Designing an oral health module for the Bachelor of Midwifery program at an Australian University

Maternal oral health is important yet many pregnant women are unaware of its significance. Midwives are advised to promote oral health during pregnancy and are supported to do this in Australia through the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health training program. However, limited undergraduate education is being provided to midwifery students in this area. The objective of this paper is to describe how an innovative oral health education module for an undergraduate midwifery course in Australia was designed using a multidisciplinary approach. Midwives experienced in curriculum development and key investigators from the Midwifery Initiated Oral Health program designed the module using existing literature. Constructive alignment, blended learning and scaffolding were used in the design process. The draft module was then reviewed by midwifery academics and their feedback incorporated. The final module involves 4 h of teaching and learning and contains three components incorporated into first year course units. Each component is aligned with existing learning outcomes and incorporates blended learning approaches and tutorials/class activities as well as online quizzes and personal reflection. The module details key information (current evidence; basic anatomy/physiology; common oral conditions; and guidelines during pregnancy) that could better prepare students to promote oral health in clinical practice. This is the first time such an innovative, multidisciplinary approach has been undertaken embedding oral health in an undergraduate midwifery program in Australia.     

Practice nurses experiences of mentoring undergraduate nursing students in Australian general practice

Internationally, the delivery of health services has shifted from secondary to primary care, necessitating an exponential growth of the nursing workforce and expansion of the nursing role in general practice. This growth, and the subsequent need to develop this workforce, has created a need to expose undergraduate nurses to general practice nursing as a viable career option. Concurrently, universities are struggling to find sufficient clinical places for their undergraduate students to gain clinical experience. It is logical, therefore, to increase the number of undergraduate nursing student placements in general practice. Through qualitative research methods, this paper seeks to explore the experiences of practice nurses mentoring undergraduate students on clinical placements within the general practice setting. Findings are presented in the following three themes: (1) Promoting Practice Nursing: We really need to get students in, (2) Mentoring future co-workers: Patience and reassurance, and (3) Reciprocity in learning: It's a bit of a two way street, which show the benefits of such placements. Clinical placements in general practice settings can be mutually beneficial in terms of providing quality teaching and learning experiences for students. Conversely, the experience provides an impetus for practice nurses to maintain currency of their clinical skills and knowledge through mentoring student nurses.     

三年制高职护生临床学习环境评价的调查研究

目的调查三年制高职护理实习生临床学习环境评价的现状,为护理临床教育提供指导和借鉴。方法采用临床学习环境评价量表对167名三年制高职护理实习生进行调查。结果 1三年制高职护生对临床学习环境评价得分为(164.46±30.11)分,条目均分为(3.92±0.12)分。2各维度条目均分依次为任务定位(4.07±0.07)分,工作氛围和团队精神(3.97±0.13)分,创新性(3.96±0.07)分,护生参与性(3.92±0.09)分,人际关系(3.89±0.07)分,个性化(3.68±0.14)分。3除人际关系维度外,三年制高职护生各维度得分均高于本科护生(P0.01)。结论三年制高职护生对临床学习环境的评价较好,但在个性化培养方面仍然存在不足。建议重视护生对临床学习环境的评价,在提供良好实习环境的基础上注重个性化发展的需要。     

本科护生助产择业动机评价量表的构建及信效度检验*

目的: 构建本科护生助产择业动机评价量表,并进行信效度检验,以评估本科护生助产择业意愿。方法: 以期望-价值理论为理论框架,对护生助产择业动机相关文献进行回顾分析,结合小组讨论、专家咨询等方法构建本科护生助产择业动机评价量表。选取410名护生进行问卷调查,评价量表信效度。结果: 构建的本科护生助产择业动机评价量表包括期望分量表和价值分量表,期望分量表包含5个条目,Cronbach’s α系数为0.86,重测信度为0.69;价值分量表包含18个条目,提取了实用性、挑战性、代价、兴趣4个公因子,累计方差贡献率68.74%,Cronbach’s α系数为0.93,重测信度为0.72。结论: 本科护生助产择业动机评价量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评价护生助产择业意愿的有效研究工具。     

The use of blended learning to create a module about ill-health during childbirth for pre-registration midwifery students

Reforms in the way higher education is delivered in order to address the needs of learners in the 21st century are increasingly being considered by university departments. This has led academics to combine e-learning with more traditional classroom based methods of teaching when designing new modules of study, a method commonly called blended learning. This paper will describe the different teaching and learning methods which were blended together to create a module for second year pre-registration midwifery students in England, which focused upon ill-health during pregnancy and childbearing. It is imperative that at the point of registration midwifery students possess the skills to identify deviations from normal, initiate immediate actions and make appropriate referrals. The health of women all over the world is of concern to health care professionals. Midwives are increasingly being upon to provide expert care. Midwives need a sound education to allow them to carry out their roles effectively. The International Confederation of Midwives global standards for midwifery education (2010) attempts to address the need for competent caring midwives to help women and families in every corner of the world. The paper will also cover the pedagogical issues considered when blending together the different elements of learning namely: traditional discursive lectures, small group work, e-learning, formative presentations and the use of simulation during a skills and drills day.     

The 'follow-through' experience in three-year Bachelor of Midwifery programs in Australia: a survey of students

IntroductionThe follow-through experience in Australian midwifery education is a strategy that requires midwifery students to ‘follow’ a number of women through pregnancy, labour and birth and into the parenting period.BackgroundThe experience was introduced by the Australian College of Midwives as part of national standards for the three-year Bachelor of Midwifery programs. Anecdotally, the introduction caused considerable debate. A criticism was that these experiences were incorporated with little evidence of their value.MethodsAn online survey was undertaken to explore the follow-through experience from the perspectives of current and former students. There were 101 respondents, 93 current students with eight recent graduates.ResultsParticipants were positive about developing relationships with women. They also identified aspects of the follow-through experience that were challenging. Support to assist with the experience was often lacking and the documentation required varied. Despite these difficulties, 75% felt it should be mandatory as it facilitated positive learning experiences.DiscussionThe follow-through experience ensured that students were exposed to midwifery continuity of care. The development of relationships with women was an important aspect of learning.ConclusionDespite these challenges, there were significant learning opportunities. Future work and research needs to ensure than an integrated approach is taken to enhance learning.     

Action learning sets in a nursing and midwifery practice learning context: A realistic evaluation

Action learning sets (ALS) are used widely for organisational and workforce development, including in nursing (Anderson and Thorpe, 2004, Pounder, 2009, Young et al., 2010). In the United Kingdom, a multi-faceted educational Pilot programme for new nurses and midwives was implemented to accelerate their clinical practice and leadership development (NHS Education Scotland, 2010). Action Learning Sets were provided for peer support and personal development. The Realistic Evaluation study reported in this paper explored issues of context, mechanism and outcome (Pawson and Tilley, 1997) influencing the action learning experiences of: programme participants (recently qualified nurses and midwives, from different practice settings); and programme supporters. A range of data were collected via: online questionnaires from 66 participants and 29 supporters; three focus groups, each comprising between eight and 10 programme participants; and one focus group with three action learning facilitators. The qualitative data pertaining to the ALS are presented in this paper. Thematic data analysis of context, mechanism and outcome configurations, generated five themes: creating and sustaining a collective learning environment; challenging constructively; collective support; the role of feedback; and effectiveness of ALS. Study outcomes suggest nursing and midwifery action learning should (a) be facilitated positively to improve participants' experience; (b) be renamed to avoid learning methodology confusion; and (c) be outcome focused to evidence impact on practice.     

Structures,processes and outcomes of the Aussie Heart Guide Program: A nurse mentor supported,home based cardiac rehabilitation program for rural patients with acute coronary syndrome

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation has a number of benefits for patients, yet participation in it is sub-optimal, especially in regional Australia. Innovative models of cardiac rehabilitation are needed to improve participation. Providing nurse mentors to support patients transitioning from hospital to home represents a new model of service delivery in Australia.

护生临床实习综合评价指标体系的建立与实施

[目的]探讨护生临床实习综合评价指标的建立和实施效果。[方法]将2011年度实习的75人设为对照组,采用传统评价方法,包括理论、操作考试成绩和晨间提问;2012年度实习的114人设为观察组,运用改进的综合评价指标体系进行评价,包括周评价、月评价、学期中教研室技能考核评价、学期末实习表现综合评价和附加项5个方面,在实习结束后对两组护生的理论、操作成绩和一般自我效能感进行比较分析。[结果]观察组护生的综合得分为（83.29±3.35）分,最高为94.64分,最低为73.19分,优秀5人,良好92人,一般17人;观察组护生的理论、操作成绩和一般自我效能感评分均高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。[结论]护生临床实习综合评价体系具有多样化评价的特点,可提高护生的一般自我效能感,有效调动护生学习的积极性。     

Research and evaluation of clinical nurse mentoring: implications for the forensic context

The impact of mentoring programmes was examined in this extensive literature review. The effectiveness of such programs was considered for both the general clinical nursing and clinical forensic nursing environments. No literature discussing clinical nurse mentoring within forensic settings was discovered during the review, thus implications for this unique context are drawn from the current available literature.     

Midwifery student's perceptions of completing a portfolio of evidence for initial registration: A qualitative exploratory study

The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council (ANMAC) has set regulatory standards, that require midwifery students to verify how they have met ANMAC standard 8.11 requirements prior to registration as a midwife. The most common formats for recording achievement of the ANMAC requirements are paper-based or electronic portfolios. Research was conducted to compare student's experiences of completing their university portfolio format. Focus group interviews were held at two south east Queensland universities. This study has found that there is disparity between universities in the level of detail documenting evidence of midwifery experiences. The paper-based portfolio was criticised for not having sufficient space for the students to explain the extent of their experiences, in contrast students completing the ePortfolio felt their reflective entries were excessive.Some students felt the portfolio was not being used to its full potential with suggestions that all experiences that fall within the midwife scope of practice should be recorded as evidence of practice experiences. Students felt the current ANMAC Standard 8.11 requirements limit the range of experiences and are repetitive in requiring up to 100 recordings for some experiences. No nationally agreed format exists of how students are required to document their required ANMAC experiences.     

An evaluation of the appropriateness and effectiveness of structured reflection for midwifery students in Ireland

Midwifery students undertaking the undergraduate midwifery education programme in Ireland participate in facilitated reflective sessions that aim to develop their skills of reflecting on and in clinical practice. This paper presents a qualitative evaluation of the appropriateness and effectiveness of the facilitated reflection sessions for pre and post-registration midwifery students in two large Dublin maternity teaching hospitals. The aim was to evaluate structured reflective practice sessions which sought to assist midwifery students to become competent reflective practitioners. Group reflection sessions were conducted weekly in a clinical practice area at the same time each week over one academic year. After the series of structured reflective sessions, midwifery students and facilitating staff were invited to evaluate the reflective process. This evaluation consisted of a self-completion survey to identify the factors that facilitated and impeded student participation in the sessions. Respondents answered a series of questions about the reflective practice sessions and were also invited to enter qualitative data regarding their subjective experiences of the process in free text boxes. The data were then collated into themes by an independent reviewer. The results of the evaluation clearly indicate that midwifery students and facilitators welcomed the opportunity to engage in group reflection sessions as a form of peer support and as a catalyst for learning from clinical practice. Findings suggest that reflective practice can contribute to the development of skilled, self-aware and engaged practitioners.     

床边教学法在助产学教学中的应用

目的 探讨床边教学法在助产学教学中的应用效果.方法 便利选取浙江中医药大学2017级助产专业学生(62名)为研究对象,采用床边教学法,将助产学中的理论及实验课内容融入到临床实际当中进行教学.教学结束后了解学生的参与程度,应用教学效果问卷评价床边教学的效果,并将2017级学生案例分析成绩与2016级进行比较.结果 学生课...     

Nurses on the move: evaluation of a program to assist international students undertaking an accelerated Bachelor of Nursing program

This paper reports on an evaluation of a Teaching and Learning Enhancement Scheme (TALES) program designed to meet the unique need of the 2005 cohort of international nursing students undertaking an accelerated Bachelor of Nursing (BN) program at the Victorian campus of Australian Catholic University (ACU) National. The program involved a team approach with three academic mentors and the international students working together to produce satisfactory learning outcomes through fortnightly meetings and provision of additional assistance including compiling a portfolio, reflective writing, English, including colloquial English and pronunciation, as well as familiarisation with handover and abbreviations common in the clinical field, general communication, assistance with preparing a resume and participation in simulated interviews. This relatively small group of international students (20) confirmed the findings of other studies from other countries of international nursing students' in terms of concerns in regard to studying in a foreign country, namely English proficiency, communication difficulties, cultural differences and unfamiliarity with the health care environment. The assistance provided by the program was identified by the completing students as invaluable in helping them settle into study and successfully complete the theoretical and clinical components of the course.     

实习护生情绪智力、临床实习环境与病人安全感知能力的中介效应

目的:了解实习护生情绪智力、临床实习环境与病人安全感知能力现状并探讨三者关系。方法:采用情绪智力量表、临床实习环境量表和卫生职业教育病人安全感知量表对492名实习护生进行调查。结果:实习护生情绪智力总分为(123.81±18.69)分,临床实习环境总分为(119.48±22.16)分,病人安全感知能力总分为(67.16±12.06)分,情绪智力、临床实习环境与病人安全感知能力呈正相关(r值分别为0.723和0.720,P<0.01);情绪智力在临床实习环境和病人安全感知能力间起部分中介效应,中介效应估计值为0.286(28.6%)。结论:学校要举办人文课程活动以培养情绪智力;医院应制订计划增加学习机会,选拔给予护生充分支持的带教老师,改善临床实习环境。     

Development and testing of an evidence-based model of mentoring nursing students in clinical practice

BackgroundMentoring in clinical settings is an important factor in the development of nursing students' professional knowledge and competences, but more knowledge of mentors' current and required competences is needed to improve nursing students' clinical learning.ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and test an evidence-based model of mentoring nursing students in clinical practice.DesignAn international cross-sectional survey coordinated in five European countries: Finland, Italy, Lithuania, Slovenia and Spain.MethodsMentors, 4980 registered nurses working in both primary and specialist healthcare organizations, were invited to participate in the study during 2016–2019. The final sample consisted of 1360 mentors (mean age 41.9 ± 11). Data were collected with background questions and the Mentor Competence Instrument. The instrument was psychometrically validated then the data were used to construct a Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Full Imputation Maximum Likelihood (FIML) estimation.ResultsAll of six hypotheses were verified. In summary: mentors' characteristics related to their motivation and reflection are positively related to mentoring practices in the workplace, which (together with constructive feedback) are positively related to and foster goal-orientation in students' clinical learning and student-centered evaluation. All parameters in the SEM model were significant and the model's fit indexes were verified (RMSEA = 0.055; SRMR = 0.083; CFI = 0.914, TLI = 0.909).ConclusionOur evidence-based modeling confirms the research hypotheses about mentorship, and identifies focal competences for designing mentors' education to improve students' clinical learning and establish a common European mentoring model. Mentorship is important for both healthcare organizations and educational systems to enhance students' clinical competences, professional growth and commitment to the nursing profession and organizational environments.     

Academic evaluation,management and satisfaction of clinical practicums among undergraduate students: software CliPrAS@UB

Aim/objectiveTo determine the development of competency acquisition, the satisfaction of the agents involved and recording incidents with a digital platform CliPrAS @UB on the Clinical Placements I and II courses in the second and third years of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing.BackgroundThe teaching of clinical practice subjects requires an analysis of the competence evolution, a management structure and an analysis of the satisfaction of the agents involved in the subject.DesignProspective, analytical, observational cohort study.MethodsThe study was carried out in a public university center in Barcelona with 387 students distributed in nine centers of the network of Health Institutions.ResultsAn increase of 2.32 points was observed in the competence dimensions of Professional Practice and with a reduction in the average score in the skills of care provision, therapeutic communication and professional development of more than 0.08 points. Regarding the seminars, a reduction of the average global score of 0.58 points was observed.ConclusionsThe use of the CliPrAS @ UB computer platform has improved the implementation of the mandatory documents, the recording of incidents and the overall satisfaction of the students.