成分科按照新版《中国输血技术操作规程》开展工作

2012年版《中国输血技术操作规程》颁布以来,中心成分科将规程中成分制备部分进行了摘录并进行了新旧版详细的对照分析和认真的学习,此次新版操作规程涉及到成分制备部分不但多而且繁杂,从制备的成分品种、制备环境、设备、物料、制备起始血液、制备方法、标识、目视检测、到质量记录等都有详细的规定和要求。其中在成分血液制备方法、物料、质量记录等     

血液非正常报废原因分析和防控措施

对2012年-2015年采集血液的非正常报废情况进行回顾性统计分析,发现破袋、脂血、凝聚物是造成血液非正常报废的主要问题。分析其原因,结合工作实际,提出了应加强冰冻血液制品管控;从源头严防脂血采集;加强血液采集及成分制备关键环节控制;加强设备控制;落实人员培训等防控措施。     

血液成分的制备以及储存措施

目的探讨分析血液中的基本成分,血液的制备方法及储存措施。方法血液成分的制备可分为离机法和联机法两种,有四种不同的制备策略。血液储存则要选择各成分适宜的温度及环境,保证血液成分的质量。结果无论采用何种方法进行血液成分制备,其制备原理多根据成分比重差异利用过滤、离心等物理方法分离。结论制备成分血后,选择合适的环境储存,保证血液质量,从而满足患者的不同需求,提高临床疗效。     

血液中心改革稀有血型制备法

<正>近日,为进一步提高血液制备水平,太原市血液中心引进新设备,改革了以往的稀有血型制备法,并且为了更好地将新技术新设备运用于实际工作中,     

谈分站工作管理的体会

目的加强对全市血液工作的管理,确保各分站的采供血工作在机构设置调整后,能迅速进入规范化、程序化轨道。方法对分站人、才、物进行管理,同时对无偿献血、成分用血进行量化考核。结果分站的各项指标全部符合标准。结论通过采供血机构设置的调整,实现了全市血液质量统一检测、血液成分统一制备、血液使用统一调配,有效地控制了血液质量,确保了用血安全。     

血站成分制备过程中血液报废原因及预防方法

在现在治疗方法中采用输血治疗已经是临床治疗的一种重要手段,但是对于输血者讲,由于每个患者血液中的成分不同,需要血站对血液成分制备,以此来保证患者输血安全。但是在实际的血液成分制备过程中,需要有复杂的工艺,以及多人操作,导致许多因素影响血液成分制备的质量。为了提高血站血液成分制备的质量,需要减少血液浪费问题,使更多的血液可以运用到治疗中,以此来保证输血患者需要。基于此,本文主要是血站成分制备过程中出现的血液报废因素分析,并且采用针对性方法解决问题。     

浅析血站系统的冷链管理

随着我国血液事业的发展和临床成分输血水平的提高,血液品种不断增多,血站冷链的管理也变得更加复杂.查找从血液采集、成分分离制备及储存、血液运输过程中存在的冷链管理的不足之处,采取相应的改进措施,对这些不足进行加强,确保 为病人提供符合要求的血液产品.     

血液成分制备净化室全面质量管理

从人、机、料、法、环、信、监7方面，探讨如何对血液成分制备净化室进行全面质量管理，从而使净化室环境符合血液成分制备环境卫生学标准，有效控制污染源，避免血液成分在制备过程中受到污染，确保临床用血安全、有效。     

降低成分制备环节中血液报废率的探讨

成分制备环节中的血液报废是指血液采集入待检库后,至合格血液入成品库之前,出现的如乳糜血、血袋破损渗漏、血量不足、溶血、其他等现象。为了加强对无偿献血的每个环节的有效控制,确保血液质量,杜绝血液浪费,本文对成分制备环节中引起血液报废的原因进行统计和分析,并提出应对措施。     

采供血机构设备校准方法探讨

采供血机构设备的校准是保证设备运行正常、安全、有效和满足血液采集、制备、储存、运输全过程要求的重要保证,是确保血液安全的重要组成部分.目前行业缺乏校准统一的标准或指南,本文针对血站设备校准工作现状和常见问题,探讨血站设备校准的方法和适用性.     

用即凝血栓制备家兔肺栓塞模型探讨

目的用即凝血栓制备家兔肺血栓栓塞模型。方法栓塞组自颈静脉注入自体小血凝块建立家兔急性肺栓塞模型，对照组注入生理盐水。结果栓塞组肺可出现点、片状出血，肺动脉内可见血栓。结论（1）用即凝自体血栓制备家兔肺栓塞模型方便、简易、实用性强。（2）肺内血栓机化最多从栓塞后5天开始。     

Guidelines for the transfusion of blood and its components]

There is no general consensus on the appropriate use of blood and its components. The resulting lack of transfusion guidelines is a weakness in our hospitals and health centers that directly affects good transfusion practice. Based on a literature review, this piece offers some general guidelines on the appropriate use of transfusion therapy. These guidelines can serve as the basis for preparing more-specific guides that take into account the individual needs of each hospital center.     

A simplified method of performing the Treponema pallidum immobilization test

The standard TPI test is a complicated technique that can be performed only by highly qualified staff in well-equipped laboratories. This has greatly restricted its application. The author describes a simplified method that does not require complicated apparatus or the use of a gas mixture. The test is performed in diluting pipettes of the type used in making white blood cell counts. The serum to be tested and treponemal suspension containing active complement are taken up successively into the pipette, which is then closed with a rubber ring, shaken and placed in the incubator. A parallel series of control pipettes with inactivated complement is also set up. After incubation, counts of motile and non-motile treponemes are made in the usual way. Comparative studies have shown that the results obtained with this simplified test are comparable in accuracy to those of the standard method. The medium used by the author for preparing the treponemal suspension is also very simple in composition. The technique can therefore be performed in any laboratory that has qualified staff and facilities for keeping rabbits.     

温州市35岁以上居民血脂异常及影响因素分析

目的:了解温州市居民血脂异常的流行现状及影响因素,以制定合理的预防措施。方法:采用多阶段随机整群抽样,抽取温州市3495名35岁以上常住户籍居民作问卷调查、体格检查(身高、体重、血压的测量)及实验室检测(总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和血糖),对其进行统计学分析。结果:温州市35岁以上居民血脂水平(M±Q,mmol/L):总胆固醇(5.56±1.39)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(1.64±0.47)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(2.83±0.69)、甘油三酯(1.49±1.11),异常患病率为68.9%,城市(72.6%)高于农村(66.2%),城市主要是混合型高脂血症,农村混合型高脂血症和高胆固醇血症并重。血脂异常低危、中危和高危患病率为33.7%、9.1%和8.6%。肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、生活工作紧张程度、常吃肥肉和常饮啤酒是血脂异常的危险因子,体力活动、常饮奶制品、常吃豆制品、蔬菜和腌制品是保护因子。结论:温州市居民血脂平均水平和异常患病率均处于较高水平,血脂异常呈年轻化趋势,城市和农村的流行特征有差异。血脂异常的影响因子除年龄外都可控制,应在全市制定和实施相关的综合干预措施。     

Nutritional knowledge of parents of preschool children from Nowy Sacz and the vicinity. 5. Preparing of the meals

The aim of this study was to assess knowledge about preparing meals of parents of preschool children from Nowy Sacz and the vicinity. The questionnaires on the principles of preparing meals were filled in by parents of 121 six-year-old children. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the SPSS 12.0 PL for Windows computer programme. The studied population was divided according to children's gender Children's gender had statistically significant influence on parents' answers to two questions: concerning the loss of B-complex vitamins and vitamin C while rinsing chopped foodstuffs. A higher percentage of the parents of boys answered correctly to both questions compared to the parents of girls. Also to the remaining questions, statistically not significant, the parents of boys gave more correct answers. It is necessary to draw parents' attention to the importance of the principles of preparing meals. Educational programmes, aimed at improving parents 'knowledge in this field, should be worked out.     

Lead blood concentrations and renal function evaluation: study in an exposed Mexican population

The relation of blood Pb concentrations and renal dysfunction has been reported in association with interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and decreased glomerular filtration. In this report information about blood Pb concentrations and renal function tests in a population from Oaxaca, Mexico is analyzed. The main changes found were that males had higher blood Pb concentrations than females (P<0.0012); the leading variables associated with this were occupation (glazed pottery workers, P=0.0001) and the use of glazed pottery for preparing meals (P=0.0000). Variables that better explain uric acid variability were blood Pb concentrations, sex, weight, and height (r2=0.23). Hyperuricemia was associated with blood Pb concentrations above 40 microg/dL (OR=1.74, 95% CI, 1.12-2.61). SCr was associated with sex, age, and blood Pb, with coefficient r2=0.12. Our findings might be related to inadequate control of oven emissions, a situation that will require further analysis and the implementation of preventive measurements for the nonoccupational exposed population.     

全血铅测定的前处理优化与质控检测

目的：通过质控样品的检测验证优化后全血铅检测方法的精密度和准确度。方法：全血标本经10％硝酸酸化，与基体改进剂同时进样，采用石墨炉原子化器原子化和Zeman效应背景校正，测量吸收峰面积，通过标准工作曲线得出血铅值，同时检测全血标本和质控样品。结果：优化后的处理条件检测质控样品结果满意。结论：本实验中对血铅检测条件的优化合理。     

胸大肌肌皮瓣坏死感染原因分析

目的 回顾性分析胸大肌肌皮瓣坏死原因,为临床提供指导.方法 回顾性分析68例口腔癌同期行胸大肌肌皮瓣转移修复术的病例,对其皮瓣坏死的原因进行多元化分析.结果 68例病例中,12例出现坏死,其中3例完全坏死,9例部分坏死.结论 肌皮瓣坏死是由于患者全身情况、皮瓣制取方法、供受区情况及术中、术后处理措施等多因素的影响,应对的关键在于保护肌皮瓣的血运,充分的术中止血、术后引流及良好的口腔护理.     

Nationwide survey of hospital practices when compounding parenteral nutrition solutions in latex-allergic patients.

We surveyed 100 institutions in 50 states, varying in size from 50 to 1,000 beds. The purpose of this survey was to examine the policies and techniques hospitals used in confirming latex allergy (LA) in patients and preparing parenteral nutrition (PN) for LA patients. Our survey indicated that within the institutions in our study, many inpatient pharmacists do not use any defined method for confirming LA other than what is documented in the patient profile upon admission. Most inpatient pharmacies are not aware of any institutional policy concerning parenteral medications in LA patients, and some do not identify the importance of LA in preparing PN. It is apparent from the results of this survey that uniform guidelines or practice standards for this important issue should be developed. Although the publications on LA are numerous, they mostly deal with the exposure to latex gloves or latex devices. Knowledge of preparing parenteral medications for LA patients in the literature is minimal. It is also clear that awareness and knowledge of pharmacy personnel should be enhanced. Finally, we are hoping that this survey will send a clear message to pharmacy organizations to develop guidelines or pharmacy practice standards for this issue, and for health institutions to develop policies and make them available to their personnel.