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1.
目的:建立托吡酯含量测定及有关物质检查的方法。方法:采用Phenomenex Luna C8柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,光学元件温度:35℃;流动相为乙腈-0.01 mol.L-1醋酸铵溶液(用醋酸调节pH为4.2)(1:2),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,示差折光检测器。结果:高效液相色谱法测定的线性范围为:托吡酯5~15 mg.mL-1,相关系数r=0.9999;杂质10~90μg.mL-1,相关系数r=0.9999;日内精密度:托吡酯RSD为0.3%(n=6),杂质RSD为1.0%(n=6);日间精密度:托吡酯RSD为1.0%(n=5),杂质RSD为1.0%(n=5)。结论:方法简单,灵敏度较好,可用于托吡酯的含量检测和主要杂质的研究。  相似文献   

2.
HPLC法测定人血浆中头孢吡肟的浓度   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
段威  夏东亚  郭涛 《中国药房》2008,19(29):2262-2264
目的:建立以高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中头孢吡肟浓度的方法。方法:色谱柱为DiamonsilC18,流动相为20mmol.L-1醋酸铵溶液(冰醋酸调节pH值至5.00)-乙腈(90:10),流速为1.0mL.min-1,检测波长为254nm,进样量为20μL,柱温为室温。结果:头孢吡肟血药浓度在0.2~50.0μg.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9996),定量下限为0.2μg.mL-1;平均方法回收率为99.16%(RSD=1.29%),平均提取回收率为85.43%(RSD=2.37%),日内、日间RSD均<10%。结论:本方法简便、灵敏、快速、准确,可用于人血浆中头孢吡肟的药动学和生物利用度研究。  相似文献   

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目的建立测定人血浆中奥氮平浓度的反相高效液相色谱法。方法以C18反相柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相0.03m o l.L-1醋酸铵-甲醇(35:65);流速:0.8 m l.m in-1;柱温:40°C;检测波长:275nm。以乙酸乙酯与二氯甲烷(80:20)为提取剂。结果奥氮平320.0,80.0,10.0μg.L-13种浓度平均回收率分别为102.92%,97.11%,98.20%,日内、日间差RSD均低于6%(n=5);最低检测浓度为5.0μg.L-1;线性范围为5.0~320.0μg.L-1。回归方程为:C=264.03F-1.21,r=0.9996(n=9)。结论本法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血药浓度监测和药动学研究。  相似文献   

4.
高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中万古霉素浓度   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:建立万古霉素浓度的快速高效液相色谱法测定方法。方法:以替硝唑为内标,血浆样品通过硫酸锌(0.005g)沉淀,采用ODS C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱分析柱;以甲醇-磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(20∶80,v/v)为流动相;流速为1.2mL.mim-1;检测波长为281nm;柱温为25℃;进样量为20μL。结果:万古霉素最低检测浓度为80μg.L-1,血浆样品浓度在5.0~80.0mg.L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 3,(n=5);相对回收率在96.86~102.2%;日内RSD为3.8%、2.1%、0.81%,日间RSD为3.4%、2.7%、1.6%。结论:本方法简便、快速、可靠。  相似文献   

5.
目的:建立测定人血浆中氨溴索的高效液相色谱法。方法:色谱柱为ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6mm×150mm,5μm);保护柱为Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6mm×12.5mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-磷酸氢二胺缓冲液(pH7.0)(45∶55);紫外检测波长242nm;流速1.0mL.min-1;柱温30℃;内标为盐酸地尔硫卓。结果:回归方程线性良好,方程:A=0.0021C 0.029 5,r=0.9999(n=5),线性范围为10~640μg.L-1,最低检测质量浓度为5μg.L-1。低、中、高(20,160,480μg.L-1)3种质量浓度的绝对回收率和相对回收率分别为90.6%,85.6%,91.8%和102.4%,91.8%,93.3%。日内、日间RSD均小于10%。结论:该方法适用于测定人血浆中氨溴索含量,结果准确、可靠。  相似文献   

6.
目的 建立测定人血浆中帕罗西汀浓度的反相高效液相色谱法.方法 以DiamonsilTMC18反相柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相为0.03mol·L-1醋酸铵-甲醇(33∶67);流速:0.8mL·min-1;柱温:40℃;检测波长:290nm.以乙酸乙酯与二氯甲烷(80∶20)为提取剂.结果 帕罗西汀的高、中、低(1000.0,400.0,10.0ng·mL-1)3种浓度平均回收率分别为104.28%、97.60%、98.40%,日内、日间差RSD均低于7%(n=5);分析方法的检测限为5.0μg·L-1;线性范围为10.0~1000.0μg·L-1.回归方程为:C=15.29F-1.21,r=0.9993(n=10).结论 该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血药学临床和药动学研究.  相似文献   

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目的采用反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中氯硝西泮的浓度。方法血浆经碱化后,用OASIS固相萃取小柱提取血浆中氯硝西泮,采用HPLC法紫外检测器检测。色谱柱为Shim-Pack C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),保护柱为Shim-Pack C18柱,流动相为水-乙腈(65∶35,V/V),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长252 nm。结果测定方法在氯硝西泮浓度为5~100μg.L-1(r=0.999 3)范围内具良好线性关系,萃取回收率在91.9%~98.2%之间。日内、日间RSD在3.7%~11.3%之间,最低检测浓度为2μg.L-1。结论本测定方法适用于临床氯硝西泮浓度检测的要求。  相似文献   

8.
目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定围手术期患儿血浆瑞芬太尼浓度.方法:采用Hypersil CN柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾水溶液内含三乙胺0.02%(30:70);流速1.0 ml·min-1;检测波长210nm;进样量为20 μl.结果:标准曲线在1.0~100.0 μg·L-1 内线性关系良好(r=0.999 3).最低检测浓度为1.0μg·L-1.提取回收率(76.51±0.82)%.方法回收率99.66%~102.40%.日内和日间RSD均小于15%.2μg·L-1组靶控浓度与实测浓度基本一致.结论:本方法快速、准确、灵敏、专一性好,适用于临床瑞芬太尼血药浓度检测和药动学研究.  相似文献   

9.
目的:采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定复方西吡氯铵含片中维生素C及有关物质.方法:采用Shimadzu CLC-ODS柱(150mm×6.0mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(含0.005mol*L-1十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和0.050mol*L-1磷酸二氢钾)(10∶90)为流动相,流速为1.0mL*min-1,检测波长为254nm.结果:离子对高效液相色谱法测定的线性范围为5.0~200μg*mL-1,相关系数r=0.999 9;日内精密度为0.52%(n=6),日间精密度为0.86%(n=6);平均回收率为99.54%(n=9).结论:采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定复方西吡氯铵含片中维生素C的含量及其有关物质,方法简便、快速、准确、专属性好.  相似文献   

10.
目的 采用高效液相色谱法和紫外分光光度法同时测定苯磺酸氨氯地平片的含量,为质量控制提供有效的分析手段.方法 高效液相色谱法:色谱柱:DI AMONSIL C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-0.03mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾水溶液(75∶25);检测波长:237nm.紫外分光光度法:检测波长:365nm.结果 高效液相色谱法:制剂中其它成分不干扰测定,氨氯地平峰和杂质峰达到有效分离.氨氯地平浓度在15.28~33.61μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9994,n=7),平均回收率为99.79%~100.21%,RSD为0.33%~1.11%.紫外分光光度法:氨氯地平浓度在5.1~45.9μg·mL-1浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系(r=0.9997,n=9),平均回收率为96.65%~98.13%,RSD为0.55%~1.32%.结论 两种方法均可用作苯磺酸氨氯地平片剂的质量控制.  相似文献   

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Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
  相似文献   

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This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

17.
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

18.
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

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