肺高压患者右心室功能的超声心动图评价

肺高压是一类以肺小动脉血管重构为特征的恶性肺血管疾病,往往由于肺血管阻力(pulmonary vascular resistance,PVR)进行性升高并最终导致患者右心衰竭而死亡[1],其中右心室的评估是判断疾病严重程度和预后的关键。超声心动图作为一种应用广、价格低的无创技术,可以通过右心室形态学变化、左右心室相互影响、右心室收缩功能变化等指标直接或间接反映右心室功能。本文详细介绍超声心动图     

超声心动图评估右心室舒张功能的研究进展

正由于右心室是一个不规则的几何体,室壁薄,肌小梁粗大,心内膜不光滑,且流入道与流出道不在同一平面上,因此造成了右心室收缩力弱,后负荷小,顺应性较大的生理特点。独特的解剖位置和复杂的形态学特点,使得人们对于右心室的功能评价远少于左心室,右心室曾一度被称为被遗忘的心室。然而,许多心脏疾病如充血性心力衰竭、心律失常、以及心脏猝死在影响左心功能的同时右心功能也受到不同程度的影响。而右心室舒张功能又是构成总体右心功能的     

超声心动图评估右心室功能的临床应用价值

随着临床诊疗水平的提高,学者们越来越意识到右心室功能在临床实践中的重要性,对右心室功能的评估也逐渐成为研究的热点。此外,越来越多的研究证据表明右心室功能障碍是多种常见临床疾病发病率和死亡率增加的重要标志。现就右心室结构、超声心动图评估右心室功能的方法以及临床常见疾病的右心室超声心动图特征进行总结。     

超声心动图对马凡氏综合征患者的右心室收缩功能的评价

目的用超声心动图评价成年马凡氏综合征（Marfan syndrome,MFS）患者是否存在右心室收缩功能不全。方法41例MFS患者及43例正常对照者行M型、二维及组织多普勒超声心动图。记录三尖瓣环收缩期位移（tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion,TAPSE）、右心室面积缩小率（fractional are achange,FAC）及组织多普勒三尖瓣环收缩速度（S。）。结果MFS患者右心室收缩功能指标虽处于正常范围,但均低于正常对照[TAPSE：（21±2）mm口s．（26±1）mm,P〈O．01;FAC：36％±2％vs．42％±3％,P〈O．01;Su：（12±0．3）cm／svs．（16±0．9）cm／s,P〈0．01]。结论MFS患者存在右心室收缩功能不全,提示MFS可能累及右心室心肌。     

右心室功能与心血管疾病的关系及其超声评价研究进展

右心室不仅是一个被动地为左心室输送血液的管道,其功能正常与否还直接影响整个循环系统的功能,而且对制定心血管疾病治疗方案、判断预后等亦有重要意义。现就右心室功能与心血管疾病的关系及右心室功能的超声评价研究进展做一综述。     

超声心动图对右心室功能评价的研究进展

相对于左心室功能,右心室往往处于从属地位,所以长期以来右心功能较竭患者的预后至关重要[1～2].有研究表明右心功能的检测对肺心病等疾病的早期诊断、指导治疗具有重要意义[3].相对于放射性核素、心血管造影、磁共振等检查,超声心动图操作便捷、价廉、无创且可重复使用,在评价右室功能中有着其他方法无可比拟的优势,成为临床评价右室功能的主要检查手段.超声心动图评价右室功能传统常用的方法大都源于左室功能的检测,但由于左右心室形态及功能方面的显著差异,又不能将从左室得来的心脏功能的概念和指标一成不变地应用于右室.现就超声心动图对右室功能的研究进展做综述如下.     

超声心动图评估右心室功能的应用进展

提要:右心室是构成心脏"泵"功能的一部分,但由于右心室结构的复杂性及前期对右心室功能认识不足,使得对右心室功能的准确评估较为困难,既往对右心室功能的研究较少.近年来,超声心动图技术的发展使其评估右心室功能的准确性不断提高,并且能够对右心疾病患者进行危险分层及提供预后信息.本文主要概述右心室的结构及功能,超声心动图评估右...     

四维超声心动图评价扩张型心肌病右心室整体收缩功能及其临床意义

目的探讨四维超声心动图评价扩张型心肌病(DCM)右心室整体收缩功能的意义。方法将本院2017年1月—2018年12月收治的68例DCM患者纳为研究对象,根据普通二维超声测量结果,将右心室内径扩大者纳为A组(n=33),右心室内径正常者纳为B组(n=35),并将同期行健康体检者纳为对照组(n=40),所有研究对象均行常规超声心动图检查并存储留取四维超声图像备分析,统计三组左心室内径、射血分数及右心室容积、射血分数,以及右心室总体应变参数[总体长轴峰值应变(GPSL)、总体圆周峰值应变(GPSC)、总体面积峰值应变(GPSA)和总体径向峰值应变(GPSR)],常规药物治疗4周后,比较DCM患者治疗前后右心室相关参数变化,评价四维超声心动图在评价DCM患者右心室收缩功能中的作用。结果三组左心室舒张期内径、左心室射血分数、右心室容积以及右心室射血分数均存在显著差异(P<0.05);三组GPSL、GPSC、GPSA以及GPSR水平差异显著(P<0.05); DCM患者治疗后,其三尖瓣峰值反流速度、右心室射血分数、GPSL、GPSC、GPSA和GPSR水平均较治疗前显著上升(P <...     

实时三维超声心动图评价左束支区域起搏与右心室间隔部起搏术后右心室功能及比较

目的 应用实时三维超声心动图评价左束支区域起搏（LBBaP）和右心室间隔部起搏（RVSP）术后右心室功能,并进行比较。方法 回顾性分析2020年11月至2022年1月行永久性心脏起搏器植入术的95例患者的临床资料,其中50例患者采用LBBaP(LBBaP组),45例患者采用RVSP(RVSP组)。所有患者术前及术后6个月均进行二维和实时三维超声心动图检查,获取图像并评估右心室大小及功能参数,比较手术前后两组患者上述参数的变化。结果 术前两组患者右心室大小及功能参数差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。术后6个月RVSP组患者右心室舒张末期容积较术前增加,且差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;反映右心室功能的三尖瓣环收缩期位移、右心室射血分数、右心室间隔纵向应变、游离壁纵向应变及三尖瓣环舒张早期运动速度（e’）也均较术前降低,且差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。术后6个月RVSP组患者三尖瓣环e’较LBBaP组患者降低,且差异有统计学意义（P <0.01）。然而,LBBaP组患者右心室大小及功能参数与术前比较差异均无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论 应...     

Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricular Volume and Function

Echocardiographic evaluation of right ventricular volume and function has become a subject of growing interest with the increasing awareness of the important role of the right ventricle in the entire circulation. However, the anatomically complex and load-dependent shaped right ventricle shape is difficult to describe by a simple geometric figure and its volume and function are, therefore, difficult to assess in a simple manner. A number of echocardiographic methods for evaluating right ventricular volume and function have emerged; to date, however, their quantification remains a clinical challenge. The major goal is to develop a reproducible method that will allow for quantitative comparisons between patients or serially within a given patient. This discussion examines the available methods with specific attention to their reliability and limitations. Visual inspection or measurement of single plane indices is limited by their lack of standardization and failure to describe the entire right ventricle. Simpson's rule requires computer calculations and assumes an elliptic symmetry present in the left, but not the right ventricle. Application of the area-length method to the subcostal outflow tract and apical four-chamber views is a particularly practical current approach. Three-dimensional echo reconstruction, which eliminates the need for geometric assumptions and individual standardized views, although only in its infancy, promises to be the most accurate method for right ventricular volume calculation and in the future should emerge as the standard for research and many clinical applications.     

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Function During CABG: Transesophageal Echocardiographic Assessment of Hepatic Venous Flow Versus Conventional Right Ventricular Performance Indices

The vulnerability of right ventricle (RV) to ischemic insult during cardiac surgery is being increasingly recognized. This study aims to evaluate right ventricular function by measuring hepatic venous flow (HVF) patterns using intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and to compare HVF with other conventional two-dimensional echocardiographic and hemodynamic indices of RV performance. Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were studied intraoperatively using a multiplane dual frequency 5/3.7-MHz phased array transducer, a pulmonary artery catheter, and an arterial catheter. Peak velocities and time velocity integrals of HVF pattern were studied. Peak systolic-diastolic ratio (S/D) of biphasic HVF and reverse flow ratio (% reverse flow/forward flow = % RF/FF) were also examined. Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements included: (1) transverse plane long-axis (LA) and short-axis (SA) planimetered areas expressed as ratios; LA maximum major and minor-axis shortening fractions; (2) tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) ratio. All data were obtained after induction of anesthesia (stage 1), after sternotomy (stage 2), aftercardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) (stage 3), and after sternal closure (stage 4). Pre-CPB all 35 patients had biphasic HVF by Doppler. In 31 patients peak S/D ratio was >1. After CPB, there was significant reduction in systolic forward flow (S wave), along with an increase in late systolic reverse flow (V wave) and an increase in % RF/FF. At this stage TAPSE ratio decreased (pre CPB 0.33 +/- 0.12 vs post CPB 0.30 +/- 0.11). There was simultaneous decrease in 2-D long-axis LA (pre CPB 0.52 +/- 0.11 vs post CPB 0.31 +/- 0.01) and max major axis LA (pre CPB 0.38 +/- 0.06 vs post CPB 0.31 +/- 0.11). Max major axis LA correlated significantly with changes in right atrial pressure (P < 0.05). Tricuspid annular motion diminished significantly at sternal closure. Hepatic systolic forward flow and TAPSE ratio can be an indirect measure of RV systolic functions in correlation with maximum major axis LA changes. Evaluation of HVF provides unique insight into right ventricular dynamics. It is an easy, safe, and sensitive method for assessing RV functions intraoperatively.     

Geometry‐Related Right Ventricular Systolic Function Assessed by Longitudinal and Radial Right Ventricular Contractions

The aim of our study was to evaluate the geometry‐related right ventricular (RV) systolic function under normal hemodynamics by assessing the longitudinal and the radial RV contractions in children. We examined 953 healthy children. We measured tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV anterior wall displacement from the interventricular septum (RVWD), and RV to left ventricular diameter ratio (RV/LV ratio) using M‐mode echocardiography. The z‐values were calculated as geometrical parameters of the TAPSE (z‐TAPSE), the RVWD (z‐RVWD), and the RV/LV ratio (z‐RV/LV). The RV stroke volume (RVSV) was measured using Doppler echocardiography and standardized using the z‐value (z‐RVSV). The z‐TAPSE was no or weakly negatively correlated with both the z‐RVWD (r = ?0.18, P < 0.0001) and the z‐RV/LV (r = ?0.12, P < 0.0001). In contrast, the z‐RV/LV correlated positively with the z‐RVWD (r = 0.61, P < 0.0001). The z‐RVSV correlated only with the z‐TAPSE (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). Although the radial RV motion increases with the progression of RV dilatation, the RVSV is not associated with radial RV motion. In contrast, the RVSV relates to the longitudinal RV motion independently of the radial RV motion under the normal physiological condition. We presume that the RV contraction patterns change related to the RV geometry under various hemodynamic conditions.     

肺动脉高压患者右室功能的多普勒超声评价与进展

肺动脉高压会导致患者右室功能减低,早诊断、早治疗肺动脉高压能明显改善患者的预后。近年来应用多普勒超声技术对肺动脉高压患者右室功能研究的新进展层出不穷,如双多普勒同步技术、Tei指数及三尖瓣环收缩期位移等,均为临床提供了全新的评价肺动脉高压及右室功能的新手段及新参数。     

超声心动图评价肺动脉高压患者右室功能的研究进展

肺动脉高压的发展会导致患者右室功能减低,对肺动脉高压患者右室功能的评价对其预后具有十分重要的临床意义。随着超声技术的不断发展,特别是新型超声技术的出现能敏感、准确地定量反映肺动脉高压患者的右室功能。现就目前超声心动图技术在评价肺动脉高压患者右室功能中的应用做一综述。     

右心房功能的评价

与左心房相似,右心房据有储蓄、管道、辅泵三种功能。现将对一些疾病中,右房功能发生的不同改变进行综述,同时总结目前用于右心房研究的一些指标及方法。     

右心功能评价技术研究进展

随着人们对心脏功能的深入研究,右心室在循环系统中的作用日益受到重视。各种评价右心室功能的检测技术———脉冲多普勒超声心动图、二维超声心动图、三维超声心动图、声学定量技术、X线心室造影、放射性核素心室造影、电子束计算机体层成像、磁共振成像在评价右心功能方面所显示出的优势,使人们对右心室在循环系统中的作用有了进一步的了解,充分利用各种检测技术评价右心室功能。