E-CD和CD_(44)V_6在膀胱癌组织中的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组化 SABC法对 81例膀胱移行细胞癌患者癌组织中细胞粘附分子上皮钙粘附素 (E- CD)和CD44 V6的表达进行检测。结果显示 ,E- CD的异常表达与膀胱癌临床分期、病理分级、淋巴结转移显著相关 (P均<0 .0 5 )。 CD44 V6的阳性表达与膀胱癌临床分期、病理分级有显著关系 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,伴淋巴结转移组的 CD44 V6阳性表达率显著低于未转移组 (P<0 .0 1)。认为 E- CD和 CD44 V6均与膀胱癌浸润转移明显相关 ,两者结合分析能够更准确地反映膀胱癌的生物学行为     

CD44s和CD44v6在肺癌组织中的表达及意义

采用免疫组化法检测107例肺癌组织中标准型CD44（CD44s）和变异型CD44（CD44v）6的表达,结果，17例小细胞肺癌（SCLC）中，CD44v6和CD44s均无表达;非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中，CD44v6和CD44s在鳞癌中的阳性表达率（81．0％和83．3％）均高于腺癌（39．6％和54．2％），P均〈0．05;无淋巴结转移的NSCLC中，CD44v6阳性表达率（34．0％）低于CD44s（78．0％）。P〈0．05；有淋巴结转移的NSCLC中．CD44v6阳性表达率（90．0％）高于CD44s（55．0％），P〈0．05。NSCLC的CD44v6和CD44s表达与其病理类型、临床分期、肿瘤分级及淋巴结转移均有关（P均〈0．05）。认为CD44v6和CD44s可以作为鉴别SCLC与NSCLC及判断肺癌病理类型、临床分期、肿瘤分级及淋巴结转移的参考指标。     

非小细胞肺癌外周血CD44和CD54表达的定量研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44和CD54表达与临床病理的关系。方法 应用流式细胞术对50例肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44和CD54表达与临床病理的关系。方法 应用流式细胞术对50例肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44和CD54表达进行荧光免疫检测,并与正常对照组（30名）及肺部良性病变组（25例）进行对比研究。结果 50例肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44和CD54表达明显高于正常对照组及良性病变组（P＜0．01）。良性病变组和正常对照组之间CD44和CD54的表达比较,差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。肺癌伴淋巴结转移CD44和CD54高于不伴淋巴结转移者（P＜0．01）;Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期和Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期之间CD44表达比较,差异有显著性（P＜0．01）;Ⅳ期和Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期之间CD54表达比较,差异有显著性（P＜0．01）。CD44和CD54表达与肺癌组织学分级有明显相关性（P＜0．05或0．01）;与鳞癌和腺癌没有相关性。结论 应用流式细胞仪检测CD44和CD54的表达水平可作为肺癌转移和预后的指标。     

CD44v6在胰腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨CD44v6蛋白表达与胰腺癌增殖及淋巴结转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学（S－P）法检测38例胰腺癌组织标本中CD44v6和PCNA的表达。结果：CD44v6在胰腺癌中的阳性率为65％（25／38），与淋巴结转移呈非常显相关（P＜0．01），与胰分化程度无关（P＞0．05）。CD44v6阳性染色胰腺组织中PCNA标记率较阴性高（P＜0．05）。结论：CD44v6在胰腺癌的增殖，转移过程中可能起重要作用，可作为胰腺癌预后预测的生物学指标之一。     

食管癌中桩蛋白、CD44V6的表达及意义

目的探讨桩蛋白（Paxillin）和CD44V6在食管癌组织中的表达及其与食管癌生物学行为的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测食管癌组织中Paxillin和CD44V6的表达及两者的相关性。结果Paxillin和CD44V6在食管鳞癌和腺癌中的表达高于食管正常黏膜（P〈0．01）;Paxillin和CD44V6在食管鳞癌中表达与临床分期（P〈0．01）、浸润深度（P〈0．01）和淋巴结转移（P〈0．05）有关;Paxillin和CD44V6在食管鳞癌中表达无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论Paxillin和CD44V6的表达在食管鳞癌的侵袭转移过程中发挥着重要的作用,可作为反映食管癌肿瘤生物学指标和抗肿瘤治疗的靶点。     

非小细胞肺癌中MMP-2、CD44V6的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨细胞黏附因子（CD44V6）和基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的表达及其与肺癌浸润、转移和预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析43例术前未进行放、化疗的肺癌患者的切除标本,采用免疫组化SP法检测肺癌组织中的CD44V6和MMP-2的表达。结果 肺鳞癌与肺腺癌中CD44V6的阳性表达率分别为58．33％（14／24）和68．42％（13／19）;MMP-2的阳性表达率分别为54．16％（13／24）和84．21％（16／19）。CD44V6与MMP-2的阳性表达与淋巴结转移、肺癌病理分期以及术后血行转移显著相关（P〈0．05）,CD44V6阳性表达者的3年生存率为25．62％,5年生存率为6．41％;阴性表达者的3年生存率为64．71％,5年生存率为56．82％,两者差异显著（P=0．000）。MMP-2阳性者的3年生存率为18．8％,5年生存率为8．67％;阴性表达者的3年生存率为66．30％,5年生存率为42．66％,两者差异显著（P=0．0067）。CD44V6和MMP-2的阳性表达呈显著性相关（P：0．007）。结论CD44V6和MMP-2对于肺癌的侵袭、淋巴结转移、术后血行转移以及预后有一定作用。     

E-CD和CD44V6在肾细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组化方法检测61例肾细胞癌（RCC）组织和12例正常肾组织中上皮钙黏附素（E-CD）和CD44基因含V6外显子变异体（CD44V6）的表达情况。结果正常肾组织中E-CD、CD44V6均呈阳性表达。RCC组织中E-CD、CD44V6保留表达率在不同细胞类型中无显著差异,不同分级和分期中有显著差异,E-CD在转移组和无转移组、脉管浸润组和无脉管浸润组之间有显著差异,CD44V6在转移组和无转移组、脉管浸润组和无脉管浸润组之间无显著差异。认为E-CD在RCC组织中的保留表达率和分级、分期、转移及浸润呈负相关,CD44V6在RCC组织中的保留表达率和分级、分期呈正相关。     

大肠癌组织中CD44V6和MMP-7的表达及临床意义

目的观察大肠癌和癌旁组织中CD44V6和基质金属蛋白酶-7（MMP-7）的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理指标的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法分别检测大肠癌及癌旁组织中的CD44V6及MMP-7。结果大肠癌组织中CD44V6和MMP-7的阳性表达率分别是84．9％和68．9％,明显高于癌旁组织中的13．2％和8．4％（P〈0．01）。CD44V6和MMP-7的表达与大肠癌组织分化、浸润深度、临床分期及淋巴结转移有关。结论CD44V6和MMP-7与大肠癌侵袭和转移性有关,对分析大肠癌的生物学行为和判断预后有重要意义。     

大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达及意义

目的 探讨大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达,分析其与大肠癌临床病理指标的关系。方法采用高敏感性催化信号放大免疫组化技术,检测78例大肠癌组织、20例癌旁组织和20例正常大肠组织中CD44v6表达水平。结果大肠癌组织中CD44v6阳性表达率为83．3％,癌旁组织中为40％,正常组织中为阴性,两两比较,P〈0．01;CD44v6阳性表达与大肠癌的临床分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移及远处转移和患者预后有关（P〈0．05）。结论CD44v6的表达与大肠癌的侵袭、转移有关,并在大肠癌发生、发展中发挥重要作用。大肠癌组织中CD44v6的表达情况可作为判定其预后的新生物学指标。     

新辅助化疗后大肠癌患者癌组织中CD44v6、p27的表达及意义

目的探讨新辅助化疗后大肠癌患者癌组织中CD44v6、p27的表达及意义。方法免疫组化法测定42例未化疔（对照组）及44例新辅助化疗后（观察组）大肠癌患者癌组织、癌旁组织和正常组织中CD44v6、p27的表达。结果两组癌组织中p27的表达低于癌旁和正常组织（P〈0．05）。p27表达与肿瘤分化程度密切相关（P〈0．05）。观察组癌组织中p27表达明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组癌组织中CD44v6表达高于癌旁和正常组织（P〈0．05）。CD44v6异常表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、Duke’s分期密切相关（P〈0．01）。观察组中CD44v6表达显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论新辅助化疗能有效降低大肠癌细胞的侵袭与转移,检测CD44v6和p27蛋白表达水平有助于判断病变性质、复发转移潜能、评估患者预后及术后治疗方案的合理选择。     

Development of a monoclonal antibody capable of differentiating platelet PLA1/PLA1, PLA1/PLA2 and PLA2/PLA2 genotypes

A monoclonal antibody, LK-4, has been developed which distinguishes platelet PLA1/PLA1, PLA1/PLA2 and PLA2/PLA2 genotypes on platelet glycoprotein GPIIIa of Triton-solubilized platelet extracts. An ELISA assay has been developed which traps GPIIIa with Concanavalin A, enriching the platelet extract for the PLA antigens. A second monoclonal antibody, DEK-10, which reacts equally with GPIIIa of PLA1/PLA1 and PLA2/PLA2 platelet extracts is employed as an internal standard to correct for individual differences in GPIIIa content, GPIIIa extracted by Triton X-100 and GPIIIa trapped with Concanavalin A. This ELISA assay clearly differentiated 11 different PLA1/PLA1 subjects from eight PLA2/PLA2 women with a history of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia as well as six unrelated obligate heterozygotes and should be useful in evaluating the PLA genotype of pregnant women and their families.     

Na^＋／H^＋交换、Na^＋／K^＋／2Cl^－转运体抑制剂对缺血大鼠心脏保护作用的研究

目的研究Na+/H+交换抑制剂阿米洛利(Amiloride)、Na+/K+/2Cl-协同转运抑制剂呋塞米(Furosemide)对长时间低温保存下离体大鼠心脏的保护作用.方法建立Langendorff及工作心脏灌注模型.实验组用St.Thomas-2(STH-2)液+阿米洛利+呋塞米停搏并保存其中,对照组只用STH-2停搏、保存.置7 C环境5 h后恢复灌流.观察血流动力学、心肌酶学及超微结构的变化.结果实验组冠状动脉流量(CAF)、左心室收缩压(LVSP)、左心室压力变化速率(±dp/dt)的恢复率均优于对照组(P＜0.01);肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量明显少于对照组(P＜0.05);心肌组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶和Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活力均显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);实验组的心肌细胞超微结构得到较好的保护.结论Na+/H+交换、Na+/K+/2Cl-协同转运抑制剂对缺血大鼠心肌具有明显保护作用.     

pH-Regulated Na+ Influx into the Mammalian Ventricular Myocyte: The Relative Role of Na+-H+ Exchange and Na+-HCO3− Co-Transport

In the heart, intracellular Na⁺ concentration (Na⁺_i) is a controller of intracellular Ca²⁺ signaling, and hence of key aspects of cell contractility and rhythm. Na⁺_i will be influenced by variation in Na⁺ influx. In the present work, we consider one source of Na⁺ influx, sarcolemmal acid extrusion. Acid extrusion is accomplished by sarcolemmal H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ transporters that import Na⁺ ions while exporting H⁺ or importing HCO₃⁻. The capacity of this system to import Na⁺ is enormous, up to four times the maximum capacity of the Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase to extrude Na⁺ ions from the cell. In this review we consider the role of Na⁺-H⁺ exchange (NHE) and Na⁺-HCO₃⁻co-transport (NBC) in mediating Na⁺ influx into cardiac myocytes. We consider, in particular, the role of NBC, as so little is known about Na⁺ influx through this transporter. We show that both proteins mediate significant Na⁺ influx and that although, in the ventricular myocyte, NBC-mediated Na⁺ influx is less than through NHE, the proportions may be altered under a variety of conditions, including exposure to catecholamines, membrane depolarization, and interference with activity of the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase.     

Ethanol and (Na+,K+)-ATPase: Alteration of Na+-K+ Selectivity

Relative internal concentrations of Na+ and K+ are important in regulating (Na+,K+)-ATPase in situ. Ethanol is known to inhibit (Na+,K+)-ATPase and to reduce K+ affinity, but the concentrations required for these effects in vitro are large compared with those probably attainable in vivo. Yet, there is evidence suggesting that ethanol has physiologically relevant effects on (Na+,K+)-ATPase. We have investigated the effects of ethanol on selectivity for Na+ versus K+. At 150 mM, ethanol had little effect on (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity under the usual assay conditions, slightly (but nonsignificantly) reduced K+ affinity, and had no effect on extrapolated Na+ affinity in the absence of K+. However, ethanol had marked effects on cation selectivity, doubling the Ki for K+ on Na+ affinity and halving the Ki for Na+ on K+ affinity. These data show that ethanol, at concentrations too small for effects on (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity under optimal assay conditions, can alter its responses to changes in Na+ or K+.     

CD3−CD4−CD8−CD56−CD19−CD14− cells and CD3+CD8 dull-positive cells produce IL-4 in AIDS patients

We used flow cytometry to identify the presence of intracellular cytokines (cytoflow) and analyse the production of IL-4 in peripheral blood from AIDS patients who have practically no CD4⁺ T cells. We found that IL-4 was produced by CD3⁻CD4⁻CD8⁻CD56⁻CD19⁻CD14⁻ cells and CD3⁺CD8 dull-positive cells in AIDS patients. Moreover, CD3⁻CD4⁻ CD8⁻CD56⁻CD19⁻CD14⁻ cells had helper activity for immunoglobulin synthesis. These findings indicate that instead of CD4⁺ T helper cells, C3⁻CD4⁻CD8⁻CD56⁻ CD19⁻CD14⁻ cells and CD3⁺CD8 dull-positive cells may be an important source of IL-4 in a variety of immune responses for AIDS patients.     

Preventive effect of melatonin against DNA damage induced by cyanide, kainate, glutathione/Fe3+/O2, or H2O2/Fe2+

We have investigated hydroxyl free radical (.OH)-mediated damage to calf thymus DNA produced by potassium cyanide, kainate, H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+), or glutathione/Fe(3+) by in vitro method. When calf thymus DNA was exposed to potassium cyanide (0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mM) or kainate (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mM) for 90 min at 37 degrees C in homogenate or the 9000g supernatant of mice brain, the quantity of DNA damage was observed to be concentration-dependent. Similarly, glutathione (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0 mM) inflicted damage on calf thymus DNA in the presence of Fe(3+) (3.0 microM). In addition, hydrogen peroxide (0.15, 0.30, 0.75, 1.50, or 3.0 mM) also caused damage to calf thymus DNA in the presence of Fe(2+) (3.0 microM) in the same manner. Furthermore, it was observed that the DNA damage induced by potassium cyanide (2.0 mM), kainate (0.5 mM), glutathione (4.0 mM)/Fe(3+), and H(2)O(2) (1.5 mM)/Fe(2+) was prevented by the treatment with melatonin (1.0 or 1.5 mM), a potent .OH scavenger. These results suggest that cyanide, kainate, glutathione/Fe(3+), and H(2)O(2)/Fe(2+)-mediated .OH may play a cardinal role for DNA damage induced by these chemicals. Hence the conclusion of the present study is that melatonin protects against DNA damage induced by the .OH produced by these chemicals.     

Common variants in the CLDN2-MORC4 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci confer susceptibility to acute pancreatitis

Background/Objectives

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders often requiring hospitalization. Frequent aetiologies are gallstones and alcohol abuse. In contrast to chronic pancreatitis (CP) few robust genetic associations have been described. Here we analysed whether common variants in the CLDN2-MORC4 and the PRSS1-PRSS2 locus that increase recurrent AP and CP risk associate with AP.

H2O2 Release from Filtration Leukapheresis-Procured Leukocytes

Abstract. Filtration leukapheresis-procured leukocytes (FL-leukocytes), which were collected by the elution of filtration columns with vigorous tapping, released a certain amount of H₂O₂, even in the absence of any phagocytic stimuli. Furthermore, FL-leukocytes, eluted with either gentle or vigorous tapping, exhibited a marked release of H₂O₂ during phagocytosis. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of FL-leukocytes was lower than that of leukocytes collected by the dextran sedimentation method (DS-leukocytes). The data suggest that the release of both H₂O₂ and MPO from FL-leukocytes may be related to adverse transfusion reactions and abnormal post-transfusion kinetics of FL-leukocytes due to their toxic effects on living cells.     

A1,2BO1,2 genotyping by multiplexed allele-specific PCR

The ABO blood group is the most clinically important human alloantigen system in transfusion medicine. The system involves three antigens A, B and H. H antigen is converted to either A or B by the activity of α1 → 3- n -acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase (A transferase) or α1 → 3 galactosyl transferase (B transferase). The O phenotype is the result of an inactive glycosyltransferase, which is unable to glycosylate the H antigen.
The immunological properties of the ABO system were identified at the turn of the century; however, the genetic basis of the ABO system has only recently been characterized. This has enabled the development of a number of molecular ABO typing methods. Described here is a two-reaction multiplex allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) genotyping assay for the A¹, A², B, O¹ and O² subtypes. 11 different allele-specific oligonucleotide primers were selected to detect the presence or absence of the O¹ associated G →  (−) deletion at base 261, the O² associated G → A substitution at base 802, the B associated G → A substitution at base 803, and finally the A² associated C → (−) deletion at base 1059.
A total of 122 peripheral blood samples were genotyped and serologically forward and reverse typed. A concordance rate of 98.4% (120/122 samples) was observed between the actual genotype and the serologically-based predicted genotype. These results indicate that this assay provides a rapid, accurate, and simple method for A^1,2BO^1,2 genotyping that serves as a useful supplement to standard serological ABO typing.