 (SD 2.67). Among 6-7-year-old blind children 8.3 %, and in 11-12-year-old blind children 29.4% had good oral hygiene. The caries prevalence in deaf 6-7-year-olds was 95.7% with a mean dmft score of 7.35 (SD 3.51). The caries prevalence in 11-12-year-old deaf children was 93% with a mean DMFT of 5.12 (SD 3.45). Less than one-fifth (17.4%) of the 6-7-year-old deaf children and only 7.0% of 11-12-year-old deaf children had good oral hygiene. The caries prevalence in mentally retarded 6-7-year-old was 93.9% with a mean dmft of 8.00 (SD 4.1). All the mentally retarded 11-12-year-old had carious teeth with a mean DMFT score of 5.81 (SD 2.95). Only 3.1% of the mentally retarded 6-7-year-old and none of the mentally retarded 11-12-year-olds had good oral hygiene. CONCLUSIONS: Caries prevalence and severity in all the three groups of female special children were very high, and the number of children with good oral hygiene was very low.