Smoking expands expected lifetime with musculoskeletal disease regardless of educational level

Lifetime with musculoskeletal disease were estimated for never smokers and smokers at three educational levels. Expected lifetime with musculoskeletal disease was 7.4 and 10.6 years for 30-year-old men and women, respectively. Regardless of educational level smokers could expect more years with the diseases than never smokers. Thus, the impact of smoking on the burden of musculoskeletal diseases is not confounded by educational level.     

期望寿命及健康寿命应用分析

目的　对居民期望寿命和健康寿命的应用进行分析。　方法　采用宁波市城乡 2 0 0 0年居民病伤死因年报表和 2 0 0 1年宁波市城市居民慢性病调查数据 ,分析全死因、去死因期望寿命及健康寿命。　结果　全死因、去死因期望寿命分布均表现为女性高于男性 ,城市高于农村。宁波市 35岁以上城市居民不健康寿命平均为 9.2 1岁 ,占期望寿命的比例各年龄组从 4 3.4 3%到 6 9.88%不等 ,随年龄增长比例逐渐下降。各年龄组健康寿命女性均高于男性 ,平均高 3.0 8岁。　结论　健康寿命是评价人群健康状况的有用指标     

景德镇市卫生系统员工吸烟状况和控烟态度调查

目的了解景德镇市卫生系统员工吸烟状况和对控烟工作的态度。方法采取自行设计的调查问卷,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法调查了6所医院的1693名员工。结果被调查对象的总吸烟率为18.2%,而男员工吸烟率则为47.3%,在303名男性吸烟员工中医务人员又占了64.4%;另外,大多数人知道吸烟有害健康,但缺乏对相关法律、法规知识的了解;对控烟工作绝大多数人持赞成态度。结论大力开展医院控烟健康教育,卫生系统员工要作控烟工作的表率。     

2013年中国居民预期寿命和去死因预期寿命分析

目的 系统分析2013年我国不同地区、不同人群预期寿命及主要疾病对预期寿命的影响程度,揭示我国经济和社会发展对居民健康水平及公平性提高的影响和作用。方法 综合利用国家统计局人口普查及国家卫生和计划生育委员会人口死亡登记数据,采用指数模型、漏报调整及简略寿命表等方法,系统估算我国居民2013年人均预期寿命水平及疾病影响程度。结果 2013年我国居民预期寿命为75.8岁,较2010年的74.8岁提高约1岁。其中城市约为77.4岁,农村约为75.1岁,城乡差距约为2.3岁;东部地区约为77.2岁,中部地区约为75.8岁,西部地区约为73.5岁,东西地区差距约为3.6岁。2013年造成我国居民预期寿命损失的前10位疾病分别为脑血管病,缺血性心脏病,慢性阻塞性肺病,肺、气管和支气管癌,道路伤害,肝癌,胃癌,高血压心脏病,下呼吸道感染,食道癌,共造成寿命损失7.97岁。结论 我国居民预期寿命已处于较高水平,地区间差异依然存在,应制定针对不同地区的疾病管理、医疗救治及危险因素干预政策,使预期寿命进一步提高,并提高生存质量。     

浙江省居民健康期望寿命分析

目的 分析浙江省居民1998、2003和2008年健康期望寿命以及年龄、性别和城乡之间的差异.方法 利用浙江省死因监测资料和浙江省卫生服务调查家庭户成员相关健康资料,采用Sullivan法计算健康期望寿命.结果 浙江省居民期望寿命、健康期望寿命和健康期望寿命比值,1998年为73.89岁、58.09岁和78.62%,2003年为75.91岁、57.76岁和76.08%,2008年为76.70岁、59.57岁和77.66%.浙江省居民期望寿命、健康期望寿命和健康期望寿命比值均随着年龄的上升而下降.女性期望寿命高于男性,男性健康期望寿命比值高于女性.城市居民期望寿命高于农村居民,但是农村居民健康期望寿命和健康期望寿命比值均高于城市居民.结论 浙江省居民期望寿命随着年份递增而递增,不同年龄、不同性别和不同地区的健康期望寿命存在差异,应采取不同卫生政策.     

长沙市医务人员的吸烟状况和吸烟知识调查

目的了解医务人员的吸烟情况及其吸烟与健康的知识,为在医务人员继续教育课程中增设有关吸烟与健康的内容提供依据.方法采用问卷调查法对长沙市269名医生和护士的吸烟状况和有关吸烟与健康的知识水平进行了调查. 结果共发出量表323份,收回有效量表269份.269名被调查对象中男性124人,女性145人,平均年龄为32.0±8.0岁.现在吸烟者56例,均为男性,占男性的45.5%.被调查对象吸烟与健康的知识得分为22.0±4.46(4～29).调查对象对吸烟的一般危害,及其与疾病的关系认识较清楚.调查对象中53.9%非常关心吸烟对健康的危害.对吸烟的危害的关心程度与被调查者的吸烟与健康知识水平有关(P<0.01).男女间吸烟与健康的知识水平得分差异均无显著性意义.不吸烟者的吸烟与健康的知识水平显著高于吸烟者(P<0.05),调查对象吸烟与健康的知识水平与年龄呈弱负相关(P<0.05). 结论在医务人员的继续教育课程中增设有关吸烟与健康的内容十分必要.     

北京市居民健康期望寿命测算研究

目的：基于卫生系统现有数据测算北京市居民健康期望寿命,对该指标本土化研究与应用提出建议。资料与方法：利用2008年北京市年度人口和死亡资料,第四次国家卫生服务调查和第二次全国残疾人抽样调查资料,基于沙利文法测算常用健康期望寿命指标。结果：2008年北京市居民0岁自评健康期望寿命为72．75岁,男性71．22岁,女性73．89岁。0岁无失能期望寿命75．18岁,男性73．85岁,女性76．56岁。0岁无慢性病期望寿命62．73岁,男性61．87岁,女性63．75岁。北京居民健康期望寿命在期望寿命中的占比男性通常高于女性,但老年人口中,男性健康期望寿命在期望寿命中的占比低于女性。政策建议：使用健康期望寿命作为居民健康状况评价的重要指标,借鉴国外成熟经验建立本土化的数据报告和收集制度,推进居民全生命周期人口相关信息数据的整合与利用,重视老年人口的长期照护需求及其健康支持体系建设。     

Social gradient in life expectancy and health expectancy in Denmark

Summary Objectives: Health status of a population can be evaluated by health expectancy expressed as average lifetime in various states of health. The purpose of the study was to compare health expectancy in population groups at high, medium and low educational levels.Methods: Health interview data were combined with life table figures using Sullivans method.Results: Life expectancy was 4.3 years longer for 30-year-old men with a high educational level than for those with a low level. At age 30, the proportion of expected lifetime in self-rated good health was 67.7%, 76.1% and 82.3% for men with a low, medium and high educational level, respectively. Among women, life expectancy differed by 2.7 years between low and high educational level, and the proportion of expected lifetime in self-rated good health was 62.5% at the low and 80.5% at the high educational level.Conclusions: Educational level and life expectancy are clearly related. The social gradient in terms of health expectancy is even greater than that in terms of life expectancy.     

金属加工作业的工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼疾患的关系

目的　了解金属加工行业的肌肉骨骼疾患情况 ,分析其危险因素 ,初步探讨提举系数(LI)在中国应用的有效性和实用性。方法　选择 6 9名从事手工操作的金属加工工人作为提举作业组 (JobA) ,另选同一企业机械化程度较高的 5 1名工人作为对照组 (JobB)。采用问卷调查、Ovako劳动姿势分析系统 (OvakoWorkingPostureAnalysingSystem ,OWAS)、提举参数测量及日提举负荷量计算等方法分析负荷与下背痛的关系。结果　JobA组的下背痛患病率明显高于JobB组 ,在过去 12个月内 ,下背痛持续 2 4h以上的分别为 6 3.77%、37.2 5 % ,持续 1周以上的分别为 2 6 .0 9%、5 .88% ;JobA组的背部姿势异常率 (6 6 % )高于JobB组 (6 3% ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。JobA的提举指数为 2 .4 ,高于 1.0的限值 (JobB为 0

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宁波市医务工作者吸烟与控烟情况调查

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医院门诊实施控烟干预的研究

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2013年中国居民吸烟对归因死亡和期望寿命的影响

目的 分析2013年我国吸烟的归因死亡和对期望寿命的影响。方法 利用2013年死因监测数据和慢性病及其危险因素监测数据,针对不同疾病特点,将以现在吸烟率作为暴露水平的直接法和以吸烟影响比作为暴露水平的间接法相结合,计算吸烟导致不同疾病死亡的人群归因分值,从而估计吸烟对于死亡和期望寿命的影响。结果 2013年中国人群由于吸烟导致约159.33万人死亡,占总死亡人数的17.38%,其中男性吸烟导致的死亡占比（23.66%）远远高于女性（8.30%）,城市人群吸烟导致的死亡占比（17.24%）略低于农村人群（17.51%）,东部地区人群吸烟导致的死亡占比最低（16.81%）,西部地区最高（17.91%）。2013年中国人群吸烟导致死亡人数在前三位的疾病是肺癌、COPD和缺血性心脏病,吸烟导致死亡归因分值最大的前三位疾病是肺癌、COPD和鼻咽癌。2013年中国人群吸烟导致期望寿命损失2.04岁,其中最高的为西部地区男性,共损失3.05岁。结论 吸烟仍是我国重要的公共卫生问题,针对重点地区人群开展控烟工作,可以降低吸烟相关疾病的死亡,有效地提高我国人群健康水平。     

Health care use associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital workers

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate if work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are associated with increased health care use, over and above workers’ compensation health care benefits, in the period prior to and following a workers’ compensation claim indicating gradual progression and declining function associated with musculoskeletal morbidity. Methods: This study employed secondary analysis of employment data, workers’ compensation claim data and provincial (universal) medical services data for a cohort of health care workers; and investigated rates of medical care contacts among injured workers with a WMSD claim (n=549) compared to a matched group of non-claim workers. Predictors of health care contacts were estimated using general linear regression. Results: WMSD injured workers had significantly higher rates of health care contacts associated with a claim compared to non-injured workers, over and above workers compensation health care benefits. In the final multi-variable model, a WMSD claim among injured workers was associated with an estimated 69% (95% CI, 1.50, 1.91) increase in health care use for the 12-month period immediately after the injury date compared to non injured workers. Conclusion: The pattern of visits for WMSDs suggests that workers visit general practitioners as part of an ongoing pattern of symptoms, resulting in frequent utilization of health services prior to work disability that is also reflected in health care contacts after return-to-work.     

广西青少年吸烟行为现况调查

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Smoking status and adiponectin in healthy Japanese men and women

BACKGROUND: Recent studies promisingly indicate that adiponectin plays an important and fundamental role in the development and progression of metabolic and atherosclerosis disorders. Smoking is known as one of the most important risk factors of atherosclerosis, and its relation with metabolic disorders has also been reported. We therefore investigated the association between cigarette smoking and adiponectin concentration in a large sample of Japanese men and women. METHOD: The cross-sectional study was carried out in 2002. The subjects were 3260 men and 953 women local government workers aged 35 to 59 in Japan. Lifestyle-related variables including detailed smoking history were inquired in a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant differences in adiponectin levels related to smoking status were observed in both men and women (p=0.001). A dose-dependent association was found between the intensity of smoking and adiponectin levels in current smokers, and was statistically significant in men (p for trend=0.006 in the multivariate-adjusted model). Men who quit smoking for more than 20 years and women for more than 10 years had an adiponectin concentration similar to that observed in non-smokers. CONCLUSION: We not only revealed that current smoking habit was associated with low adiponectin level but also found a dose-dependent association between smoking intensity and adiponectin level in current smokers. The present finding may provide further evidence of the importance of a causal relationship between smoking status and adiponectin concentrations.     

Rising mortality and life expectancy differentials by lifetime earnings in the United States

Are mortality and life expectancy differences by socioeconomic groups increasing in the United States? Using a unique data set matching administrative and survey data, this study explores trends in these differentials by lifetime earnings for the 1983–2003 period. Results indicate a consistent increase in mortality differentials across sex and age groups. The study also finds a substantial increase in life expectancy differentials by lifetime earnings: the top-to-bottom quintile premium increased 30 percent for men and almost doubled for women. These results complement recent research to point to almost five decades of increasing differential mortality in the United States.     

Socio-economic inequalities in health expectancy in Belgium

Various international studies have demonstrated socio-economic differences in health. Linking the 1991 Census to the National Register and using the Health Interview Survey 1997 has enabled assessment of the association between the level of education and health in Belgium using the composite indicator 'health expectancy'. The Sullivan method was used to calculate health expectancy on the basis of current probability of death and prevalence of perceived health. Two measures of educational attainment were used: absolute educational attainment and the position on a relative hierarchical educational scale obtained by a regression-based method. The latter measure enables international comparisons. Differences in health expectancy by education were spread over the whole range of the educational hierarchy, and were consistently larger among females than males. At 25 years of age, the difference in health expectancy between different levels of education reached up to 17.8 and 24.7 years in males and females, respectively. Compared with people with the highest educational attainment, males and females at the lowest level of education spent more than 10 and 20 additional years in poor perceived health, respectively. Between ages 25 and 75 years, the difference in health expectancy between people with the lowest and highest levels of education was 17 years among males and 21 years among females. Compared with people at the top of the relative educational scale, males and females at the bottom of the scale had 13.6 and 19.7 additional years in poor perceived health, respectively. The conclusions of this study in Belgium are consistent with studies in other countries. People with a low level of education have shorter lives than people with a higher level of education. They also have fewer years in good perceived health, and can expect more years in poor health in their shorter lives. The inequality in health expectancy seems to be greater in females than males.     

The National Health Plan 2030: Its Purpose and Directions of Development

The National Health Plan 2030 (HP2030) started to be prepared in 2017 and was completed and announced in December 2020. This study presents an overview of how it was established, the major changes in policies, its purpose, and future directions. This study analyzed the steps taken in the past 4 years to establish HP2030 and reviewed major issues at the international and governmental levels based on an evaluation of HP2020 and its content. HP2030 establishes 6 divisions and 28 topic areas, and it will continue to expand investments in health with a total budget of 2.5 trillion Korean won. It also established goals to enhance health equity for the first time, with the goal of calculating healthy life expectancy in a way that reflects the circumstances of Korea and reducing the gap in income and healthy life expectancy between regions. The establishment of HP2030 is significant in that it constitutes a sustainable long-term plan with sufficient preparation, contains policy measures that everyone participates in and makes together, and works towards improvements in universal health standards and health equity. With the announcement of HP2030, which includes goals and directions of the national health policy for the next 10 years, it will be necessary to further strengthen collaboration with relevant ministries, local governments, and agencies in various fields to concretize support for prevention-centered health management as a national task and to develop a health-friendly environment that considers health in all policy areas.     

Rehabilitation medicine-Efficacy and effectiveness in the German health care system exemplified for persons with musculoskeletal diseases

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