鼻咽纤维血管瘤术前动脉栓塞的临床应用

目的:探讨鼻咽纤维血管瘤术前栓塞的临床价值.材料与方法:回顾性分析56例鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者临床资料.其中39例(51次手术)术前均行双侧颈内、外动脉及椎动脉造影,明确肿瘤血供后,用明胶海绵微粒栓塞颈外动脉供养血管网,在此基础上再以1 mm×1 mm×10 mm明胶海绵条或弹簧圈栓塞供血动脉主干,栓塞后1～3天手术切除肿瘤(栓塞组);17例(28次手术)直接行手术切除肿瘤(未栓塞组).结果:栓塞组术前血管造影中见到丰富的肿瘤血管网、肿瘤染色.栓塞后造影复查,所有被栓塞血管供养区域肿瘤血管网及肿瘤染色消失、供血动脉主干闭塞,无严重并发症.栓塞组有术中出血量记录者37例,出血量50～6000mL,平均(1 636.22±1 529.79) mL;未栓塞组有术中出血量记录者12例,出血量500～3 900 mL,平均(2816.67±1 154.31) mL,两组差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:鼻咽纤维血管瘤术前栓塞能减少术中出血,增加手术的安全性,是理想的术前辅助治疗手段.     

脊柱肿瘤术前动脉造影和栓塞的临床研究

目的：通过选择性动脉造影了触脊柱肿瘤的血管造影表现和血供情况。通过选择性动塞结果的评估探讨影响脊柱肿瘤术前动塞和疗效的因素及并发症的防治措施。材料与方法：45例脊柱肿瘤行49例次DSA检查和术前选择性动脉栓塞,男28例,女17例,平均年龄44．3岁（18－78岁）;恶性肿瘤35例,良性肿瘤10例。肿瘤位于骶尾部27例、胸椎9例、腰椎7例、颈椎2例。行选择性血管造影后用明胶海绵栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,于栓塞后1－5天内进行手术。结果：①脊柱肿瘤主要DSA表现为供血动脉不同程度增粗、不同程度的肿瘤染色。②49次SAE术栓塞肿瘤血管115根,除2例因供血动脉发出脊髓根大动脉和1例存在多支血供而仅作部分栓塞者外余肿瘤血管均完全栓塞。③例肿瘤完成全切,21列大部切除,3例部分切除,1例切除。④手术平均出血量为1009ml(400－2500ml),无1例发生术中死亡或术后严重并发症。结论：①脊柱肿瘤详细的DSA检查有助于治疗方案暄和所有靶血管的显示。②仔细分析DSA表现,改进栓塞技术是保证脊柱肿瘤术前动脉栓塞疗效和减少产生并发症的关键。     

脊住肿瘤术前动脉造影和栓塞的临庆研究

目的通过选择性动脉造影了解脊住肿瘤的血管造影表现和血供情况,通过选择性动脉栓塞结果的评估探讨影响脊住肿瘤术前动脉栓塞和疗效的因素及并发症的防治措施。材料与方法45例脊住肿瘤行49例次DSA检查和术前迁择性动脉栓塞,男28例,女17例,平均御龄44.3岁(18～78岁);恶习性肿瘤35例,良性肿瘤10例.肿瘤位于骶尾部27例.胸椎7例.颈椎2例,行选择性血管造曩后用明胶海绵栓塞肿瘤供血动脉,于栓塞后1～5天内进行手术.结果①脊住肿瘤主要DSA表现为供血动脉不同程度增粗.不同程度的肿瘤染色.②49次SAE术共栓塞肿瘤血管115根,除2例因供血动脉发出脊髓根大动脉和1例存在多支血供而仅作部分栓塞者外余肿瘤血管均完全栓塞.③24例肿瘤完全切除,21例大部分切除,3例部分切除,1例未切除.④手术平均出血量为1009ml(400～2500ml),无1例发生术中死亡或术后亚重并发症.结论①脊住肿瘤详细的DSA检查有助于治疗方案的制定和所有靶血管的显示.②仔细分析DSA表现.改进栓塞技术是保证脊住肿瘤术前动脉栓塞疗效和养活产生并发症的关健。     

12例鼻咽纤维血管瘤的术前栓塞治疗临床分析

目的对鼻咽纤维血管瘤术前栓塞的疗效及并发症进行评价。方法回顾性分析2002年11月至2006年11月以来经手术及病理证实的鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者12例,12例鼻咽纤维血管瘤手术前1～3d行超选择供血动脉栓塞,详细观察栓塞后毒副作用及并发症,并记录手术时出血量。结果血管造影可清晰显示肿瘤病变范围及供血情况,12例患者中一侧颌内动脉供血8例,合并咽升动脉供血4例。7例完全栓塞,5例仅部分栓塞。毒副作用为栓塞侧面部疼痛4例,无严重并发症发生。所有病变均完整切除。术中平均出血量为470ml。结论鼻咽纤维血管瘤术前栓塞能减少外科术中出血并提高肿瘤切除率。     

血管内栓塞联合显微手术治疗颅后窝实质性血管母细胞瘤

目的:探讨术前血管内栓塞治疗对颅后窝实质性血管母细胞瘤手术切除的价值.方法:18例经头颅MRI或CT诊断的颅后窝实质性血管母细胞瘤,术前全部行全脑血管DSA造影,并应用电解弹簧圈或Glubran胶进行术前栓塞治疗.17例于栓塞后3 d内行手术切除,1例进行观察.结果:18例病变均位于后颅窝.脑血管造影提示单纯由小脑后下动脉供血的3例,由双侧小脑上动脉供血的5例,由小脑后下动脉、小脑上动脉及小脑前下动脉等多条供血的10例.单纯应用电解弹簧圈进行栓塞治疗3例,单纯应用Glubran胶进行栓塞治疗5例,两者联合应用栓塞者10例.17例栓塞后均顺利实施病灶显微镜下全切除,17例均未出现并发症,术中平均出血(400±60)mL.1例因肿瘤体积缩小及瘤体坏死,进行随访观察.结论:对颅后窝实质性血管母细胞瘤术前血管内栓塞治疗可使肿瘤切除更为容易,临近正常结构不易损伤,手术时间缩短,术中出血明显减少,手术病残率降低.     

颅内血管母细胞瘤脑血管造影及血管内栓塞治疗

目的:探讨血管母细胞瘤血管造影表现及栓塞治疗的应用价值.方法:16例经病理或头颅MRI诊断 .的血管母细胞瘤患者,术前全部行全脑血管DSA造影,并应用电解弹簧圈或Glubran胶进行术前栓塞治疗.15例于栓塞后3 d内行手术切除,1例进行观察.结果:16例病变均位于后颅窝.脑血管造影提示单纯由小脑后下动脉供血的3例,由双侧小脑上动脉供血的4例,由小脑后下动脉、小脑上动脉及小脑前下动脉等多条供血的9例.单纯应用电解弹簧圈进行栓塞治疗3例,单纯应用Glubran胶进行栓塞治疗5例,二者联合应用栓塞者8例.15例病灶显微镜下全切,术中平均出血(350±60)mL.1例因肿瘤体积缩小及瘤体坏死,进行观察随访.结论:血管母细胞瘤主要由小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉和小脑后下动脉单独或联合供血.应用电解弹簧圈或Glubran胶进行栓塞治疗有利于减少术中出血及提高手术安全性.单纯栓塞治疗有可能成为血管母细胞瘤治疗的一种方式.     

脑膜瘤血管影像特征及术前栓塞治疗的应用

目的：探讨脑膜瘤的血管影像特征及手术前栓塞治疗的应用。方法：回顾分析14例脑膜瘤造影的血管影像资料及临床治疗。结果：造影显示由单纯颈外动脉为主供血的脑膜瘤9例,由单纯颈内动脉或以颈内动脉为主供血的脑膜瘤5例;脑膜瘤主要是经脑膜静脉引流;13例行脑膜瘤术前有效栓塞后手术切除,术中平均出血100－400ml,病理证实为脑膜瘤,1例作γ－刀放射治疗;所有患者均治愈出院。结论：脑膜瘤可由颈内动脉、颈外动脉单独或混合供血,亚选择性栓塞主要由颈外动脉供血的脑膜瘤,可明显减少手术过程中出血,减少手术并发症。     

脊椎巨细胞瘤的影像学诊断及其术前栓塞的临床应用价值

目的：探讨脊椎巨细胞瘤的影像学特点及术前选择性动脉造影、栓塞对其术中出血,手术全切率和术后疗效的影响。方法;分析了12例经手术病理证实的脊椎巨细胞瘤的影像学征象,并对肿瘤供血动脉行数字减影血管造影和术前栓塞处理。结果：脊椎巨细胞瘤的典型征象为具有溶骨性破坏边缘,破坏区有一定的膨胀性并呈皂泡状或分隔状骨嵴等特点。供血动脉栓塞后肿瘤染色大部分消失,术中出血明显减少。结论：（1）X线平片是诊断本病的基本方法,但有一定的局限性。（2）CT及MRI能确定病变范围、大小、内部结构及办组织肿块,对X线不能显示的病变具有特殊诊断价值。（3）术前栓塞有助于减少术中出血,增加手术安全性,提高手术全切率和术后疗效。     

骨盆肿瘤术前血管栓塞的应用及价值(附16例报告)

目的：通过对骨盆腔瘤术前栓塞的分析,探讨其在外科手术中减少出血的意义及如何避免并发症。材料和方法：本组16例进行了18次术前栓塞。转移瘤2例,脊索瘤4例,软骨肉瘤4例,骨肉瘤2例,尤文氏肉瘤1脉。栓塞物质全部使用钢丝圈及明胶海绵。结果：本组18例次栓塞后造影均显示肿瘤血管、肿瘤染色明显减少,较栓塞前减少80％以上,全部病例均在栓塞后24小时内手术。术中出血量约在400－1200ml,平均720ml,较一般文献报道为低。原结扎髂内动脉可再通。术后复发与初次受栓塞者减少术中出血效果相近。所有病例无一例出现并发症。结论：骨盆肿瘤术前栓塞是减少术中出血,提高手术成功率的有效且安全的方法。     

鼻咽部纤维血管瘤栓塞治疗的护理

目的探讨鼻咽部纤维血管瘤栓塞治疗的临床价值以及临床护理。方法14例经手术病理证实的鼻咽部纤维血管瘤患者,术前全部行双侧颈内外动脉及椎动脉血管造影。肿瘤颈外系统供血动脉术前使用明胶海绵或PVA颗粒栓塞治疗,栓塞后1～3d行手术切除。结果14例患者由颈内外动脉不同分支供血,栓塞后手术全切率为92．9％（13／14）。配合综合护理,所有患者栓塞后均未发生严重并发症。结论术前血管内栓塞鼻咽部纤维血管瘤能减少术中出血量,缩短手术时间,是一种安全而有效的辅助治疗方法,术后护理对于保证手术成功有重要作用。     

综合疗养因子对老年2型糖尿病患者体质指数、血脂异常的干预

目的探讨多种疗养因子对老年2型糖尿病患者血压、体质指数和血脂异常因素的干预效果。方法选择疗养员体检中符合2型糖尿病和血脂异常的87例患者,对他们进行综合疗养因子康复干预30 d和出院后6个月健康生活方式随访管理。比较前后体质指数、血压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的变化。81例完成了为期7个月的干预和随访管理。结果综合疗养因子干预和随访管理后,体质指数、血压有所下降,差异无统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）;总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平下降明显,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论综合疗养因子干预和健康生活方式管理有助于2型糖尿病患者血脂异常的改善,对减轻体质指数和降低血压水平有待进一步的观察。     

肤痒颗粒联合盐酸氯环利嗪治疗慢性荨麻疹临床疗效研究

目的观察肤痒颗粒联合盐酸氯环利嗪治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效和安全性。方法治疗组42例口服肤痒颗粒,4.5 g/次,3次/d,盐酸氯环利嗪片25 mg,2次/d;对照组42例仅服盐酸氯环利嗪片,用法和剂量同治疗组。治疗4周判定疗效。随访4周观察复发或加重情况。结果治疗组有效例数35例,有效率83.33%;对照组有效例数26例,有效率61.90%。两组比较χ2=4.85,P0.05。随访治疗组复发9例,加重16例,复发加重率59.52%;对照组复发7例,加重27例,复发加重率80.95%。两组复发加重率比较,χ2=4.61,P0.05。两组均有近半数病例有轻度嗜睡、头晕、口干等症状。结论肤痒颗粒联合盐酸氯环利嗪治疗慢性荨麻疹安全,疗效好。     

Ultracision reduces acute blood loss but not seroma formation after mastectomy and axillary dissection: a pilot study

Various surgical cutting coagulation devices are used during breast surgery. A pilot study was set up to determine if ultracision would reduce complications of intraoperative blood loss and seroma formation. Acute blood loss was significantly reduced in the harmonic scalpel group in comparison with the control group. However, there was little difference between the two groups in terms of hospital stay, volume or duration of postoperative drainage or subsequent aspiration of seroma.     

Prolift系统全盆底重建术近期疗效研究

目的探讨Prolift系统全盆底重建术在治疗盆腔脏器脱垂疾病中的应用价值及疗效。方法回顾性分析四川大学华西第二医院妇科2010年1月-2011年5月收治的119例盆腔脏器脱垂患者的临床资料,其中47例应用Prolift系统进行全盆底重建术(A组),51例应用曼氏手术治疗(B组),21例应用经阴道全子宫切除术+阴道前后壁修补术治疗(C组)。分析比较各组的临床近期疗效。术后随访1年。结果 A、B、C组在手术时间、术中出血量、术后安置尿管天数、术后住院天数间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。A组1例、B组11例、C组4例复发,A组与B、C组复发率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Prolift系统全盆底重建术安全性高,不增加脏器损伤的几率,且明显降低了患者的术后复发率,近期疗效肯定,是治疗盆腔脏器脱垂的一种理想术式。     

低位腹主动脉球囊阻断术在骨盆及骶骨肿瘤切除术中的临床评价

目的探讨低位腹主动脉球囊阻断技术在骨盆及骶骨肿瘤切除术中的临床应用价值。方法2005年1月-2011年6月期间,共收治骨盆和骶骨肿瘤患者156例。其中51例采用低位腹主动脉内球囊阻断技术控制术中出血（球囊组）,105例行传统外科切除术（常规组）。分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后并发症及住院时间等差异。结果球囊组和常规组分别有92．2％（47／51）、86．7％（91／105）的患者获得整块切除或边缘切除。球囊组手术时间（171．96±65．16）min,术中出血量（746．86±722．73）mL,输血量（411．76±613．73）mL,术后引流量（294．50±146．09）mL,术后拔管时间（2．98±1．07）d,常规组分别为（223．10±111．54）min、（1582．57±1130．30）mL、（1081．90±937．14）mL、（362．67±155．79）mL、（3．44±1．75）d,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。而两组间住院时间、术后总体并发症比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论应用球囊阻断低位腹主动脉控制出血可以充分显露术野,缩短手术时间,有效控制术中出血量和输血量。适当延长球囊阻断时间,并不增加术后总体并发症的发生率,且可明显提高肿瘤整块切除率和手术安全性。     

Accuracy of blood loss determination by health care professionals

Patients undergoing surgery will likely experience some degree of blood loss. There is much literature examining effects of blood loss, but little was found that examined accuracy of estimation of blood loss. The research question for this study was: How accurate are surgical health care professionals in their estimations of blood loss? This study was a pre-experimental between-subject design that used a convenience sample of 85 volunteers who worked in the surgical and postsurgical units of a rural southern 450-bed hospital. The participants viewed 1 of 3 randomly chosen samples of laparotomy pads with variable amounts of blood and saline. Only the researchers knew the exact amount contained on the pads. The variables that were examined and were compared included the professional group, years of experience in surgery or the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), and their estimation of blood loss. Their estimation of blood loss was compared with the actual amount of blood to determine whether one group was more accurate than another statistically and whether increasing years of experience improved accuracy. The statistical tests used were simple and multiple regressions.     

Bipolar tissue sealant device decreases hemoglobin loss in multilevel spine surgery

BACKGROUND: Traditional techniques for obtaining hemostasis during orthopedic surgery, such as conventional electrocautery and sealants, have limited clinical effectiveness in reducing hemoglobin (Hb) loss and requirement for transfusion. The bipolar tissue sealant device studied in this trial combines radiofrequency energy with saline irrigation to hemostatically seal both cut bone and soft tissue, potentially aiding hemostasis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing multilevel posterior lumbar instrumentation and fusion were randomly assigned to unipolar cautery alone (control group) or unipolar cautery plus use of the bipolar tissue sealant device (treatment group). Hb loss from the surgical field was measured (rather than estimated) and compared between the two groups. The primary hypothesis was that the treatment group would lose significantly less Hb than the control group. RESULTS: The control group experienced a mean Hb loss of 102.4 g while the treatment group showed a significantly lower mean Hb loss of 66.2 g (p = 0.0004). No significant difference was found between groups with respect to secondary endpoints including length of surgery, number of red blood cell units transfused, number of total blood component units transfused, transfusion avoidance, length of stay, or serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Use of a bipolar tissue sealant device in addition to unipolar cautery significantly decreased Hb loss during multilevel, posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation and fusion when compared with unipolar cautery alone.     

The Effects of Lysine Analogs During Pelvic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pelvic vasculature is complex and inconsistent while pelvic bones impede access to pelvic organs. These anatomical characteristics render pelvic surgery inherently difficult, and some of these procedures are frequently associated with blood loss that necessitates blood transfusion. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the use of lysine analogs to prevent bleeding and blood transfusion during pelvic surgery. The objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of lysine analogs during pelvic surgery. A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials, Embase, and the reference lists of relevant articles. Randomized controlled trials or observational cohort studies comparing a lysine analog to placebo or standard care were included. Outcomes collected were blood transfusion, blood loss, thromboembolic adverse events (myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), nonthromboembolic adverse events, and death. There were no language limitations. Fifty-six articles reported on 68 comparisons between a lysine analog and an inactive comparator, involving a total of 7244 patients published between 1961 and 2013. Thirty-nine studies evaluated urologic procedures, and 21 evaluated gynecologic procedures. Thirty-six studies (60%) were published before 1980. Of the 43 randomized comparisons, only 30 (44%) had a score of 3 or higher on Jadad's 5-point scale of methodological quality. Among randomized trials, lysine analogs reduced the risk of blood transfusion (pooled odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35-0.64) and blood loss (pooled OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.18-0.27). There was a small statistically insignificant increased risk of thromboembolic events (pooled OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.72-1.59) and no-thrombotic serious adverse events (pooled OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.67-1.83). In the 17 randomized trials published since the year 2000, only 6 thrombotic events were reported, 4 of which occurred in the placebo arm. Lysine analogs did not increase risk of death (pooled OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.34-2.48). These results are significant as they indicate that lysine analogs significantly reduce blood loss and blood transfusion during pelvic surgery. Although there does not appear to be a large increase in the risk of thromboembolic and nonthrombotic adverse events, more data are required to definitively assess these outcomes. Based on this review, lysine analogs during pelvic surgery seem to reduce bleeding and blood transfusion requirements. Although there does not seem to be a significant risk of adverse effects, larger studies would help clarify risks, if any, associated with lysine analog use.     

血清肝纤四项检测在诊断原发性肝癌的应用

目的探讨血清肝纤四项检测在诊断肝癌中的应用。方法采用化学发光法检测46例原发性肝癌、51例转移性肝癌、46例肝外恶性肿瘤患者血清PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN和HA的含量。结果原发性肝癌组PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、LN和HA水平明显高于转移性肝癌组和肝外恶性肿瘤组（P〈0.05）。结论肝纤四项指标与原发性肝癌关系密切,血清肝纤四项检测对原发性肝癌肝纤维化程度的判断、鉴别转移性肝癌有一定的价值。     

Prolift盆底重建术治疗重度盆腔器官脱垂的临床效果及预后影响因素分析

目的观察Prolift盆底重建术治疗重度盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)的临床效果及预后影响因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年5月行Prolift盆底重建术治疗的214例重度POP的临床资料,记录手术及随访情况,观察临床疗效,评价术前、术后1年标准盆腔器官脱垂定量(pelvic organ prolapse quanfitafion,POP-Q)分度、盆底功能障碍问卷-20(pelvic floor distress inventory-short form-20,PFDI-20)评分、盆腔器官脱垂/尿失禁性生活问卷-12(pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire short form-12,PISQ-12)评分。根据临床疗效,将客观治愈者及主观治愈者作为预后良好组,将无效者及复发者作为预后不良组,采用多因素logistic回归分析探究影响重度POP患者预后的危险因素。结果214例手术时间为69~112(86.28±10.16)min;术中出血量71~124(98.46±15.42)ml;术后阴道壁长度≥5 cm 94例,<5 cm 120例。8例术后出现网片暴露侵蚀情况,经对症处理后症状消失。随访1年,预后良好组186例,预后不良组28例,总治愈率86.92%。214例重度POP术后1年POP-Q分度、PFDI-20评分较术前降低,PISQ-12评分较术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,体质量指数≥24.00 kg/m 2、术前POP-Q分度Ⅳ度、脱垂部位为前盆腔、术后阴道壁长度≥5 cm是影响重度POP患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论Prolift盆底重建术治疗重度POP临床疗效显著,明显改善了患者生活质量,并且积极对体质量指数≥24.00 kg/m 2、术前POP-Q分度Ⅳ度、脱垂部位为前盆腔、术后阴道壁长度≥5 cm的重度POP患者进行干预可有效改善预后。